jobs but they are trying to give back. they all hope instead of playing with guns, more kids will play with guitars. jane arraf, al jazeera baghdad. >> you can always keep up to date with all the day's news by going to the website aljazeera.com. concrete data that officers were profiling blacks. >> takes your breath away. >> it is limited the san carlos apache reservation, sacred land, a place to be protected from the top of the sky to the bottom of the earth.

okay flat is on top of one of the richest copper deposits. how did this get congress? >> the answers are in the community thank you for joining us, i'm joie chen. native people, the apache indions - a new generation fearing the land would be pulled out from under them by a decision from asked. the fight to save an assessment ral homeland. >> reporter: for many years these people have been fighting

for this land. >> this is an ancestral place, of veneration, ceremony for long time. >> reporter: the former archeologist is fighting a losing battle. >> what happens to this after the mine is that this will be in the middle of the subsidence area. we are standing over it. destroyed. >> reporter: okay flat, part of the national forest sits on top of one of the world's richest deposits. a cap called resolution copper has been trying to acquire of the land for nearly a decade. in december they succeeded. a place of great natural beauty, okay flat has been under federal protection for mining since 1965. resolution kopper, the subsidiary of rio tinto has made

more than a dozen attempts to acquire the land through special legislation in congress. year after year the bill failed to pass. this time a new tactic. the land deal was inserted into the defense spending bill, a move critics say allows the company to privatize the land and bypass critical environmental and cultural protections. on the san carlos apache reserve oak flat a holy land, a place to be protected. >> it there was things that are important, and when it came to religious, this is an area. >> reporter: tribal council member flew to washington d.c. to fight against the land exchange for years. this time he was caught offguard. it had been brought up of its own bill year after year after

year and was defeated. year. >> reporter: this year they put it in the defense bill. how did you find out about that? >> we got wind that there would be movements happening in washington. it was a bad feeling. we knew something was moving, we were asked questions. answer. >> did you feel you were getting the run around. >> yes. >> reporter: were the apaches consulted before it was put into the questions bill? >> no. >> reporter: negotiated behind closed doors and with no public discussion, details of a land swap were revealed before midnight, a day before the 1500 consideration. >> i was sitting back saying wow, it takes a military bill to attack

the apache voice and religion again. >> reporter: historical records show vast amount of lands under apache control was carved out of the reservation by the u.s. government to enable mining. companies extracted a fortune in minerals. >> reporter: do you think the apache people will receive benefit? >> we have 70%. that tells you where it's going. it's not going to benefit contamination. >> reporter: imagine in a couple of years, they break ground at oak flat. what will go through your mind? >> i'm cry. the history of our people.

those dreams . the way that god blessed us, and to turn to our children and know there's no more. >> the apache are not the only people affected by the mine. framed by mountains, the tiny town lies a few miles west of the proposed mining site. the town weathered tough years when the last mine closed with boarded up buildings, a dwindling population and millions of dollars of debt. >> we are a community of minors, we want to mine, we would love to have a mine in the community. >> steve cooper is the town attorney, saying the town withdrew its support for the ago. >> until you understand what is going on and the impact on the community, you can't make an agreement until all the facts are on the table. according

to cooper, the destruction of oak flat will wipe out the tourist attraction and leave it with a mountain of mine waste at the doorstep. how big are we talking? >> i have been to a meeting in another community, and they talked about the size of the ore body, and they said it was the size of picket post mountain, which is this mountain over here, and the ore body may have 3.5% copper, if that, which would mean... >> reporter: 96% waste. >> 96% would be the tailings, deposited outside the town. >> reporter: cooper says the town would like the company to pay a mining tax one-tenth of 1% of the value of the ore. >> when you look at the value of fairness.

>> reporter: the copper ore is outside town limits, and the company doesn't need superior's blessings to proceed. besides asking nicely, does the town have leverage. >> we think we have leverage, but agreements are reached by sitting across the table and exchanging ideas. >> reporter: is that happening? >> no. >> reporter: the mine has plenty of supporters in town, eager for the economic boost. resolution copper says the mine will bring 1400 jobs. bill moved to superior to enjoy retirement and is one of supporters. >> the way i look at things is someone is going to mine. i'd like resolution to be the company to do it. without some kind of help from

somebody, we are going to go under. we need a boost. >> a lot of people raised eyebrows over the landswaping. >> certainly. >> reporter: is mining copper an issue of national defense? >> no. but this same procedure has gone on forever in congress. i think every bill should stand on its own. do you know how little would get own. >> reporter: what bothers many is that resolution copper may be able to mine the land without regards to the economic impact. under the mining bill they are required to work with the forest don't to do an environmental study, but it is guaranteed to get the land no matter what the study shows. >> it bypassed normal analysis that we would have done for this kind of project.

>> would, able to speak freely now retired says the forest service has a key set of rules. but this short process. >> we could look as alternatives, there could be access to a place not being scribed. the mining company could get the profits from the copper. >> the company announced it would use crater mining, destroying the surface of land. >> i know you have given up your personal time to be here. >> reporter: resolution copper and parent company rio tinto declined requests to talk to "america tonight". we decided to attend a public meeting hoping to get answers,

we ran into dave richens, head of government affairs. adam may, how are you? >> good, i think we were trying to get a hold of you to get an interview. we wanted to ask questions about why the land swap was tacked on to the defense bill. congress? >> you can join the community meeting and listen to the answers. thank you. >> reporter: shortly after this exchange resolutions crisis management consultant told us that we would get an interview. it's the day after the meeting. resolution promised us that we'd get a tour of the mine and a sit-down interview. abruptly they backed out of the plans. the san carlos apaches say they have not given up yet. they organised a 2-day protest drawing attention to their cause.

walking along the highway from the reservation to oak flat. >> we are not going to vacate the area. we are going to stand here. we'll face congress and tell them our demands, to keep what is sacred and whole. >> the san carlos apaches are not alone. environmental groups and 500 other scribes voiced their opposition on the mine. up the road resolution copper completed work on a new exploratory shaft. it will be used to gather information in anticipation of the day the land will be theirs. "america tonight"s adam may here. how did this get into the defense bill.

>> this is an interesting question. we reached out to arizona's delegation, led in the senate by john mccain, and an-kilpatrick. senator mccain would not speak on camera, but spoke about why the mines is good. representative patrick would not return calls, emails, tweets - silence on them. >> and senator mccain has interest in defence. >> he's against hiding stuff in bills, it's interesting. >> is this an issue of national defense? >> you saw we tried to speak to resolution copper. they backed out of the interview. we got a final statement from the project manager, a brief

statement. this is national defense. why will it be mined. will it stay in the u.s. it's too early to tell where the copper will end up. it may be in the foreign market. states. >> could go to the foreign market next here, saving the lost boys. canada fights to keep its youth from being drawn into extremism. later - remaking a relationship. the police force that came face to face with a bitter reality. it was profiling its community. >> is there resentment on your police force because of the way you are trying to change things? >> i think there's some. >> chris bury in kalamazoo later this hour. and hot on the website - locked in but fighting back.

a smoke survivor's struggle against the bureaucracy

in our fast ford segment, what do about a home grown threat. thousands of americans, canadians too, have left home to join violent groups overseas. i.s.i.l. and al qaeda among them. it's a growing concern for our communities, and for the families of these lost boys, a real heartbreak, as sheila macvicar found in calgary. so they come into your house and hask you questions. -- arriving you questions. >> i said "i don't know why you are asking questions, damien is not in the country, he's in egypt to study, these not here, he's not a concern." that's when they said "yes, he's a concern.

we have been watching him for a couple of years. we suspect he's gone to syria, . >> reporter: when she figured out what was going on, gaudreau attempted to reach out to her son. it was too late. >> he said he couldn't come home. he finally found a purpose in life. he found where he belonged. he wasn't coming home. that was going to be his new home, and he hope pd he could stay in -- hoped he could stay and he wouldn't be in contact. >> reporter: gaudreau never heard from damien again, he is was killed. fast-forward canadian lawmakers are taking up a bill allowing them to block websites to block groups like i.s.i.l., and making it easier to track without a warrant.

some call it the canadian patriot act next, what happens when a police department is forced to admit that it is racially profiling its community. >> does that surprise you? chris bury on the road to redemption friday, behind the scene at fashion week. the coin slot, 50 shades of nail tints and what is takes to make it down the runway. that is friday on "america tonight".

it is not always easy to confront our own failures, imagine how tough it is for a police chief to admit his department has done wrong. a local chief faced the harsh draws about his offices. they were guilty of racial programming. on the street it's called driving while black. and chris bury tells us you have to decide what to do about it. >> reporter: kalamazoo michigan is a long way from ferguson, but the two cities had more in common than they thought. >> people think it couldn't happen in their community. >> reporter: in kalamazoo, a

city of 75,000, 20% of the population is black. 21 of 212 safety officers who do police work and fight fires are force. >> reporter: do you think the police force adequately represents the community? >> i don't. in terms of if you are purely looking at from a racial component or ethnicity. >> reporter: a year and a half ago, chief hadlee confronted an ugly reality. that his officers were racially profiling blacks. >> it takes your breath away. what do you do. act like a dear in headlights, dismiss the study that you ask for or do you pull yourself up by the bootstraps and say okay, what are we going here? >> at this intersection i worked

four shootings. >> reporter: for sergeant andre wells and many others, the conclusion that police are shock. >> we were offended at first, we thought how dare they do this to us, it's making us look bad when we mean well, and we are trying to do the best that we can. >> the numbers were as stark as black and white. the study examined police stops at 12 locations. at every location the study found blacks were more likely to be pulled over than whites, here at the corner of patterson and park. blacks were three times as likely to be stopped by police. whites were more likely to have illegal contraband, including guns and drugs. blacks were more likely to be arrested. >> this is where i was picking

my friend up. >> for some young african american friends. getting stopped by the police seemed par for the course growing up in kalamazoo. >> growing up and experiences with the police in kalamazoo, feeling intimidated, not that feeling of police being here to serve and protect me, a little more so to hear about as and come and get me. >> reporter: did you trust them? >> no. no, i have never trusted the police in my time in kalamazoo. >> reporter: if the profiling shocked police officers, it was hardly a revelation for them. >> i don't think it was necessarily new news. i think everyone knew it. >> including long-time leaders in the african-american community. reteared professor lewis walker

relations. >> there was numerous complaints of driving while black. and sales, i know some who did think that they were topped because they were black. in fact, kalamazoo experienced some ugly incidents, such as this one in 2010, where agitated crowds surrounded a police car while an officer struggled to arrest a suspect. chief hadlee reached out to community leaders like lewis walker who advised him to give relations. >> it is important for me that police officers under implicit bias. and not fight it, but understand that we are all socialised. this count socializes. it is not just a white thing. it is an american thing.

>> reporter: at first many kalamazoo police officers reacted to the study by cutting back traffic stops dramatically. in the month after the study was public, the stops fell off a cliff. dropping by 45%. sergeant wells insists it was not a case of blue flu. >> it was never a coordinatedest to slow down. i don't think anybody - i never heard anyone talking about saying "we'll stop writing tickets." i don't think it was anything like that after the study chief hadlee made three major changes. requiring officers to undergo bias training. ordering them to undertake searches with every suspect. and ordering them to build better relations. >> reporter: is there a resentment on the police force because of the way you are trying to change things? >> i think there's some.

certainly after the study came out there was a lot of resentment, and officers felt attacked, they felt people were pointing the finger at them. challenging personal values, who they were, what they did, thou they did it. it was tough, it was rough. >> reporter: on this frigid winter night officers were out on foot patrol talking to those neighbourhood. >> we patrol. we are walking around. >> reporter: sergeant scott bowling and a fellow officer go door to door. guns. >> reporter: the new softer approach is paying off. >> dealing with specific information about an individual, and where this person tends to hide a gun, recent shots and drug activities. that comes when you build a

trust with the people in the community. i think it's huge. >> reporter: and now, says sergeant bowling, he sees how overly backfire. >> when you blanket an area with strict enforsment there are people affected what are not causing problems. >> what is your level of trust department? >> it is very limited. it's very limited. i don't feel like there's enough accountability within the urban communities to people of colour. >> i think the chief has done a good job, is trying to do a good job. i want to say i don't think people understand the enormality of the job. >> reporter: chief hadlee knowing expectations are high cautions that his officers will

not resemble nose from a sitcom. >> i'm not going to paint a picture that every interaction will be andy, bane and mayberry. >> he compares the relationship between the police to a community and a marriage depending on mutual trust. >> we are not going away, they are not going away. we'll have to live together for a long time. >> reporter: results are modest but promising. in the last year, with police making fewer traffic stops, the chief says crime has dropped by 7%. no city this size will be like the mayberry, but police can take significant steps to keep it from becoming another ferguson we'll keep watch on that. that's "america tonight". tell us what you think at aljazeera.com/americatonight. talk to us on twitter and facebook. and come back.

we'll have more of "america tonight" hope for a new piece in yemen. the u.n. claims rival factions have agreed on a transitional council to rule the country after the coup earlier this month. ♪ ♪ you are watching al jazerra live from our headquarters in doha. also coming up, a major offensive for mosul. the u.s. sets a time frame for iraqi and peshmerga force to his recapture the city from isil. tense bail out talks on the card after germany rejects a call by greece for more time to sort its finances