on facebook or google plus or twitter. you can tweet me. see you next time. hi everyone, this is al jazeera am. i'm john siegenthaler in new york. eyes on syria. pentagon is planning surveillance flights over the war torn country. can air strikes be next. ferguson, missouri, now accused of using a municipal court to generate millions in fines for the poor. burger king's proposed move to canada, why it could be a

game changer for industry. plus eyes wide shut. kids in sleep and getting the right amount of rest is essential for everyone. >> and we begin tonight with the latest on u.s. plans to fight the islamic state group. according to the new york times the white house has approved the use of drones over syria. both manned and unmanned vehicles, kill senior leaders there. so far the u.s. has only conducted air strikes against the islamic state inside iraq. u.s. officials said the drones might fly into syrian air space without approval from the assad regime. jim walsh is a research studies

associate at the mit program. what do you make of this move? >> well john i'm not surprised because you had the president of the united states come out and remark to the american people saying, essentially, speaking with a new tone and a new emphasis, a new priority for the islamic state. and then the day after, you have secretary of defense hagel and a top ranked uniformed officer come out with even more aggressive comments. the fact that we are already carrying out air strikes in iraq against the islamic state, it certainly seems to pave the way or point to the fact that this might happen in syria as well. >> what can drones do that satellites can't? >> great question. well, drones can occupy an area of continuous surveillance. at a low altitude. that's something that satellites can't do and it's just another asset to bring to bear. all this is about collecting more intelligence. it would seem if we were to sort of work backwards it would seem

that this sort of increase in iintells gathering in syria before, if we planned to do air strikes or forced actions like we did with the attempted hostage rescue then intelligence would be critical. so it seems like the white house is gearing up, pentagon is gearing up to gather more information in any way they can. >> president assad is at odds with the islamic state as well. how is president assad expected to react to this news? >> cynically and positively, he said he would welcome u.s. support to attack the islamic state. no surprise there. i doubt seriously though, and that is not a bridge we cross, that from going to say that we oppose the slawcts an islamic se

attack them to cooperating with assad. and cooperating with assad. he has committed what many think are crimes against humanity. i don't think we'll cross that bridge. >> you have a side that has used chemical weapons against its own people and islamic state that is slaughtering people. >> it's a good question john, an important question and a policy conundrum for white house. i think what they decided for in the near term, again and i think this is limited. we may see special operations, drone strikes but we're not going to see u.s. troops or general strikes with folks with rifles in syria. i think what they're going to do is hurt i.s, hurt islamic state, not hurt assad. but job number 1 is to secure

iraq and that's what the focus will be. >> looks like a tough job. jim walsh, thank you very much. the u.s. turned its attention to the islamic state last week after the brutal murder of he james foley. another hostage, peter theo curtis was released. he was abducted near the turkey syria border in fall of 2012. this video from june shows him reading a prepared script, thanks qatari government for helping secure his release. libby casey has more. >> john, the u.s. state department confirms that the government of qatar played a

role in negotiations. the release of peter theo curtis comes less than a week after the video of the grizzly murder of james foley. he was killed by islamic state fighters. spurred on the efforts to try to get american hostages freed. now just what the incentive was for all parties involved is a question mark. because the government of qatar says it wanted to play a humanitarian role. however the u.s. policy is not to pay ransom for prisoners. and state department spokes woman jen saki says that's been maintained both publicly and privately in recent weeks. >> we don't make concessions to terrorist organizations including paying ransom. we don't support third party paying ransom, did not do so in this case, were unequivocal in our opposition to paying ransom to terrorists.

>> reporter: the curtis family is expressing gratitude to peurkts release anpetertheo curt no money has exchanged hands and were not privy to the negotiations. the mother of peter theo curtis has said how much she is happy to see her son. >> i'll give him a big hug and i'll probably cry and he'll probably cry. >> peter theo curtis is in tel aviv, where u.s. authorities met him. journalists as well as human rights workers, the u.s. state department isn't giving much information on what their prospects are other than to say that they are continually reaching out to over 2 dozen countries to try to secure their release. >> our thanks to libby casey.

a long time friend said curtis understood the risks he faced. peter lack has that story. >> to find more about urveght po curtis, we've gone to kirk kardashian. how long have you known peter? >> since 2003 when we met on a group bike ride in vermont. >> reporter: now you knew him just before he left on this journey in 2012. now what did you talk about before he went? were you discussing what he was going to do? >> a little bit. he wasn't very specific about where he was going, and who he was going to talk to. but i knew he was going on a reporting trip and that he was trying to explain what was happening in syria at the time. and i expressed my concern that he was going to a dangerous place but i was encouraging that he go out and find the story that he thought was important. >> reporter: was he an adventurous guy? he has done a lot of traveling,

he's written books. >> he is a adventurous guy, he wants to make a human connection with people and if those people happen to live in the middle east he will go there and be with them and talk with them. so he wasn't afraid to go out in the world and report on the issues that he thought were important. >> reporter: in order to protect him and indeed other people still being held captive, you and his family kept this fairly hush hush. that must have been fairly hard over the years. >> well, it was hard just not knowing how he was doing. it was hard to know that i couldn't really help at all. i felt helpless and that was hard. but it was -- must have been inventoriallinfinitely harder fs family. >> it must have been harder to see what happened to james foley.

foley. >> when i saw what happened to james it made me heartbroken. >> when you will see him again what will you do? >> i'll give him a big hug and maybe we'll go on a bike ride and resume our friendship that was cut short. >> one of the best friends of peter theo curtis, on his way home sometime soon from the middle east. the family of the murdered james foley, said that they managed to get a message from him. 18 of us have been held together in one cell which has helped me. we have eeched had each other, to have endless long conversation about movies, trivia, sports. i've had weak and strong days. we're is grateful when anyone is freed but of course yearn for

our own freedom. we try to encourage each other and share strength. another group of religious fighters is threatening libya's weak government. u.s. officials say egypt and united arab emirates have tried to stop them with air strikes, according to the new york types. rebel fighters in the capitol of tripoli. fighting has intensified this summer after religious parties loss july elections. today the outgoing parliament has appointed a new prime minister, he is a candidate backed by religious parties. now to st. louis. morners and activists gathered to look for a way forward after the police shooting that killed michael brown. there was a town hall meeting where young people got to voice their concerns night but before that thousands attended brown's funeral to honor the teenager's memory. diane eastabrook is in st. louis

with more on the day's events. >> reporter: john, many thousand showed up today to honor the memory of michael brown in a community that's been torn by racial tension. michael brown was laid to rest with prayers. >> god has placed a special calling on our lives. >> reporter: songs. >> he sought the best in me. >> reporter: and cries for justice. >> no community in america would tolerate an 18-year-old boy laying in the street four and a half hours, and we're not going to tolerate it either. to value of this boy's life must be answered by somebody. >> reporter: inside friendly temple missionary is baptist church, the friends of michael brown sat among celebrities and politicians. >> michael was a big guy but he

was a kind, gentle soul. >> reporter: relatives recalled a young man who had a strong faith had god and dreamed of becoming a rap artist. >> one day the world will know his name. did he not know that he was offering up a divine prophecy at that time. >> reporter: brown's death triggered days of protests, riots and looting on the streets of ferguson. civil rights activist al sharpton said brown shouldn't be remembered for that but as a catalyst for change. >> he wants to be remembered as the one that made america deal with how we're going to police in the united states. >> reporter: during the funeral a small group gathered at the site where brown was slain praying the teen's death will mark a turning point in the community. >> my grandson is growing up in

a community where we're not doing enough to prepare children for life better, in this growth process there is so much that needs to be done. >> reporter: and that could be brown's legacy. there were no protests during the day. yesterday brown's father asked for quiet so the community can honor his son' son's memory. john. >> diane eastabrook. a new study is revealing an alarming trend. according to the study ferguson is making millions from fines and those fines are hitting poor blacks harder than anyone else. for some, the money they have to pay is triple their family income and if the fine is not paid on time, they can go to jail. arch city directors and executive director thomas harvey joins us. thomas, welcome. >> thank you for having me. >> can you explain how these fines work and how they affect

african americans in ferguson? >> sure. so the mipt system in st so thet system, the private attorney can convert a moving invitation into a nonmoving violation and then the defendant can pay the municipal court a certain dollar amount for that issue. this system works rather well for people who have the money. but if you don't have the money, you plead guilty frequently plead guilty to those charges. you are still assessed a fine and you accumulate points on your driver's license. this is important because the more points on your driver's license the closer you are to a suspension of your driving license and the more points on your driver's license the higher

your insurance costs are. our clients are the homeless and the poor in the st. louis county region, st. louis city and st. louis county and our clients are routinely pulled over. and when they are pulled over or stopped walking, they're asked for their driver's license, they are dushes there's a warrant -- -- there is a warrant for their arrest because they are unable to pay the fines associated with these traffic tickets and at that point they are sometimes arrested. if they are working they may lose their job as a result of this. they may lose their housing sometimes. so the court system for the poor doesn't work at all. they can't afford an attorney. they can't afford to make the amendment. and when they go to their summons to court to pay their fines, they are unable to pay that full dollar amount. they don't appear and a warrant's issued for their arrest and it's a domino effect. >> this doesn't sound like it just affects ferguson then. how does it compare to other

towns? >> no, it does not just affect ferguson. frankly this is a systemic problem in the region. we conducted a program of 60 courts in the region there are 90 municipalities in our region. 86 of them have their own court. we conducted a court watching program and we observed 60 of those courts. we conducted this program in sponges to our clients telling us some outrageous things. things like they were denied access to the court if they had their children with them. things like they were incarcerated is for not paying their fines. when we began this just sounded frankly unreal. we didn't believe our clients. we thought we need to conduct this court-waxing program to verify what they're saying. they also told us they are being pulled over, their belief is they're being pulled over

because they are black, a community of color, and because they are poor. our court watching program essentially confirmed many of theirs feelings and their observations about people being denied access to court. we decided to write a paper on this and we focused on three courts, bell ridge ferguson and florasint. of the 86 courts we say we observed about 30 to 40 of these courts with many of these problems and 30 or 40 of them don't have those problems. but bell ridge ferguson and florasynth were chronic offenders. >> thomas harvey, it's good to talk to you, thank you very much. louis free was involved in a car accident near royalton vermont. the 63-year-old was air lifted

to dartmouth, lebanon, new hampshire, free was the fbi director from 1993 to 2001. he oversaw some of the largest and most complex discretions in the agency's history including the aircraft bombing and the un abomber. >> i'm jake ward, after the break, i'll show you the damage in.napa and how california is preparing for the big one.

border >> al jazeera america presents labor day marathons >> this is not over...

>> hurricane cristobal is churning in the atlantic heading for a vacation resort. kevin corriveau is here. >> that's right john, we have seen cristobal go from a tropical storm to a hurricane. just north of turks and caicos islands.

will still affect bermuda whether it's going to hit landfall or not. we expect this to hit around 3:00 wednesday morning. the united states though is still not out of the woods. we're going to be seeing some incredible rip tides from cape hatteras to the coast of massachusetts. we have a storm in the making, this one is called invest 97, that's what they call these before they become a depression. we'll watch this one very carefully also. due west over the next couple of days. here is marie, category 3 storm, beach erosion all the way up the coast into california. john. >> thank you, kevin. hundreds of people have fled the town of weaverville where

several structures are at risk. the fire has already burned about 650 acres. businesses and residents in northern california are also seeing the impact after yesterday's earthquake. damage estimated in the billions of dollars. the quake struck just north of napa. our science and technology editor jake ward is joining us. jake. >> the damage estimates do range into the billions. this is an area that contributes billions of dollars into the california economy and the loss could range into $4 billion. the injuries were from falling objects and glass on the floor. all in all there was a sense that a very dangerous bullet was dodged in northern california. >> jake what's the mood tonight?

>> it is a very strange situation, earthquake myth, people wandering the streets of downtown historic napa, taking photographs and looking around. it's funny because we don't have to imagine how everyone was feeling. there is in fact a strange piece of data that just happens to have come up out of this story. there is a little sort of wrist band mounted fitness tracker called a jawbone up and that bracelet actually detects your sleep patterns in order to help you get a better night's sleep. the company released data from its customers, people who had been wearing that device here in the bay area and it very specifically pinpointed the 3:20 a.m. moment when those people were jolted out of sleep, looks like 2 million hours of sleep were lost in the bay area, most of those people not going back to sleep at all. a sort of whole picture of the

anxiety that has sort of stayed with people since then. >> that's fascinating. how long do they think it will take to clean all this up? >> well, it's definitely going to be a while. right now authorities are preparing for the sort of ongoing after-shocks that tend to accompany this. there's a 50% chance of something as big as a 5.0. the national highway administration has released funds to make sure the road remains open. yesterday morning u.c. berkeley released footage of a prototype earthquake warning system, an early warning system that texted the few scientists that had access to it and let them know about ten seconds ahead of time that this earthquake was coming. soul searching and investment that california needs to make to be ready for a very dangerous and much more unlucky earthquake next time. >> jake ward in napa, thank you.

a medical miracle, reducing accidental overdose deaths from narcotics such as per as perkocd oxycontin. many of the homeless people in detroit are finding places to crash. the city's fight to keep the homeless out of empty homes. plus, the ice bucket challenge for als. now why there's a new challenge, why people are dumping sand and rocks over their heads. @j

>> welcome back to al jazeera america. i'm john siegenthaler in new york. coming up. burger king could soon be making a run for the border after word foof the merger with tim horton. maybe your teenager has it right. why doctors say they should sleep in.

>> an american burger business and a canadian coffee chain are looking to join forces. burger king is in merger talks with tim horton's. if the deal goes through, it could lower the burger chain's tax bill. jonathan betz has the story. jonathan. >> together they would be the world's third largest fast food chain, a company based in canada saving burger king a bundle in taxes. burger king's merger was welcome for wall street, the company's value jumped 20%. white house has little appetite for deals known as inversions, companies moving across the border to avoid taxes. >> renounce their citizenship

and essentially renouncing a portion of their tax cost. >> burger king would be moving its headquarters out of the u.s., to canada where it's half the 35%. one burger chain accused burger king from abandoning the u.s. working an immediate fix oforce flood of these dangerous inversions and a long term solution that lowers corporate tax rates. but some companies have found that tamer taxes abroad aren't worth the bad publicity stateside. as for burger king and tim horton's they are not planning to comment further until a deal is reached or rejected. white house says it's looking for ways to convince american companies to stay but how is something congress so far has not agreed on john. >> all right, jonathan betz,

jonathan, thank you. financial analysis chitra norvad joins us. what are the benefits for burger king? >> outside of tax aversion? tax aversion is one. but burger king is going to compete in some areas where tim horton's is strong. that's breakfast. burger king is in a quit services industry in america and canada, that's where horton's is strong. the second is coffee, tim horton's very strong in coffee, it's the leader in canada. very well-known in the united states. burger king not really, you don't hear people talking about going to burger king for their coffee, right? this is an area where burger king can potentially gain. >> how do they balance the pr damage that's going to be done in the united states versus how much money they'll make? >> i think corporation like this

are very well prepared. it's not first time you have tax inversions happening. we can see that in other areas, companies are accustomed to that, at the end of the day -- >> those companies are different. this is a consumer business in the united states. loyalty is a huge part of their brand. and it's an american company. doesn't that make a difference, or not? >> it does make a difference but if you look at the stock market today, burger king's stock was up about 19%. so investors clearly very positive about this showing their confidence. >> so they don't think americans will reject burger king as a brand? >> they don't. maybe in the short term the proof will be how sales shape up over the next 12 months but over the medium to long term -- assemble they're doing focus groups and anticipating the damage that might be done over a period of time and their pr folks say huh-uh, not a problem?

>> yes, i -- >> you believe that? >> yes i do. >> based on what? >> because at the end of the day, burger king is exercising the optionality it can, america is about capitalism so on the one hand you can't fault burger king. >> there are already calls for people to boycott the restaurant and eat at wendy's instead. i mean it seems to me that sometimes, we underestimate, sometimes these companies underestimate the reaction that may -- the blow-back that may hit them. >> they are assessing the short term, and any short term hit and short term sacrifice they are paying for medium to long term and i think burger king's view like many corporations who do this radarless whether it's biotech or consumer facing industry they think they can withstand the below to the

medium to long term. >> chutra it's -- chitra it's great to see you. thank you for being with us. thank you. thousands of people packed a st. louis are baptist church to say good-bye to michael brown. patricia bond a democratic committee woman in ferguson was there. >> it was a beautiful home going service for mike brown. we were celebrating his life and what it should have been. but also the beauty of what is going to come from this tragedy of what is. we're a community and they are a family that we're going to grow and heal from this and be better because we love where we are. so i think it was a great celebration. and we spoke about not just being a moment but a movement. to get involved not just in ferguson or in st. louis county but around the entire country to get involved and start asking

questions about police practices. >> the brown family pleaded for peace today and it's been a peaceful day. is there still a lot of anger in ferguson? >> absolutely. the circumstances surrounding his death have not changed. this still is a young armed man who was shot twice in the head four times in the body and his body laid out in the streets for four and a half hours. there is a lot of anger around that and even at the funeral today, his family members that spoke, i believe two of them said that they are still very angry and that is not going to go away. while we are being quiet tonight, i expect the streets will be filled with protesters, exercising their first amendment right and the ferguson city council meeting is tomorrow. that's going to be a packed howt. and so -- house, so look for a lot of more political activity coming your way regarding this matter. >> what's it going otake for

your community to heal? >> well, one, we have a certain segment of the community that does not think that there's a problem. acknowledgment that there is a problem and what that problem is, that's going to be the first step. after that, we are strategizing on voter education, because we want people to feel empowered. we don't want people to think that looting and rioting is a way to feel like they have a sense of power. but the real power they have is actually at the ballot box and knowing that they have decisions that they can make. and people that -- who they need to hold accountable in the community to do certain things for them. so that's the next step. voter education. we have an election in november and this is why i know i'm going to be focusing my efforts. >> are you going to try orecall some of the elected -- trying to recall some of the elected officials in ferguson? >> i believe there are things underway. i'm not involved in them but i believe community members feel

there are elected officials in ferguson that need to be recalled. >> more than a week ago you and i spoke on the phone at the first sign of violence. what has changed since then? >> yes, we've certainly had some changes here in the streets. and that comes to what's going on in the legal process and what the family has asked for. i know that having the department of justice come in and knowing that they're running an investigation, saying that they're going to look at police practices here in ferguson, and in st. louis county, that's made the public feel a lot better. knowing we're starting this grand jury process is making people feel a lot better and certainly the family's call for a day of silence no protesting, i know as a community we're honoring that. >> that's patricia bines. crews are ready to start turning off water in detroit, on

residents who are behind in their bills. city suspended service on 17,000 residents from march to july, but the city turned that water back on for a month. that month long reprieve was designed to help the communities get a hold on their bills. more than 80,00 80,000 aband structures in the city, some see eyesores but some see opportunity. bisi onile-ere reports. >> reporter: a sign of life in an east side detroit neighborhood that has reached a dead end. empty rots, burned out structures and vacant properties -- empty lots burned out structures and vacant properties speak to the decline. >> nobody else even wants to be here you know? >> 27-year-old john de bore calls this abandoned house his home. >> this is how you cook? >> yes. >> he has no running water electricity and he doesn't pay mortgage or rent.

he's squatting. >> living in a city where you see abandoned houses and blight everywhere and stuff people aren't doing you're doing, you're hud, you get idea, that's common sense move for me. >> de boer is part of a small group of people who have claimed abandoned city owned properties as their own and a bankrupt city short on resources there could be hundreds, maybe thousands more squatters out here. >> it's frustrating to me, it really is. >> reporter: brian ferguson says a squatter moved into his neighborhood five years ago and hasn't left. >> reporter: so this is the house right here? >> uh-huh. could you tell that's a squatting house? >> reporter: not at all. >> look at the windows. >> reporter: more than $17,000 in taxes are od owed on this foreclosure. this woman has managed to are avoid eviction even with police.

>> my name is bisi and i'm with al jazeera, could you have a minute? >> they have squatter's rights, you're taking them to court, you're wasting time and money getting them out of a house they don't even own. >> reporter: minutes later she emerges. >> why do they say you're squatter ma'am? >> how are they going to do with the people? because we're at our wit's end. >> dedicated to returning the city's vacant, abandoned and foreclosed property. legally claim the properties. but the goal is to find ways to keep people in homes, and they may have lost through foreclosure, people who have been reduced to squatting in homes they once owned. >> if someone is clearly broken into a property that they have no claim on no prior relationship we will take steps

to evict those people, no question about it. it's a different situation for up somebody who fell behind on their taxes, especially if they've been there for along time. that is something we'll treat differently. >> reporter: the smallcommunity. >> starting september 24th new state laws take effect that could make squatting a criminal offense. it is a property battle they may stand to lose. bisi onile-ere, al jazeera, detroit. a russian tourist accused of climbing the brooklyn bridge appeared in court today. officials say the 24-year-old climbed a cable to the top of the bridge yesterday. he says he was trying to take photos for fun. police have charged him with reckless endangerment. the tourist is being held on a $5,000 bond and he had to hand over his passport to officials.

the ice bucket challenge is going ahead to raise money for als and its research. now gazans have created their own version, called the rubble-bucket challenge. roxana saberi has the story. >> as people around the world have the ietion bucket challenge to help lou gehrig's disease, some gans have done th -- gazane done the same to bring the attention to their fight against israel. what gaza has is rubble, plenty of it. thousands of homes have been destroyed by israeli air strikes over gaza in the past 50 days, the conflict have killed 2,000 palestinians and over 60 israelis.

>> reporter: other gazans are doing the same, "like" maysan abu moor and her brother. >> we don't have any water, we can't make it icy and the only thing we have in abundance is rubble. gaza is now nothing but a huge pile of rubble. >> reporter: she launched this facebook page to invite people across the world to take the challenge. and they're responding. >> something all of us humans share, air. >> they are posting videos from scotland and germany morocco and italy.

the ice bucket challenge has had people like former president george w. bush. the gazans hope this brings as much attention to their cause. roxana saberi, al jazeera. musicians from colorado, brought their instruments and set out to give a concert from the top of mt. elbert in the rockies. but bad weather almost stopped them. jim hooley reports. >> it's 4:30 in the morning and the air is chilled. music professor and his fellow performers have it all planned. a saturday with challenging climbing capped with spectacular scenery, and a mountain 14,400 feet up in the colorado rockies. >> tell us what's your setup

there? >> we manage to come up with, so -- >> counterbalance. >> above the clouds with the sun just beginning to peak over the mountains, the journey was shaping up to be picture-perfect. >> it seems like a really cool thing to play music on the highest mt. in colorado. >> it's hard for a report tore attend, to report, but then you climb a mountain and it becomes trfn froattractive from a diffet angle. for most part that mountain is straight up with little oxygen. this is where reality set in just above the tree line. with three hours of liking still ahead my legs turned to cement. this is as far as i could make it. my producer carried on without me. even though it's still august, at this altitude, mother nature is unpredictable. when goll and company finally

reached the summit, after five hours of hard liking, killed a chance for a mountain top view. they are far from carnegie hall and the acoustics are anything but perfect. >> hard ice could actually do damage. >> this is difficult. >> a decision has to be made to perform or not. >> yes, in and out, boom boom, let's do it. >> reporter: in the end despite the brutal conditions, two of the musicians disregard frozen fingers and possible damage to their instruments. the sound of cello and violin transformer mt. albert to a mountain top recital hall.

jim hig high hooley, al jazeera. our picture of the day is coming up. and a change to the school day at least for some students. e students.

>> we are still dealing with major heat across the central plains. the temperatures for the last week have been well above average and the heat index has been in the triple dicts. digit. heat warnings across much of illinois and affecting st. louis. temperatures are high 90s. dallas at 98, heat index is going to feel more like 105 and 106. st. louis we're not getting to average temperatures until we

get back here to saturday. so still a heat threat and very dangerous situation as we go through the rest of the week. here across the southwest we are dealing with flooding here across arizona as well as into nevada. this is monsoonal season and we are looking at a lot of heavy rain coming across the area. the areas that you see in red it's flash flood warning so utah as well as here into parts of arizona a big threat here. be careful of those low water crossings. that's a look at your national weather, your news is next.

>> this was the first day of school for many american children and the american academy of pediatrics said it probably started too early in the morning. pediatric evidence that middle and high schoolers perm better when they sleep longer. less than nine and a half hours a night can contribute to obesity mood change behavior problems. they say pushing the start time back by just a half hour can cause dramatic improvements in a child's health and performance. dr. david newman is with mt. sinai medical center. david, good to see you. >> evening. >> what's the difference between adults and teenagers when i.t.

comes to sleep? >> adults need in the range of seven to eight hours of sleep. teenage rs need a good hour or more beyond that. >> why is it that they need to get up later? >> well, they've got what we call a delayed phase in their sleep cycle. they actually start sleeping later. this is why teenagers, go to bed at 11:00, midnight, they're night birds. if they try and go to sleep earlier, they have difficulty going to sleep earlier than that. 8, 9:00, when adults are delighted to fall asleep. >> some of this evidence has been around for a little while hasn't it? >> it has been around for a little while. the public health issue hasn't been widely recognized. the aap is calling this out as a public health issue and there are logistical ways ever

determining this. after school preschool everything is a big deal. >> when does the slow wave deep sleep stage begin in kids? >> well, so the slow wave deep sleep is more common in the adolescents. they actually more of their sleep is that kind of restorative sleep. it is the kind of sleep we all want more of. they get it more. >> why is that? >> well, it's believed to be related to medicarelated to mel. >> but in order to perform well you have to have more sleep. >> it's true for job, almost everything in adults as well. adolescents seem to have particular developmental challenges this relate to that. >> so if school starts later what might happen? >> if school starts later what we'll probably see, looks like a couple of things that are important happen. there's better concentration, less problems with attention

particularly in the early morning hours of the classroom and there's even a little bit of a drop in drowsy driving accidents among teens. >> so if this research, some of the research is new but as we discussed if it's not new, why have schools not done anything about it? >> it's a good question but i think the aap not having called it out as a public health issue in the past, what they have called out as a big push will get everybody on board with this. >> have doctors identified this as a problem over time? is it something doctors see often. >> sleep issues have been increasingly a focus of study in the past 20 years and it's really a burgeoning area of research. there's been immense study that's been happening, particularly with age related research, this is one of them. >> dr. newman, thank you very much, hope you have a good night's sleep. the little team they could, didn't overcome the obstacle,

the 13 boys from chicago john henry smith has their story. >> they charmed a nation. >> i don't like losing. it's just -- it's like a girl dumping you. >> they energized a city. and they inspired millions by doing what few thought they could. making it all the way to the little league world series championship game. >> they're already on top. chicago's going crazy for them. >> the jackie robinson west all african american team to ever advance to the world fiedges. finals. the team that had to win four straight win or go home games. rallying for three runs in the 6th. but this time the rally fell

short and south korea one 8-4. >> they were disappointed, teary eyed in the end. >> nor did it dampen the enthusiasm of their fans back at home in chicago. >> it's an honor and we support these kids 100%. >> those 13, 12-year-old boys raised the spirits of chicago, which has been beset by gang violence. that african americans might return to the sport, current african american players were so impressed, that they paid for them to go to williamsport and cheer their kids on. >> this is something they can share, they will share for the rest of their lives. them 13 boys will always talk

about those moments. >> the city of chicago has a parade planned for their little heroes, coming up this wednesday. john henry smith, al jazeera. >> tonight's freeze frame dated back to 1938, the original superman comic book cost its owner, get this, 10 cents. sold on ebay for $3.2 million. the most expensive comic book. only about 100 copies are believed to exist. that's our program, thanks for watching, "america tonight" with joie chen is next, we'll see you back here tomorrow tonight. w tonight.

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came ashore. giving you a real global perspective like no other can. >> al jazeera, nairobi. >> on the turkey-syria border. >> venezuela. >> beijing. >> kabul. >> hong kong. >> ukraine. >> the artic. real reporting from around the world. this is what we do. al jazeera america. kirk. >> on "america tonight": unarmed and gunned down by an officer. a community torn apart says good-bye to 18-year-old michael brown. >> michael this is stated to the family that one day, the world would know his name. >> he said i'm going to shake the world, and i promise you. >> thousands from near and far honor a life cut short. but while many remember, others are asking, are the children of ferguson even getting a fighting chance? >> it's frustrating because you're always taught to belief