in is al jazeera america, i'm richelle carey in new york with a look at the stop stories. an air strike close to another unschool kills ten and injured dozens, harsh words. an update on the two americans battling bowl. an act of congress an historic meeting of leaders - the tough issues in

"the week ahead". tonight israel's military says it's authorised a humanitarian window in gaza temporarily, due to take effect on monday. there are conditions. israel says the window will not apply to areas where soldiers are on the ground, and it's pledging to respond to any attacks. earlier today there was more blood shed in gaza. 10 were killed in an israeli air strike outside the united nations school. the u.n. secretary general calls that a criminal act. about 3,000 people had taken shelter at a school in rafah. the israeli military says it was not targetting civilians. >> we are targetting terrorists moving from one place to another. perhaps they had explosives on them causing the damage. we struck the terrorists. this is the situation - we do not intentionally strike u.n. facilities, we don't do that.

>> the air strike injuring 30 others, a spokesman for hamas said it was a breach of the international law. >> translation: we consider the continuation of crimes and massacres such as this morning in rafah to be a war crime. >> the state department says the united states is appalled by two days of disgraceful shelling and israel must do more to meet standard and avoid casualties. the suspicion that militants are operating nearby does not justify strikes putting at risk the lives of minutes civilians. the conflict has taken a toll on infrastructure the people of gaz ae used. let's take a look. of the seven hospitals in gaza would were destroyed. three others are severely damaged. two water desalination plants have been destroyed.

a sewerage treatment plant is out of commission. seven u.n. schools are said to have been hit and most have extensive damage. they do not include the homes destroyed by israeli air strikes. we have this report from gaza. >> reporter: for the first time in weeks residents of a neighbourhood behind me were told it was safe to return tore their homes. the damage to those houses and the families of that area will not be easily repaired. >> in the neighbourhood two miles from the boarder, crowded sandy streets are empty. the shops are shuttered. and the only person - the only woman brave enough to walk down the main road walked through the abandoned market is this 7-year-old. she wants tell me about her destroyed home.

an-israeli f-16 and air strike interrupts her. she walks me to her house. yesterday the israeli military told her and others that it was safe to return. she doesn't know where it's safe. as soon as we approach her home and she tells me it was hit by an air strike. there are more strikes. out of her scarf is her last coin. "i swear to god i have two shackles", the equivalent to $0.75. the fighters used this area to launch the rockets. the population fled after the neighbourhood was pummelled. this man came back to inspect his home.

there's no damn. he heads into his daughter's room. for more than three weeks the family lives in a shelter. they ask him to go home and bring back clothes. >> our lives are lost. my family is in a shelter. i'm here. we don't know where to go. we go to a u.n. shelter, they hit the shelter. we go to gaza city. they hit here, we come here, they hit here, this is no life. >> cross the road neighbours and cousins came back for good, despite the booms. the middle-class family inspect for damage. the 38-year-old is less worried about his home that his daughters. how are your little girls doing? . >> translation: they've had to grow up too fast. they have no childhood. they face shelling, bombing and war. they have nightmares. >> reporter: his oldest daughter

would not get close to me. when you saw me in my vest, are you scared of us? "yes", she says. we ask why? . translation: because you speak english, and the israelis speak english as well. >> reporter: if you could talk to oo 10-year-old girl in america and tell her something, what would you tell her? "tell the israelis to stop killing people and leave us alone." her mother is coaching her in the background. the emotion and trauma is entirely hers. she's seen things nobody, no child should ever see. this house may be intact, but the damage to those that live inside of it will not be easy to heel. >> despite the trauma, the family remains in bate li here.

they are the only ones that said they would stay in their homes. despite assurance, they are abandoned. >> the israeli army sis palestinian fighters fired more than 100 rockets from gaza at israel, and forces discovered a tunnel opening in rafah. the military operation is focused on destroying tunnels. we are brought this report. >> tunnels are nothing new in gaza, a tunnel was used by hamas in the 2006 abduction in gilad shilat - an israeli soldier held prison fer for five years. he was exchanged for 1,027 palestinian and arab prisoners. tup else were -- tunnels have been used to smuggle goods and cars. >> you have hundreds, you could go to southern gaza and rafah and see them. >> when mohamed mursi was

overthrown by abdul fatah al-sisi in 2013, the other uns of hamas ke clipped. egypt tightened the border crossing. they cracked down on tunnelling. egypt claims to have destroyed tunnels this year alone. hamas created a new set of tunnels aimed at israel. unlike the egyptian tunnels used for comers. the new tunnels are designed as military weapons. the israeli army says hamas had seen the tunnels, killing five soldiers. some of those funnels burrowed 90 feet or more. they extended a mile or more into israeli territory. many with reinforced concrete, 6 fight height, with power and communication lines. the israeli military claims the concrete used was intended to

civilian structures. hamas as not responded to they say accusations. estimates from the military is that each tunnel can cost anywhere from 75,000 to $3 million and was potentially as many as 50 tunnels built. some assessments put the total cost on hamas. between 30 or $90 million. some of that money may have come from foreign donors. >> hamas raises taxes, charges custom duties on goods through the tunnels. it has resources. >> reporter: the millions spent on the tunnels signifies a gamble with. at a time when according to the west bank, a significant portion lives close to the poverty line. >> former u.s. ambassador to

n.a.t.o. says the key to solving the crisis lies in weakening hamas. not in the way the israelis are going about it. >> i have argued for six or seven years, if i was an israeli and i wanted to empower hamas, i would keep the blockade and strike gaza every once in a while. if i wanted to weaken hamas, i would end the blockade, have control over the border so there wouldn't be arms coming in. a lot of food, aid and investment would come in. as it is now. the average person has no choice but to cave to hamas, because they are the only ones providing sustenance. i think the israelis had this backwards for six or seven years. >> former u.s. ambassador to n.a.t.o., robert hup are. thousand showed up for the funeral of app israeli solder

killed. hadar goldin was originally said to have been captured. for nearly a month our correspondents have been on the ground in the middle east covering the latest conflict between israel and hamas they have seen violence from air strikes to rockets. a look at the best reporting during a 27-day-long conflict "gaza witness to war" airs together. ohio is without safe tap water. half a million in toledo are forced to rely on bottled water for the second straight day. officials say the water supply is contaminated. the toxin coming from algae blooms growing out of the control. this is a hardship for a lot of people. they can't shower, how are folks

coping bisi onile-ere? >> it's really, really difficult for a lot of people. as you mentioned, no safe running tap water. they can't shower or wash her dishes. earlier we were able to cap up to a water description site where people were lined up for blocks and blocks and blocks waiting for water. there is a limit on this water. they can't get as much as they like. for example, a family - they'll receive one crate of water. this is one package of water per day. those with small children say it's not enough to survive. two days, that's how long the water would be coming from the water. >> the single mother of three is among 500,000 whose tap water is contaminated by toxins. like many others, she is placing a crisis at whom.

with no end in sight. >> what is the biggest inconvenience. >> drinking water. they cry. even though they have asthma. we have to see the doctor. okay. >> we used to wash the hands after we get out back. we can't do it. >> i'm at one of several water distribution sites in toledo. thousands of vehicles pulled in, coming to get clean water. supply is limited. each family gets one case of water every day. so have you seen anything like this in your time? . >> yes. not locally. obviously hurricane katrina and superstorm sappedy and those things. it's the first time on this scale locally, i think, and quite a while, if of. >> a green slime in parts of

like erie is the result of toxins. the forecast called for blooms. city officials say no one predicted it would be this bad. right now no one knows when the problem will be resolved. >> i can't give you a time. if i could, i would, but i can't. i don't have the time. all i can tell you is everything is trending in a positive direction. >> reporter: that means some tests are showing toxin levels decreasing. at the moment the area is under the state of emergency. >> is it nice getting two gallons or case of water. >> it would be better if we had more. there's a lot of other kids, i understand they have to spread it out over the world. >> but it's not helping you. >> no, it's not. >> with the ohio national guard dropping off thousands of gallons of water the mayor is urging residents not to panic.

it's getting harder to comply with the request. forecasters predicted it would be severe, but not this bad. the toxins could make people sick and kill pets. some of the symptoms are vomited, nausea, as well as having issues breathing. several officers have cancelled surgeries, sent tools to other hospitals outside the area to besterized. the city making a -- be sterilised. the city taking stems to make sure no one is ill. the city submitted a couple of samples and are awaiting the results before determining in the water is safe. >> no one has gotten sick, even though people know what to be on the look out for. >> no words yet of any serious

illnesses. dozens of people have gone to the hospital to check themselves out because they consumed some of the water before knowing the alert went out. they are taking steps to be careful. nothing to report, nothing serious. >> you have to feel for the mother. she's so frustrated and the little one is "mother, do you hear me." great reporting. the second american infected with ebola will be on her way back to the u.s. for yair. nancy writebol is on her way back from liberia, where she's a medical missionary. it has killed over 700. nancy writebol will arrive tuesday at emory university. the american doctor treated at the same hospital appears to be improve. dr kent brantly arrived saturday. the special facility where both workers are treated is one of four in the nationment earlier today the director said he was oistic about the doctor --

optimistic about the doctors recovering. >> it's encouraging. he seems to be improving. ebola it can be deadly. in people that are healthy, the case fatality rate could be lower. people looked the document. many people are gating ebola in africa. the spread of the virus in west africa can be stopped. >> it is currently out of control in africa, with a high risk of spreading further in africa. what we are doing now at c.d.c. is surging our response. we are going to put 50 health - public health experts in the three countries in the next 30 days. we go now how to stop ebola. >> that was the director. c.d.c. ebola is only spread through direct contact of bodily flew its. in west africa the ebola

outbreak is spreading. in some cases it feared it was spreading. there have been protests in some areas, wanting help from the government, particularly to help bury the dead. >> the african summit has a group of leaders not attending. officials about announce investment and billions in food programs, business deals and peacekeeping efforts. officials say the u.s. wants to emphasise interest in the continent asides from natural resources. we'll have more on relations between the u.s. and africa on the regular segment. it's coming up at the bottom of the hour. >> in china. more than 350 were killed. security cameras captured the chaos struck the province in the swerp side of the country.

1800 are injured. rescuers are searching remote villages. up to 1200 homes is destroyed. there are more than 150 missing. eight bodies have been found. rainy weather is impeding the pros. there's fears of flooding. the air force academy in colorado is under investigation. details ahead. >> not all sun screens are created equal. find out why the u.s. is lagging behind europe when it comes to protection from sun damaging rays. >> and president obama holds a meeting with 15 african meetings. the agenda in our indepth segment "the week ahead".

the air force academy in colorado is calling on an investigation into their school, in relation to drug use, sexual assault and cheating. past behaviour suggests that subcultures inconsistent with a culture of commitment and climate of expect, to uphold. >> raging wildfires in colorado, one that quadrupled over the weekend. it burnt through 37 square miles in and around the national forest near burnie. further north, near the border, 33,000 acres have gone up in glams. firefighters were trying to clear fuel from the path of the fire. they say the fire was sparked by a lightening strike. three homes have been destroyed. >> kevin kevin corriveau is here with more on the fires.

anything from the weather going to help? we know the whether is a lot worse. >> there is slight help. that is where the drought situation will get worse. last week the u.s. drought monitor put out a weekly report. what it did was extend the drought, which was the worst drought all the way up here to the north. several days later. we are looking at all the surveyors into the nowhere part of california. down here as well. i mentioned there is a little bit of relieve. take a look at the satellite radar. rain showers towards the south. unfortunately we don't have any fires down here towards the south. there's the drought situation. all the fears are up here towards the north. this wane is really not going to be helping the fires. what is happening is we do have flash flood warnings in effect. we have not seen this in a while. for parts of nevada and parts of southern california. there's flood advisors and

watchers towards the north-east of the sierra nevadas, but not the west where there is the yosemite fire. to the north there's warnings. dangerous conditions for the fire. monday - maybe a little bit of activity. that is the showers, thunder storms that as well cause more wildfires, especially if they are spotty. going towards tuesday, most of the weather is out of there. to the caribbean - the bahamas, tromiccal storm bertha, making its way to the north-west. we'll see the system make its way to the atlantic. on the coastal regions we'll see the participation of rip tides which are dangerous. >> it's extremely dangerous. >> here is something you know. daily use of sup screen that is premeded for decades. sun stream sold in the u.s. it really doesn't offer the best

protection. a new bill expected to be passed will give consumers better options. >> look how nice you look with your tan. how relaxed you look. no, the answer is how damaged you look. >> a recent warning by the acting surgeon general. the most serious form of skin cancer, melanoma increased 200% since 1970. the sharpest rise is among wrong people. stasy admits she spent too much time in the sun and tanning beds. >> i was diagnosed with melanoma. it spread to my lymph nodes. >> 63,000 americans are diagnosed with melanoma every year. of those 9,000 die. experts say radiation from sun and tanning beds are the biggest cause. the warnings may be falling on deaf ears. >> it brings out the eye colour. >> most know sunscreen protects the skin. they may not know products

purchased in the us are considered less effective than those available in places like europe, canada and australia. >> the technology is outdated. these are active ingredients approved going on 15 years ago and more. >> sun screens in the us are considered over the counter drugs, requiring f.d.a. approval. the process is a long one. the last time the f.d.a. approved an ingredient was 1999. researchers have learnt a lot since then. >> the traditional sun cleans that we have grown up with respect focused on the sps, the sun protection factor. what we have learnt is that u v.a. rays go deeper into the skip and cause the damage that causes the skin to age and lead to skin cancer. broad spectrum products protect against the uvb and u v.a. rays.

in europe sun screens are cosmetic, allowing for faster approval. newer products and a larger variety are available there. a popular product is mexo rrk ark l. the house passed the sunscreen innovation act. senate approval is expected this fall. the bill will speed up the process. products that may prevent the pain and suffering of many like stacy, who is cancer free, but scarred. >> if people could see the hole in my back, the crater and everything that i went to, they would learn what i have gone through. no race is immune from melanoma. while we wait for approval of products, here is what experts say you cap do - look for a

broad spectrum sun cream. use an spf of 30 or higher. apply year round - on cloudy days as well. >> some sunscreen may be water resistant but is not water approach. >> president obama scheduled to peat with african nations from trade to humanitarian issues. today's segment of "the week ahead" - that is next. ♪

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welcome back to al jazeera america. >> a 7 hour humanitarian window, starting monday morning but not in some areas. 10 were killed when an air strike was hit another a school. israel says it was not targetting civilians, it was targetting terrorists. for the second straight day 400,000 in toledo is banned from

using tap water. the national guard is trucking in drinking water. the cds says the american doctor treated for ebola in atlanta is improving. a second doctor is preparing to return to the united states. nancy writebol will be treated at a special is ration unit at the university hospital. she is expected to arrive on toose. >> it is sunday night, time for the regular look at the week ahead. in the first sum ied of its kind, president obama has been meeting with leaders of 50 african nations. the theme is investing in the next generation. our correspondent reports that the title means different things in different places. let's start in washington. here is john terrett. >> reporter: leaders from 50 african nations are here for an unprecedented summit. it's the first time an american leader met with african leaders in a single summit. it will not focus on providing

aid and assistance, but on opening up new economic opportunities tweept the united states and the continents more than one billion potential customers. some say it's catch up, as china has been doing that to avoid a decade or more. representatives from u.s. blue chip companies like coca-cola and general electric, just to name a couple, will be on hand. there's expected to be an announcement of business deals totalling more than $1 billion. president obama, whose father was from kenya, has been criticised for not doing more to improve economic relations from africa. on a side note the head of three states cancelled their trips is, the heads of sierra leone, liberia, and guinea pulled out because of ebola crisis. >> this is abuja, nigeria, the meeting of african leaders with president obama is unprecedented. it is expected to focus on what

africa has on offer. in terms of economic potential. areas of collaboration will be agriculture, democratic governors, trustie supply. with countries like nigeria, they'd like to see the united states play a more active role in tackling the huge role in those countries. >> in nigeria. this year alone, thousands died as a result of fighting between security forces and boko haram fighters in the north of the country. hundreds are missing. on the economic front african leaders want so see the market open. few expect to see the united states handing out financial aid to african countries, like the chinese are doing in africa. the economies say what is needed to not financial aid, but a greater share or a fairer share of the american market for african product. few also expect a huge miracle in terms of opening up ut

american market to african products. >> as john terrett mentioned the u.s.'s push for stronger relations for african nations is a response to the increasing economic ties between africa and china. beijing is investing billions in the continent and has been the biggest trade partner. security will by high on the gander. u.s. is concerned about groups ranging fr ranging from boko haram in the north. and other groups in the east. president obama met with a group of africans. they had wrapped up a leadership fellowship in washington d.c. let's bring in the director of the africa center for strategic studies in washington d.c. we have a senior fellow at the brookings africa growth initiative. we appreciate both of them joining us tonight. i want to start with you. both of our correspondents touched on some of the reasons,

but i want to take on why is this summit now happening. why now? >> this is a good question. >> president obama had to deal with the worst financial crisis since the depression. it's his second and time term. it's a chance for him to do something for av yeah. >> kate, why to you think it's happenings. is it overdue? >> i think it's a recognition of the growing importance of africa to the united states. the fact that there are over a billion people on the continent of africa, and population growth areas are likely to quadruple over the next decades. certainly by 2100. it represents an increasingly important area economically, for security reasons, and for

transnational and global issues and challenges that the u.s. is very concerned with around the world. so, you know, it's an important step in the process of continuing and maintaining and improving relations with the 54 countries on the continent of africa. it's a welcome signal from the obama administration of how important this part of the world is to the united states. maybe he's paying attentions to the numbers. let's break down the numbers. the g.d.p. of sub-saharan africa grew a bit. more than the rest of the world over the past decade. let's look at the numbers. u.s. exports to sub-saharan africa was 1.5 billion. that increased by almost 7%. the following year to 24 billion. that - let me do the math, that's a 250% increase from 2003. and u.s. goods imports were at nearly 50 billion in 2012, that

decreased by 21% in 2012. the total was up 53% from 2003. what is driving this? well, there are a number of issues here. one is, you know, africa is growing fast. as the figures show. number two is that africa is also having a much - a young population, which is growing fast. africa is having a middle class which is expanding. traditionally the u.s. is involved in africa in a focussed way. it's in africa in nigeria, angola, south africa and mower eshes. recently -- mauritius. recently with the middle class growing, you see that there is a lot of potential into - information, technology, information, communication

sector, into the retail sector. wall street is in africa now. >> wal-mart is in africa, that's fascinating. >> yes. g.e. now makes more revenues outside the u.s. than in the u.s. and is also in africa. let's take an centring example that i like. at the university, there's a masters program in uwanda. that is a place where the segment has a clear advantage compared to china or other countries. >> let me ask you about this. we hear about the huge american countries. it's the opportunities in kaveh. how alert -- in africa. how alert are companies to not exploiting africa. >> companies are ipp her inned into some sports of africa and

tapping into a growing middle class and a tremendous resource that africa offers to the world. i think that we have a variety of interest and possibilities for our engage the in africa. >> it's a market we can't afford to ignore for our own economies. going forward. it's important place for us to be. >> we talk about the middle class. we hear about countries, who are doing better. getting wealthier. that may be a case of the rich getting richer, and sometimes they are not creating a middle class. amadu. what do you see happenings. >> economists do not agree on the definition of a middle class. when you spend $2 or more a day,

you are part of the middle class. others say it's $20 or more. africa's middle class is growing. now, i think the key issue is how to make the growth sustainable and inclusive. africa's population is young. it's growing fast. it's becoming urbanized. the key issue is will be be able to create the jobs. we'll be able to employ the youth. there's a term, the democratic dividend. it's showing the potential that africa has. we have to - we have a window of opportunity. we have to sees of opportunity, really. >> let's talk about the issues of governance. over the last decade, many countries have had democratic elections, have overthrown dictators, there's also issues

of corruption. let's be honest. issues of corruption and governance. there's a lot of countries that don't function as they should. we had discussions with medical professions and talking about ebola. ebola would be contained in other countries and continents. it's not contained - it's like africa, some countries are not functioning. issues like that, are there issues holding africa back on the verge of exploding in a positive way. >> well i think it's important when we talk about africa to recognise diversity and cost. >> i was talking about sierra leo leone, i should be more specific. >> right. in some of the cases, particularly in some countries in west africa, countries affected by the outbreak that is happening now. we are seeing weak institutions

and weak capacity to deal with the public health challenge that other countries in africa and other parts of the world, our own country has a different system. more developed systems. it speaks to the heart of the changes, whether talking security or development. it's governance and institutions and the ability of states and societies to relate to each other and work together to resolve issues, to handle stresses coming up. internalar external and resolve competition nonviabilitily and productively in a way that is inclusive and fear for outline citizens. we see a lack of institutional capacity and the norms and values to go along with that. then these internal, external

issues, or a national threat like terrorism. >> boko haram or such. >> exactly. it's so much harder to deal with and we end up treating the systems of those things than looking at the underlying governance. >> can i ask you something. do you find people do what i did. people paint africa with a broad brush when it's more diverse than that. >> no, it's true. for many, africa is a country. that can create problems, when there is bad news when it comes to africa. here one should not underestimate the role of the major - the role even of, you know, some cultural elements.

it's a timely event to have the u.s. africa summit here. even if the outcome of the summit is to make the americans more familiar with the diversity and energy, vibrancy of africa. that'll be a benefit. >> absolutely. some analysts see it as a response to china's decade-long surge investment and tried. my colleague, she talked with a professor, deborah, and she's a director. international development programme, and the china africa research initiative at john's hop kilometres per hour -- hop kilometres per hour, this is what she had to say. >> over the past decade chinese trade and investment in africa skyrocketed. for example, in 2013, chinese trade was at $220 billion with the continent. the united states was $85 billion. they are more than double,

getting on to triple our amount of trade. it's not just imports of oil from africa, it's exports of the goods and services. this is where the united states wants to catch up. >> a quick programming note, you can see more of patricia's interview on "real money," this monday at 7:00pm eastern. do you think that professor - president obama, who used to be a professor, will deal with some of the african leaders, saying this is what china has done, you're a little late. it's true, china is a large trade partner of africa. when it comes to investment. u.s. and france have the largest invest. me ment. it goes to few countries, in a

few sectors. the oil sector. the idea is to open up other businesses, sectors to the u.s. provide sector. as i said in the retail sector we saw ral mart mum beating. -- wal-mart competing. microsoft, you know, ibm and so on are also in africa. i think, really, the challenge is to diversify and increase u.s. investment in africa. i have to add the africans have a number of priorities, like infrastructure, and electricity. power africa, a flagship programme of president obama addresses this issue of the increasing power access in a

generation this africa. >> do you agree that there is so much more opportunity in africa? >> absolutely. there's incredible space for american business to diversify and expand beyond natural resources and some of the key oil economies that we have invested in. there's tremendous participation for african economies to trade within africa, and across africa, and that is another very important aspect of african economic growth. and where u.s. investment can be helpful, as with the power initial ties and other infrastructure that can help unlock trade within the continent as well. it will be important for producing the jobs to employs all the youth that we can see coming. >> and how important, how significant should human right

be in this discussion. it's a summit about business, about the partnership that america and africa can have, but what discussion should civil rights - should human rights have at the table. i'd like for you both to comment on that. >> sure. it is important that the united states has a multifaceted conversation with african countries, and certain circumstances where human rights are troubling on the continent in different areas much that has to be part of the conversation, the dialogue. i think that it's challenging sometimes to satisfy everybody who wants to see the issue as the headline issue, versus another one. i suspected that is a human rights conversation that will be had. they may not be the top billing. but in order to have the exchanges and those back and forth, it has to come in the

concept of a relationship. i see it as a positive step in a relationship. concerns that are fundamentally important to resolve if we are talking about improving security. >> i'm just about out of time. i wanted to let you comment on that as well, quickly. >> first of all, it's a good thing that for the summit you have different stakeholders. it's not just about the leaders. you have civil society organization. the youth, you have u.s. and african stakeholders. that will be difficult to muzzle all the voices. now, on the business side it's a good business case to do business with countries with good governance, else you might have a short-term gain, but long-term, it's risky. risky if the governments can't respect human rights.

>> fantastic conversation from both of you. i'm looking forward to the summit. i am sure our viewers are. kate and amado, thank you for the conversation. >> thank you. >> thank for having me. >> before we wrap up. let's look at other events coming up in the week ahead - rand paul beginning a trip to iowa. a participational candidate for the 2016 election. thursday - golf pga championship at okay hill saturday - 40th anniversary of president rixon nixon's president resignation. we'll be right back.

miami has found a way around its terrible traffic congestion by going underground. this morning traffic flowed through the miami access tunnel, which is under the biscayne bay, a promote president obama has said is a model of private and public partnership. >> reporter: this is the headache-inducing sound of a complex construction project before completion. the roar of machines cutting groves into asphalt ensuring that millions of wheels have traction. we are 120 feet below biscayne pay. the country cruise ship industry consider it's almost mile-long tubes vital to the future, to get people and cargo on board faster. with the tunnel it's hoped drivers will not be tick in paralyzing traffic, forced to manoeuvre through congested

streets. people will not pay tolls, it's funded through a public-private partnership. it's a relatively new concept, a first for miami, and one of a few around the country. in this company a private company built the tunnel. over the next 30 years miami day country will pay it a total of $300 million to operate and maintain the structure. >> the payments are set in time so that a lot of times when the government builds something for some reason the costs escalate. in this case we know the costs. the country is considering the same type of arrangements, to the tune of $13 billion. down in the tunnels they are ready for anything. this concrete structure is not just for show. when there's a category 3

hurricane barrelling to miami. 50 tonne gates slamming down, sealing the tunnel. engineers say they are not only ready for floods, but fires. >> if there was a fire in this area, the water would come down, extinguish of fire or suffocate the fire. fans can be reversed, the speed controlled, and we can push the smoke and pull the smoke. >> with its 44 jet fans, 91 surveillance cameras and gates, the port of miami tunnel is touted as the safest in the world. now it's open for business. >> still ahead - 10 years in the making, a closer look at the surface of mercury. that is next.

are you on? borderland only on al jazeera america 10 years ago today n.a.s.a. launched an ambitious mission to explore ameri

explore mercury, "messenger" is orbiting near the surface and sending back information. >> reporter: it took "messenger" more than six years to journey close enough to enter orbit around mercury, 58 million kilometres from earth. the scientists from john kins figured they could send back 2,000 images. after receiving ten times the number of pictures they have a wealth of data about mercury, where textures range from 450 down to minus 150. >> on this map the topography of the planet has been mapped with information sent back as recently as a few months ago. "messenger" produced evidence that inside mercury's north pole craters are deposits of ice, encouraging to those that dream of making human settlement in

space a reality. >> this is saying to us that one of the processies that takes place in the solar system can trap water and have it there if we get there. >> reporter: the facts learnt about the properties above, below and on the surface are small pieces of a grand solar system puzzle that the scientists want to solve. >> there's a difference and progress on how the planets look at the composition and we are trying to understand how it makes one consistent picture of the formation and evolution of the solar system. >> "messenger" is projected to lose orbit and crash into the planet some time next april. it will take a year for the data to be analysed. in the coming decade the european space agency plans to launch two orbiters to carry on the mission. thank you for joining us.

i'm richelle carey in new york. been >> we made border security a top priority. >> it's not really immigration. it's an invasion. >> they're a constructive part of our society. >> here, taking our resources,