home. part of this is a legacy of hundreds of years of slavery and segregation and structural inequalityies that compounded over generations. [applause] and it did not happen by accident. [applause] partly it's a result of continuing sometimes more subtle bigotry, whether and who gets called back for a job interview or who gets suspended from school or what neighborhood you're able to rent an apartment in which by the way why our recent initiative to strengthen the awareness and effectiveness of fair housing laws is so important. [applause] so we can't be satisfied or not satisfied until the opportunity to to close this gap for

everybody in america. everybody. but today i want to focus on one aspect of american life that remains particularly skewed by race and by wealth, a source of inequity that has ripple effects on families and on communities and ultimately on our nation. that is our criminal justice system. [applause] now this is not a new topic. i know sometimes folks discover these things like they just happened. there is a long history of inequity in the criminal justice system in america. when i was in the state

legislature in illinois we worked to make sure that we had videotaping of interrogations because there were problems there. we set up racial profiling laws to prevent the kind of bias and traffic stops that too many people experienced. we talked talked about how too many cases of criminal justice system comes from a pipeline of underfunded, inadequate schools to over crowded jails. [applause] what has changed though, in recent years the eyes of more americans have been opened to this truth. partly because of cameras

partly because of tragedy. partly because the statistics cannot be ignored. we can't close our ice any more. and the good news, and this is truly good news, the good people of all political persuasions are starting to think we need to do something about this. let's look at the statistics. the united states is home to 5% of the world's population, but 25% of the world's prisoners. think about that. our incarceration rate is four times higher. we keep more people behind bars nan than the top 35 european

countries combined. and it has not always been the case this explosion in incarceration rates. in 1980 there were 500,000 people behind bars. half a million people. i was in college in 1980. many of you were not born in 1980 that's okay. i remember 1980. today there are 2.2 million. it has quadrupled since 1980. our prison population has doubled in the last two decades alone. now we need to be honest. there are a lot of folks who belong in prison.

if we're going deal with this problem and the inequities involved, then we need to speak honestly. there are some folks who need to be in jail. they may have had terrible things happen to them in their lives. we hold out the hope for redemption, but they've done some bad things, murders predators, rapists gang leaders, drug kingpins. we need some of those folks behind bars. our communities are safer thanks to brave delivers and hard-working prosecutors who put those violent criminals in jail. [applause]

>> it is important for us to recognize that violence in our communities is serious and that historically, in fact, the african-american community oftentimes was under policed rather than over policed. folks were interested in con containing african-american centers. but within those areas there was not enough. police presence. but here's the thing over the last few decades we've also locked up more and more non-violent drug offense offenders than ever before for longer than ever before.

that is the real reason that our prison population is so high. in far too many cases the punishment simply does not fit the crime. if you're a low-level drug dealer or if you violate your parole you owe a debt to society. you have to be held accountable and make amends. but you don't owe 20 years. you don't owe a life sentence. [applause] that's disproportionate to the price that should be paid. and by the way the tax payers are picking up the tab for that price. every year we spend $80 billion

to keep folks incarcerated-- incarcerated--$80 billion! now, just put that in perspective. for $80 billion we could have universal preschool in every three-year-old and four-year-old in america. [applause] that's what $80 billion buys. we could double the salary of every high school teacher in america. [applause] for $80 billion we could finance new roads and new bridges, new airports, job training programs. research and development. i'm about to get into a big budget debate with washington. what i couldn't do with $80 billion. that's a lot of money. for what we spend to keep everyone locked up for one year

we could eliminate tuition at every single one of our public colleges and universities. [ cheers and applause ] as republican senator and presidential candidate rand paul said and to his credit, he has been consistent on this issue imprisoning large numbers of drug offenders for long periods of time cost the tax payers money without making them any safer. roughly one-third of the justice department's budget goes forwards incarceration. one-third. and there are outstanding public servants at our justice department starting with our outstanding attorney general loretta lynch.

[ cheers and applause ] they do outstanding work. but every dollar they spend keeping non-violent drug offenders in prison is a dollar they can't spend going after drug king pins or tracking down terrorists or hiring more police and giving them the resources that would allow them to do a more effective job community policing. then of course there are the costs that can't be measured in dollars and because the statistics on who gets incarcerated show by a wide margin it disproportionately affect our minorities.

about one in every 35 african-american men, one in every 88 latino men is serving time right now among white men that's 1 in 214. the bottom line is that in too many places latino boys and latino men and black boys and black men experience being treated differently under the law. [applause] and i want to be clear. this is not just anecdote tall. this is not just barbershop talk. a growing body of research shows people of color are more likely to be stopped frisked questioned. charged, detained.

african-americans are more likely to be arrested. they're more likely to be sentenced to more time for the same crime. one of consequences of this is that around 1 million fathers are behind bars. around one in nine african-american kids has a parent in prison. what is that doing to our communities? what is that doing to those children? our nation is being robbed of men and women who could be workers and tax payers. could be more actively involved in their children's lives could be role models, could be community leaders. and right now they're locked up for a none nonviolent offense.

so our criminal justice system is not as smart as it should be. it's not keeping us as safe as it should be. it's not as fair as it should be. mass explanation keeps our country worse off and we need to do something about it. but here's the good news. the good news. don't get me preaching now. i'm feeling more hopeful today because even now--well, let's face it, it seems that republicans and democrats cannot agree on anything. a lot of them agree on this. republican senators from utah

and texas are joining democratic senators from new jersey and rhode island to talk about how congress can pass meaningful criminal justice reform this year. [ cheers and applause ] that's good news. that is good news. good news. that doesn't happen very often. and it's not just senators. this is a cause that is bringing people in both houses of congress together. it's created some unlikely bedfellows. you've got van jones and newt gingrich. you have americans tax reform and aclu and you've got ncaa and naacp and the koch brothers.

now you have to give them credit. you got to call it like you see it. there are states from south carolina to california and connecticut who have worked to reduce their prison population over the past five years and they've seen their crime rates fall. that's good news. my administration has taken steps signing the bill 101 against crack and cocaine. yesterday i announced i'm commuting dozens sentences.

[applause] under the leadership of attorney general eric holder now continued by loretta lynch federal prosecutors got what he called smart on crime. which is refocusing efforts on the worst offenders pursuing mandatory minimum sentences 20% less often than the year before. that is you don't have to charge the max. to be a good prosecutor you need to be proportionate. and it turns out that we're solving just as many cases and there are just as many plea bargains, it's working only we've eliminated some of the excess and something extraordinary happened. for the first time in 40 years america's crime rate and incarceration rate both went down at the same time. that happened last year.

[applause] there is evidence building for reform. i want to spend the rest of my time laying out some basic principles of what reform should look like. we're just at the beginning of this process, and we need to make sure that we stay with it. i want to focus on three places. in the community, in the courtroom, and in the cell block. i want to begin with the community because i think crime is like any other epidemic. the best time to stop it is before it starts. [applause] i'll go ahead and say what i've said a hundred times before and a thousand times before in what you've heard me say before.

if we make investments early in our children we will reduce the need to incarcerate those kids. [applause] so one study found for every dollar we invest in pre-k we save twice that down the road in reduced crime. getting a teenager a job for the summer cost as fraction of what it costs to lock him up for 15 years. >> investing in our communities makes sense. it saves taxpayer money if we're consistent about it. and if we recognize that every child deserves opportunity. not just some. not just our own.

what doesn't make sense is treating entire neighborhoods as little more than danger zones where we just surround them. we ask police to go in there and do the tough job of trying to contain the hopelessness when we're not willing to make the investments of lifting those communities out of hopelessness. that's not just a police problem. that's a societal problem. [applause] accomplices like west philly, baltimore, they're part of america, too. they're not separate. they're part of america like anywhere else. the kids there are american kids just like your kids and my kids. we got to make sure, boys and girls, that those in the community are loved cherished supported and nurtured and

invested in. we have to have the same standards for those children as we have for our own children. if you are a parent you know there are times when boys and girls are going to act out in absolutely. the question is are we letting principals and parents deal with one set of kids, and we call the police on another set of kids. that's not the right thing to do. [applause] >> we've got to make sure that our juvenile justice system remembers that kids are different. don't just tag them as furious. reach out to them as future citizens.

[applause] and even as we recognize the police officers do one of the toughest bravest jobs around, and we do everything in our--as we do everything in our power to keep those police officers safe on the job i talked about this, we have to restore trust between our police and some of the communities where they serve. [applause] and a good place to start is making sure that communities around the country adapt the recommendations from the task force that i set up that included law enforcement but also included young people from new york and ferguson and they were able to arrive over a con den success. to make sure that they're held accountable, but it's also more unbiased. these are steps in the community that will lead to fewer folks

being arrested in the first place. they won't eliminate crime entirely. that's why the second place we need to make changes is in the courtroom. for non-violent drug crimes, we need to lower mandatory sentences, or get rid of them entirely. [applause] >> president obama speaking the 106th naacp convention. this is part of the president's effort to build momentum for the criminal justice reform. he told them that mass incarceration makes the country worse off, and we need to do something about it. in 1980 there were only 500,000 incarcerated in the united states, and that number has grown 2.2 million. we need to follow the lead on some of the states who have been able to reduce their incarcerate rate as well as reducing the

rate of crime. and the president has spoke of investing in early childhood care education and in the courtroom you heard the president say we ought to be reducing the president sentence of non-violent criminals and preparing non-violent criminals if ready to serve in the society . >> what do you think about this push? >> i think its brilliant because he's laying a foundation for support among his most loyal constituents. this is home for obama. equipped with don't let me start preaching. he knows he has a very receptive audience, and this is the place

to test where these very aggressive policies items that he wants to see in his last two years of president whether they're going to have legs. i think the president he's legacy building, and he's working on some of the issues that have plagued up. as much as the have been supportive, some have been critical that he has not done enough for the lives of after americans. he said he's working on issues that african-americans care very deeply about. >> as we watch the president continue to layout his principles for legal justice reform is it industry difficult for the criminal justice system to come up with different sentencing guidelines for non-violent offenders as opposed to those who are violent, and is

it difficult to define what that vie license entails? >> i don't think its difficult. i think we saw as the president said in the 80s this knee-jerk reaction that we needed to have these very long sentences for people, and they were disproportionate. they impacted the african-american community more. i think it requires a paradigm shift and that not everyone. there is no value in putting someone in jail for 20 years to life for something that does not involve a gun or does not involve a violent crime. women, women who in the 1980s who were drug carriers for men who would get these lengthy

sentences. looking people up for decades just did not work. we have to be smarter. >> we're talking about some of the republicans and democrats who are working together he spoke of rand paul who said beneath to reduce the incarceration rate and take the money and spend it on other things. the president would say look, it's not just our issue. it's an issue for the other party? >> well, i think it's very important again we're talking about buy partisan support for criminal justice reform. we know many of the thanks the president wanted to do, they have not. able to bring the two parties together. but republicans like rand paul and even the koch brothers are starting to look at this from the economic standpoint.

the millions and millions of dollars who that are being spent on incarcerations doesn't make sense from a financial standpoint. this is not about black white or latino, let's just talk about it in terms of dollars and cents. investing in kids early. reducing their incarceration rates and doing away with these expensive prison systems that have popped up all over the country. >> mr. obama is going to be visiting a federal prison in oklahoma. this will be the first type of visit by a sitting president. what jumped out to you when you heard this is going to be the first president to visit a prison. is that a wise idea?

do we need the president to do that to illustrate the problems. or should he point out what the exact problem is in front of him. >> i think it's a fantastic optic. the idea that no president has visited a prison shows how serious he is about criminal justice reform. i think it is important because he's not just talking about reducing the time for nonviolent crimes. he's going to be talking about what are we doing in these prisons? how are we preparing people to reenter society? how do we cut down on recidivism recidivism. they'll talk to these prisoners about what have we done? we know the recidivism rate is extremely high. >> areva martin, thank you very much. we'll have more news at 7:00

eastern time. i'm david schuster in new york. thank you for watching the president's address.

>> the defeat for the houthis is a combination of a four months battle in the city. and defending the new bail out

deal has saved greece from the euro and must be implement: well factions have had a huge impact on iran's oil industry. if you consider the european union union alone iran's return to the oil market will not be simple. we take a look at why. >> remember those old western films with the oil dashing out of the ground uncontrolled, chaos all around? think of that as a metaphor of what could happen when iran reenters the global oil market. we've got 30 million barrels of iranian oil ready to go, sitting in the iranian fleet in super tankers just waiting for sanctions to lift. then oil cranks up to 2.5 million barrels it was selling a day back in 2011? then what happens?

>> the 2.5 million barrels will come back on the market. that time period how quickly that comes back on is the question. generally it's acknowledged between six months to 12 months from a production point of view. of course, they've got a lot of oil in storage which could immediately come on the market. the expectations, once the sanctions are agreed that the exports could reconvene prices could see a downward pressure again unless saudi arabia or other major producer in opec, for instance, facilitate iran by bringing back some of their production. >> more oil equals lower oil prices. the saudis will like that, would are putting pressure on the u.s.

business. the entire economies contracted around 20% compared to the latest sanctions. and it's $80 billion in foreign currency that has been inaccessible, frozen by banks which are adhere together sanctions. oil used to make up 20% of the iran's gdp. it has the fourth largest proven reserves in the world. >> well now a final deal has been reached and once sanctions are lifted iran is set to become the biggest country since post communist croup. it could create tens of millions of dollars worth of business for both local and foreign companies. and one analyst predicted iran's

$420 billion economy could accelerate in the 7% to 8% to match the growth of average's economy during the boon years. a spokesman for the national counsel existence in iran, also the member of the people's mujahideen. >> thank you for having me on. >> one has to keep in mind the countries, it's inconceivable that the regime will give up its

other pillars on terrorism meddling with other countries. >> this nuclear deal is something of a victory for non-proliferation, and it takes away the risk of that being a nuclear armed state in what is probably the most volatile region in the world. >> no one can dispute that it's the most volatile in the world. but first of all the regime has been a force of instability in this region in all three major wars. the regime has had its finger in the pot. but going back to the issue of the day one has to realize that the critical regime the regime,

the regime was in dire straits. he was very worried about the major up risers. >> this deal has accepted restrictions on its nuclear program on the next decade. >> i beg your barred? >> iran has now accepted restrictions on its nuclear program. >> i agree. it's because the regime had no other choice. the ultimate choice a choice-- >> forgive me sir that's not the only thing that brought the regime to the negotiating table. when you look at pictures of people out on the streets and in iran they're celebrating there is a sense of elation. people are excited about the change that it could bring to

their lives. the opening up of the country rejoining the global economy you like. he had the whole hearted backing of a decisive majority of the iranian people in these negotiations as well. >> i think what you just said corroborates what i just said. what do i mean by this? the iranian people never wanted this program. they realized there was nothing in it for them. this was the regime's pillar of survival. so they were losing a lot of-- >> i'm sorry to interrupt you in a poll conducted didn't 83% of the iranians think it was important to continue developing the nuclear program? that it does have support inside the country does it not? >> with all due respect no. it's very much a mirage.

>> and it's backed up by an opinion research firm. >> yes, having said this. and as you said yourself, even if people who have nothing to do with this program, all they want is freedom. all they want is to be able to join other nations of the world. they want to have their rights. so this was the regime from the onset pushed for this program invested to some estimates $300 billion on this. brought the restrictions on them and the u.n. resolutions on them. we're talking about two different things. one was the iranian regime desire and one is the iranian people desire. this is what they were concerned about. they realized that the whole policyold policy was untenable. and it could have squandered the whole nuclear program and weapons program much earlier.

>> it's very good to get your thoughts. thank you for your time. >> thank you so much. >> u.k. counter tomorrow chief say thatcounterterrorism chief has set out warning signs in their daughters. >> they looked like three friends off on holiday to turkey. but when thee these teenagers left london they headed to syria to join the islamic state in iraq and the levant. two have since married fighters there. their families are trying to understand why. the three girls all attended this school in east london. since their disappearance in february another five girls have had their passported confiscated by authorities who fear they could follow their former school friends to syria.

>> sensing more could follow, police are running a campaign appealing to mothers to help. >> you can talk to your daughter about her feelings. you can see changes in behavior or signs she's about to travel to a conflict. you can reach acceptsly trained people for help and advice. >> all i can say is please don't do it. you're being fed lies to manipulate and lure you to syria. you might be told that you would be marrying a fighter and help him in his work. but what will happen is you'll become the sexual partner of someone you have not chosen and i'm sure you'll be a victim of abuse. >> many are taking their children into the war zone. the chances of them returning

unharmed diminish day by day. four the lawyers who represent the families of the girls this is a real issue. >> we have to look at the push factors because we could do something about it rather than the poor factors and propaganda and what have you and the attraction of war generally. something that we can't do anything about. what isil will do is what they're going to do. >> these girls were not on any watch list despite being interviewed by police. their parents were oblivious to their plans. >> hundreds of contract workers are laid off after a ban on maggie, a popular band of foodels. they were taken off the market when they were found to contain lead. >> for the past six years

30-year-old has been employed as a contract worker nearly every day at the local nestle plant. now he spends a lot of time at home waiting to hear if he'll work at another plant for at least a day. several samples tested positive for lead and msg. a country wide ban shut down production and ended the employment of hundreds of contract workers. some have found other work, but the lack of a regular salary has hit people hard. >> it seems really bad. it's causing so many problems. my kids schools are opening soon how am i going to pay the fees? >> after the layoff some workers left to save on rent but some say that the local economy has

not been effected as much. >> there are 100,000 workers in different companies. so 101,000 does not have much of an impact, and there is not an area that has been effected i can economy. >> some warn if the layoffs are being felt by the workers now it could hurt the company in the future. nestle declineed to comment in an interview but it's trying to help people who have lost their jobs. business experts say that this situation with the workers is only adding to the company's image company. other companies in similar positions have done more to protect their workers. >> some of given paid holidays, putting some through training. >> despite what happened, he said he'll happily go back to

the nestle plant if production starts up again. but with the 90 day wait on maggie noodles he fears that the wait will be a long one. >> authorities in mexico say that the country's most powerful drug lord must have had a sophisticated network to help him inside the prison from which he escaped. the tunnel used by joachin guzman has been described as high tech. >> you can see the tunnel that joachin guzman, he walked a tunnel, it had ventilation

electric lighting and even a motorcycle to shift out the huge amounts of earth that you would need to move out a grand project. the federal government has admitted this was an inside job. the director of the prison has already been fired. and a full scale manhunts is on to try to catch "el chapo" guzman, and really at this point its anyone's guess where exactly he could be. >> nasa's news horizon's spacecrafts that made the closest visit ever to blue toe. it has released the most detail image.

to date. >> about the size much a grand piano, the probe was launched in 2006. it has taken since then nine years and a journey of 9 billion kilometers to reach its goal, the dwarf planet of pluto. that was an ability to test the equipment and the cameras. this cameras will resolve 50 meters on the surface of pluto. we'll see perhaps craters perhaps mountains, we don't know. whatever these images show it will be an amazing discovery. >> traveling 1,000 kilometers a minute the equipment cameras

has send back. >> we have seen these crazy patterns, and a lot of sir could youa lot of circular things we wonder if they were craters, we should know in a few days. but we're having fun just really speculating. >> after flying past pluto new horizons will continue its journey into are a region known as the kipa belt. >> it's going through the solar system where the planet changes to broken ice. we know very little about this object and we find--we expect

to find a little bit more evidence of the pristine material out of which this solar system was formed four and a half--more than four and a half million years ago. >> video signals from new horizons already take four house to reach earth making communication slow and difficult. it's an ongoing problem for the viescientists as they explore our solar system. >> let's talk more about pluto and the spacecraft with an astro physicist. thank you for joining us. anything we've had before were from hubbel, which basically just showed really blurry

patches on the surface. so these we're going to be able to resolve down to 50 meters which meanings we're going able to pick out the geology, the impact craters. >> you what are scientists going to try to figure out from the planet? what could we learn from these pictures? >> right now we don't know much about pluto at all. until a few days ago we didn't even know its size. then when we discovered it's bigger than it was then we discovered that it's mated out of more ice than rocks.

of this is left over for planetary formation. by looking at these objects and an myselfing we'll work out what was around at the beginning of our solar system and sow solar system. >> thank you very much. coming up very shortly we'll bring you all the latest sports, news the tour de france. we may already have a winner. we'll have the latest on that in just a moment.

bash. welcome back. lee is here with your sport. >> thank you very much. in the indian cricket league where officials were charged with betting on results . >> it will have a place when it

comes out cleaner. >> the expulsions could reduce the field to just six teams. and ticket sales sponsorships and tv contracts value at $3.5 billion. that pales in compared to the batting world. $2.5billion is gamed in every match, and $150 billion is handleed by book keepers every season.

>> australian wicket keeper the tour management said it was for family reasons but he'll remain in london. >> the man who won the tour de france two years ago has taken an iron grip on this race. having been just 12 seconds clear going in to stage ten. a stunning performance on the first mountain stage. thesome observers are suggesting that the race is already over.

but they're saying that it's a long way to paris. 40,000 fans came out . >> fabio cape la was one of the highest paid coaches earning more than $11 million a year. he'll be replaced by a homegrown manager. capello was hired to take the team into to championships but they're struggling for next year's championships. >> unfortunately, today we're in third place in our qualifying group. the results and the team's performances obviously don't

satisfy the russian public. i think the coach was in agreement with that. >> the international championships are being held in a fixture that is a repeat. the panama would lead in the first half. man ma will have to wait and see if they qualify in one of the best third place teams. and in golf jordan spieth ahead of thursday's first round. the american is pursuing an unprecedented grandstand of all four majors having won the u.s. masters and the u.s. open. he has been helped to injury by the world number one rory

mcilroy. three time open winner tiger woods played a practice round and had some advice for spieth. >> he's playing well. obviously he's in great form. it's just a matter of going out there and executing his game plan. that's what he talks about a lot, formulating the game plan and executing it. this is a golf in which you have to do that. >> back to you. >> thank you so much. remember you can get the latest on everything we're covering, all the stories in this bulletin and all the sports news as well. this is where you need to go. our website www.aljazeera.com we have a bulletin of news coming up after a very short

break. from nature. >> technology...it's a vital part of who we are >>they had some dynamic fire behavior... >> and what we do.... >> transcranial direct stimulation... don't try this at home! >> tech know's team of experts show you how the miracles of science... >> this is my selfie... what can you tell me about my future? >> ...can effect and surprise us... >> sharks like affection >> tech know where technology meets humanity... only on al jazeera america >> ali veslshi brings you a rare firsthand glimpse inside iran. >> i'm trying to get a sense of what iranians are feeling. >> the effects of international sanctions. >> rampant inflation. this is workth $100. three years ago this was worth $250. >> what the nuclear deal means for the country, the region and the world. >> iran doesn't want the agreement to be blown apart by the next u.s. president. >> a real look at life in iran. >> the galleries and the art and the parties... everything, it's getting better.

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[ cheering ] >> street celebrations and a historic deal is struck on tehran's nuclear program. hello. we have full coverage on the agreement reached in vienna including iran's president said he'll meet all the country's objective calling it a new chapter in iran's history.