>> the price of war. >> the vast majority of people in yemen have nothing to do with this. they want to have nothing to do with this. >> a new report highlights how millions in yemen are on the brink of starvation at a time when the al qaeda affiliate there is gaining strength. secret agreement: >> we're confident in the agency's technical plans for investigating the possible military dimensions of iran's former program. >> controversy in washington

over a newly revealed document that uses iran to use one of its own inspectors to investigate one of its most sensitive nuclear sites. on the front line. >> there has been an al shabaab ambush on the road. >> al jazeera on the front lines, as government does battle with al shabaab rebels. and the next big thing. >> people right anow will end up on television, will end up in films made by hollywood producers. fringe festival is on, as artists take center stage to showcase their talents. good evening i'm antonio mora. this is lo al jazeera america. we begin in yemen where the tide is turning once again in the

battle for the control of the war torn country. for the second day in a row houthi rebels launched an attack on progovernment rebels in the south. at least five government fighters were killed in the attack. this latest offensive marks a rebound for the houthis. the group has spent weeks retreating as those allied with the pro government rebels, and the head of the u.n.'s world food program say the people are on the brink of famine, 10 million children are in urgent need of aid. jerald tan has the latest. >> once a playground, these streets are now a battle ground. for the children of yemen war means being forced to grow up quickly. >> my sisters and i get so

frightened when we hear the bullets. we are afraid that we will die. >> i'm frightened when i hear war planes. i can't sleep. i'm afraid this war will expand and i'll lose friends to this war. >> the grim statistics support their fears. on average, three children are killed in the fighting every day, five more are wounded, many maimed for life. >> these deaths are unnecessary. the vast majority of the people in yemen have nothing to do with this. they want to have nothing to do with this. they want to good about, they want to live their lives, they want to educate their children, see their children grow up. they don't want this. they are suffering unnecessarily. >> it's not just about direct attacks. even before the conflict access to food and water in this impoverished country was difficult. that situation is far more dire now. children who don't have enough to eat are turning up in

hospitals. nearly two million are expected to suffer from malnutrition this year. world food program estimates 1 in 5 yemenis is severely food insecure. >> the lack of access by hoourmts to the vulnerable humanitarians, for people not able to access foods, for us to mill grain when it comes in and the lack of clean water, a perfect storm that is brewing inside yemen right now. >> reporter: every aspect of life in yemen have been disrupted. markets with limited food. hospitals, trained development, schools unable to stay open. the concern is that children will continue to bear the brunt of this war long after the fighting is over. gerald tan, al jazeera.

>> joining us from washington is yemeni political analyst a foal with the center for strategic studies. good to have you with us as always. i know you still have family in yemen, you can't have been too surprised about this report. how bad are things in yemen and are they getting worse? >> i mean that report said it all. the statistics are horrifying and we really have to salute the aid workers that are daring to go into yemen now and trying to help the people. the biggest problem is the lack of electricity and lack of humanitarian aid reaching people in conflict areas. it is turning ugly every day. yemen is now facing a huge divide, culturally speaking, because the war is turning into a regional civil war meaning that people from the north are turning against people in the south. the people in the south are turning against people in the north. and then there are more

divisions, more than the north-south divide. >> right. >> and it's turning into a racist battle and so society now is fragmenting and dividing from within and yemen's government tends to be in out. >> the government in exile in saudi arabia, do you think the tide is turning so the government can return at least to set up sniflt souther itselfn yemen? >> unfortunately they don't havefully presence on the ground. they have sent a few ministers to the city of aden however they don't havefully ministers or employees to operate underneath them, there is no structure for them operate from. there have been new appointments, for example, the united states has just appointed a new yemeni ambassador who just arrived a few weeks ago.

the government is operating more abroad than inside yemen. on the ground though operation goldegolden arrow that liberatee city of aden, seems to be getting weaker. they keep on launching attacks, the houthis and not back down. the only way out of the situation really is to reach a peace settlement that everything can agree on other than that it will turn ugly. >> the problem with the peace settlement and the government's fight again the houthis, formerly allied with i.s.i.l. and al qaeda, and the herac movement this wants to separate south yemen from north yemen as it was in the past. there is total chaos, and these groups like quea quaip al qaedan

peninsula, they have emerged in yemen when the war started, when we talk about yemen, we are talking about different types of militias or local resistance fighters that are fighting against the houthis. some items of al qaeda in the arabian peninsula, have assisted in fighting the houthis off. the ta'izz where predominantly a muslim brotherhood militia was able to kick the houthis out. however the day following that there were incidents of slaughtering houthi people, new to yemen, we have never seen images coming out of yemen like that before. and right now the north of yemen seems to be surrounded on the are port of hadetha, was destroyed by the houthi led

coalition. a civil war, and on top of that air strikes coming in and hadi's government does not seem to be backing down from the demand that the houthis return, and the united nations resolution 2216. >> it poses danger for the groups that have gotten stronger there. thank you for joining us. >> absolutely. >> the misery faced by palestinian refugees caught in the syrian civil war at the yar [ ♪music ] rar michael okwyarmichael okwuyarmoe camp has left 18,000 refugees without foot water or medical supplies.

i.s.i.l. has apparently beheaded aworld renown archaeologist. neave barker reports. >> for half a century halaad assad was a guardian of the ancient roman ruins, he was beheaded by the islamic state of iraq and the levant. before the syrian conflict, palmyra'palmyra's ancient buildw tourists from around the world. he oversaw research and rest traition. >> he was so much involved in part of the history and archaeology of that place, that he would live there and die there if need be and he did pay the ultimate price. >> in better days, assad showed

foreign di dignitaries around te site. likes francoi is miterran. then i.s.i.l. came to palmyra, he was taken hostage and apparently interrogated. i.s.i.l. has destroyed hundreds of heritage sites across syria and iraq. sledge hammers and power drills have been used to ruin priceless artifacts. some prietless artifacts have been smuggled out. but it is believe that i.s.i.l. have sold some on the black market to help finance their campaign. 25 men in a packed amphitheater

before their apparent execution. and now the beheading of halad assad, a renown archaeologist who devoted his life to palmyra. now at the mercy of i.s.i.l. neave barker, al jazeera. >> the hunt continues for the main person believed responsible in monday's deadly bombing in bangkok, that killed 20 people and injured more than 100. thai police now believe he did not act alone and are looking for two more people. scott heidler has the latest from bangkok. >> this is the man thai police are hunting for in connection with the shrine attack. they issued an arrest warrant saying he appeared to be a foreigner. they are offering a $28,000 reward for information leading to his arrest. his image is shown on tv and constant figure on social media but police don't think he worked alone.

two different suspects have been identified in closed circuit tv of the bomb site. >> we will make a conclusion who they are and their identity and nationality. but at the moment these pieces from the bombs are seemingly coming from our own country. >> he added that the physical evidence could reveal signatures that could help them pinpoint where the bomb was made. at this stage of the investigation they're not ruling anything out spaicial when it comes to the motivation behind the attacks. these bombings come just as tourism is rebounding here in thailand and the numbers of the all important chinese market doubled this year compared to the same time last year. the united nations tourism organization said these were attacks directly on thies that t are so directly connected to tourism. this has reassured some of the tourists. >> translator: at first i was

shocked to hear about the blast. after assessing the situation i think bangkok may be safer after the bomb. >> reporter: as friends and relatives look at the list of the dead and injured from monday's bombing, thailand admits it will have to work hard toars prevent such attacks. scott heidler, al jazeera, bangkok. iranian hostage crisis, why do iranians distrust americans? and later, under pressure from the united states. south sudan's president now says he will sign a peace agreement.

>> new controversy tonight over iran's nuclear program. a secret agreement between tehran and the international atomic energy agency. it would allow iran to use its own inspectors to inspect nuclear sites. one separate from that negotiated with u.s. and five world powers. briefed on the deal and endorsed it. meanwhile, negotiations over the iran deal have highlighted the complicated relationship that that country has with the united states. distrust between the two nations can be traced back to events on this date 52 years ago. in our in context segment

tonight, roxana saberi looks at the history of distrust between washington and tehran. >> attention is focused once again on the middle east where events in iran have taken a dramatic twist. >> an american hand set the nation of iran on a course away from democracy. >> 300 killed and hundreds wounded is a conservative estimate. >> prime minister mohammed mosadi had been elected years earlier, nationalized the oil industry. >> 500 million pound oil refinery. >> they fiercely owned the move. exit was short-lived. a pro-shah upride, and the shah

returned with a fortified hold on power. iranian artist julia focused on the issue. >> about art history as a country, all of you seem to remember iran after the islamic revolution, this democracy was stolen from us by the american government. >> in 2013 a declassified cia document, showed the revolution was american made to smother a communist threat. it was characterized as a real james bond operation. in rome a bewildered young shah prepared to fly home.

thus it was the strategic little nation of iran was rescued from the closing clutch of moscow. feeling control of their own political destiny slip away. >> the film also speaks to the iranian people and asking them to return to their history and look at themselves before they were so islamicized. in the way we looked in the way we played music in the way we had intellectual life and most of all, in the way that we fought for democracy. >> roxana saberi, al jazeera. >> iran ibrahimian, city university of new york, it is always good to have you with us professor. >> thank you. >> the coouch 62 years ago, iranian hostage crisis happened 36 years ago. isn't it sometime to get past this? >> i think both have had a deep effect on popular thinking in both countries.

and it's become part of i think i would say national culture. it's like pearl harbor in united states. it's long time ago but people know about it, they might not know the details but -- >> we had perfectly good relations with japan now. >> exactly. after a while, now is the time when you get politicians in both washington and tehran, who are willing to say well the past is the past. let's look at our national interests. and i think both the obama administration, rouhani administration, don't want to be bogged down in basically past history. they want to look at what's in both country's interests. >> one thing, would that coup have happened had the cia and the united kingdom as well not intervened? >> not at all. the iranians in fact according to the cia documents were not

organizing a coup. in fact the cia had to give the shah and ultimate mawm t ultima. we can't guarantee you the throne afterwards. so this was basically a threat to the shah. >> now given the inherent tensions that exist between the two countries then, how can this nuclear agreement go forward? >> well, because i think both leaders, both here and there, are again not interested in these questions of distrust. they are far more interested in practical let's say insurances that there is not going to be cheating. >> but then we have all this recent news. we have the secret agreement with the iaea, that would allow

iranian investigation of their own site and the most influential investigators, and isn't this all giving a lot of meat to the opponents of the deal? >> too much is being made of it. for instance we don't know exactly what international u.n. agreement is. but what can i see is they're talking about what was being done in iran before 2003. so we're talking about again past history. the cia and 17 american intelligence agencies have said there's been no iranian, basically, experimentation with nuclear weapons since 2003. that anything that was done would have been earlier. so when we're talking about inspections about past activities, we're talking about history, we're not talking about anything -- >> you're talking about how

rouhani and president obama want to move forward. but are you among the optimists who think that not only this deal will work but this could lead to a broader improvements between iran and the u.s? >> yes, i'm an optimist. i think things will improve. but i don't see a sort of friendly relations, an alliance between the u.s. and iran. i think this is overblown. i think there is a fear in israel somehow that iran will come the u.s. main ally in the region replacing israel. that's not possible. what you'll get is much more of a normalization in which the danger of war is no longer there. u.s. is assured that iran does not have -- is not interested in building bombs, and iran gets the assurances from the united states that actually u.s. is not out for regime change. and that's one of the major things the iranians actually are concerned about.

>> professor irwin ibrahimian. thank you. according to the state department, some documents at the state department, the nixon administration feared a nuclear israel would worsen fragile relations with its arab neighbors. rld has throsalyn jordan has th. >> reporter: nixon suspected israel was developing nuclear weapons, as the defense secretary put it, if the israelis complete a nuclear weapon within the three to six months which is quite possible, we'll be unable to invoke

sanctions. now the state department has released hundreds of documents describing the arguments u.s. diplomats and generals had about the situation. the documents show that the pentagon wanted to play tough. don't give the israelis is f-4 phantom fighter jets like these see here unless the israelis abandon their nuclear weapons program. ultimately the state department and the national security advisor henry kissinger prevailed, if they didn't press golda meir, it would be easier for her to make concessions in the peace talks. >> sort of from kissinger's perspective, it was better that they don't test the weapon to keep it basically concealed. >> reporter: another goal was to get the israelis to sign the

nuclear nonproliferation treaty. meier was facing election at home. israel has never signed the npt and has never admit it has nuclear weapons. rio drosalyn jordan, al jazeera. doctors say he is suffering from brain damage, alan is in a medically induced coma. and can be treated as a patient not a prisoner. coming up next, mohammad adow takes us along with soldiers trying to hold their ground against the notorious fighters. and a look at the life boats

that thousands of refugees are hoping are a life line to a better life in europe. urope. only on al jazeera america.

>> welcome back to al jazeera america. i'm antonio mora. coming up this this half hour of international news, nato warns incursions into ukraine.

but in our american minute. three firefighters have been killed battling battling wildfin washington state. blazes that burned through thousands of acres in the eastern and southern portions of the state. former freedom industries president gary southern has pleaded guilty to the west virginia chemical spill. southern could face three years in prison when he is sentenced in december. an angry protest broke out in st. louis, officers say they were serving a warrant when the man pulled a gun on them and they opened fire. gathering at the scene, some shouting, "black lives matter."

they had participated in a rally separating a one year anniversary of an attack on an individual. to cut off al shabaab supplies, until that happens, somali soldiers are trying to hold the line. al jazeera's mohammad adow went to the front lines to witness the battle firsthand. >> these are the men somalia wants to use in its effort to seize territory back from al shabaab fighters. they are the latest recruits for the somali national army. now trained in the port city, one of the laf of the last survg strongholds of al shabaab. >> we cannot allow them to continue to use this area as a

hideout. we have flushed them out in other areas we shall do it here too. >> reporter: it is these fighters who have the task. we set out with them to their front line with al shabaab. it is a constantly changing combat zone. moving in small groups, al shabaab fighters are known to conduct surprise attacks almost anywhere. suddenly we are under attack. there's been an al shabaab ambush here in this section of the road. it's been known for attacks on al shabaab fighters who are not too far away from me just a few meters away. and the informs of the genuine land state are returning fire. with our attackers pushed back and everybody accounted or the, we move forward to the front

line. anything beyond here is rebel territory. they know their enemies could hit them at any moment. just a few hundred meters away from the forces there is an african union peace keepers base. >> translator: we have a close working relationship with the peace keepers, we exchange intelligence and information. >> until recently it's been an important base and tax collection center for al shabaab. with their village turned into a battlefield, most people have fled. this woman says her road side cafeteria was burned down just days ago, by al shabaab fighters who accused her of selling food to government soldiers. any trick to out do its opponents. mohammad adow, al jazeera in

southern somalia. >> the united states and other nations have declared al shabaab a terrorist organization. tomorrow night we'll examine the role that al shabaab is trying to take in undoing somalia. 20 salva kiir says he needs more time before signing a peace deal. he faces the threat of new u.n. sanctions, the war pits dinka people against riek machar's nuer people. in the meeb meantime, rebel figs are opening fronts in new neighborhoods. now with greece, as it wrestles with a new economic crisis. 650 new migrants in the last few days. many of them have arrived on the

island of kos. jonah hull is there. >> reporter: an early morningren distress. many others do make it across. this is a family of syrian refugees who finally arrive on the shores of kos. an island in the european union. did you pay somebody to give you this boat? >> yes, $1,000. >> 1,000 per person? >> 500 per children. >> the shore line is littered, fairly showrt but sometimes perilous crossing from turkey. on monday night six people along with a child are confirmed to have drown when their dinghy

overturned. according to a witness from a nearby he hotel saw up to 50 syrians he believe climb off and clamor on down the beach. it is fast reliable and relatively safe and it is estimated those aboard would pay around $2,002,000 a head to make journey. this is the budget equivalent, a dinghy with a battery operated motor that often fails. car tires for life vests. using such a vessel, these pakistanis arey to survive. >> we are coming at this site, our battery is empty, our battery lost and we row, and three of us, we row the ship three hours, from the sea. >> so the boat was drifting?

>> drifting. >> and then the coast guard rescued them. >> come and rescued them all of them. >> the coast guard trowrns port not for the first time heavily ladened and it won't be the la last. jonah hull, on the island of kos. >> let's take a cleeser look at the migrant route. many of the migrants come from syria, afghanistan, pakistan and eritrea. more than 340,000 migrants have made it to europe this year. nearly 80,000 in july alone. in all of 2015, 280 migrants arrived in europe. breaking news, reports of at least three explosions around cairo, egypt, happened in the

vicinity of a state security building. so far there's no word on casualties and no claims of responsibility. in the past, fighters on the sinai peninsula with ties to i.s.i.l. have carried out attacks on egyptian officials. site of a massive explosion last week, teams of chemical experts entered the disaster area in tienjin for the first time today. the experts stayed only 40 minutes each to limit their exposure. the city's mayor accepted responsibility for the accident. speaking at a press conference today, he says i bear the unshirkable responsibility. the city has offered to provide compensation for those whose homes were destroyed by the blast. you might be astounded to learn just how often there are significant spills in russia and what the response to them is. and how the case of anes estonin

police officer, is ratcheting up tension. tension.

>> since russia's annexation of crime yah, an estonian police officer adding to the issue. >> now cover an estonian police

officer is facing 15 years in prison after being convicted of spying. serving his sentence in a russian hard labor camp and fined $1500. >> we demand his release back home. our position hasn't changed. abduction on the fifth of september last year was violation of international law, violation of human rights. >> he was arrested near a border checkpoint last september and charged with crimes including smuggling arms and illegally crossing over into russia. he was found carrying over $5,000 in cash and a handgun with ammunition as well as equipment for secret audio-recording. estonia and the european union insisted that he was abducted on

estonian land. >> illegal detention in russia represent a clear violation of international law. he has been deprived of a fair trial. no public hearing of the case, the counsel was not allowed to be present at the hearings and he was deprived of aid. >> relations between them and russia have badly deteriorated. estonia urged its fellow nato members to take a tough stance. ... latest sentence will do little to ease those tensions. nadim baba, al jazeera. >> any attempt of separatistis t

rebels, coincides with what the u.s. describes as the biggest allied airborne drills since the cold war. the training exercise is called swift response 15 and runs until september the 15th. in today's off the radar segment russian oil spills, among oil producing nations, russia has the worst record for oil spills and leaks. rory challands reports. >> reporter: as any detective will tell you, the work is far from glamorous. she's on the hunt for evidence and she's finding it. the coverup she's investigating

hasn't been particularly thorough. >> fresh sand and soil and discover the entire oil spill under the layer of fresh soil. >> unamounundocumented amount sd out over the flood plane. >> they announced they spilled only 450 kilos of oil. but we can see all over the trace of the oil all over. and 450 would not pollute such a big area. >> ... black water gushing from theirs taps and animals coated in crude. a month and a half later, still tallying up the damage. >> we lost everything that was here.

potatoes, carrots, onions. we were promised that they were going to replace the soil but what about the food? there's a winter to live through. >> we just don't know how bad this spill is compared to other russian spills because the data just isn't published. not the amount of oil that's leaked or the amount of the land that's polluted. the only data we do have is the number of pipeline ruptures. 12,000 in 2013, that's an average of 32 every day. russia's environmental watchdog has moved to investigate this leak and several executives at the local subsidiary of state oil joint roznef has lost their jobs. but the root of the problem is russia's aging owl infrastructure. millions of crude is spilled, largely unpunished and fines if they are given are small. >> translator: the scale of

this incident was blown out of all proportion by environmental organizations. which as we know often pursue aims unrelated to ecology because they make business out of it. they played on human emotions. all oil companies have to deal with it because oil companies are considered to be rich. >> rosnev says the clean up begins but these diggers removing floating booms are the only efforts we could see and a story of this oil spill is still written all over this landscape in black ink. rory challands, al jazeera, russia. oil spills in russia are widespread and frequent, the group estimates that there are now more than 10,000 spills every year, about 5 million tons of crude oil leaks on larnd, at least half a million tons end up in the arctic ocean. to put that in perspective,

that's, about 10 times the amount in the gulf of mexico, as a result of the deep water horizon dispaft. for our off the radar segment flit we are joined by cassidy sharp the spokesperson for greenpeace u.s.a. cassidy, good to see you. the whole world took notice but this catastrophe in russia is far worse even if it is spread over a much wider region. is russia sweeping this under the rug? >> absolutely. so as the deep water horizon disaster was one of the worst environmental tragedies in our history and to think that that happens several times a year in russia is truly disturbing and what it is is a lot of times these companies don't have to report what happens. in fact it is a volunteer basis

which is truly astounding. so that's our best guess of how much oil is spilled. it could be even more than that. >> and we saw in the rory challands piece some of the suffering caused by the recent spills, but in 1989, some 600 people were killed in russia and trees were felled miles from the site. russians clearly have not learned their lesson so what can the world do? >> you mentioned a lot of the oil is going into the arctic ocean. that is where a lot of tough action needs to happen and it's not just russia's decision here. a lot of those waters are international waters. so we are in an incredible moment in history where countries like russia and the u.s. and other arctic countries and nations can come together and actually make binding agreements to protect these waters. so that they don't just become dumping grounds for unregulated oil industries in russia and

other arctic countries. we saw this happen earlier this summer with a fishing moratorium, russia and the u.s. that gives me personally a lot of hope, that something can be done to regulate this, particularly in the next frontier which is the arctic. >> when hundreds of tons of oil are getting dumped into the arctic, is enough being done on that front? >> yes, so the arctic really do affect us all. it doesn't really matter where you are. at some point it's going to affect you whether it's oil spill or burning arctic oil which shell is trying to do in the alaskan arctic. what needs to be done before it gets to be kind of the wild west out there, moratorium on high

industrial commercial fishing in international arctic waters, we saw that happen earlier this summer and putting a ban on oil drilling in those same waters. if we don't have arctic nation he doing that now in venues like the arctic council it is going to become much, much more difficult. it takes leer leaders like prest obama. >> the u.s. isn't blameless. the wall street journey reports there was a leak a day, but the u.s. has in a year what russia has in a day. so a pretty big difference. is enough being done in the u.s. to safeguard appliance? >> it's easy to say russia doesn't regulate its oil industry but we have an incredible irony happening, where a week before president obama announced his visit to

alaska to visit climate impacted regions, not enough is being done and that relationship was pretty cozy between shell and federal regulators, not enough is being done but we could continue to put pressure on president obama that offshore arctic drilling is the last thing we need to be doing if he cares at all about his climate legacy. cassidy, good to have you with us. thousands are flocking to edinborough, the massive fringe festival. stival.

>> now our global view segment with a look at how news outlets across the world are reacting to various events. the japan times writes, china must disclose the massive explosion in tienjin, other international companies that operate in tienjin may be forced to move if it cannot disclose rapidly. suggesting similarities to the 1997-98 asian crisis, the paper warns that finance officials need to be prepared because "the worst crises come without warning. the jordan times warns that the iraqi move to held former president nouri al-maliki ceafers thcoversmore risk of th,

first step towards overcoming bad policies and corrupt leaders of the past. the largest annual arts festivity, in edinborough, as charlie angela reports there is no invitation required, anyone can just show up and perform. >> reporter: edinborough is engulfed with performers who are using every nook and cranny of the city and every stunt to showcase their talent. there are no rules here or artistic limits. the festival is open to anyone with a story to tell and that makes it a unique environment. >> good morning reservations thank you for holding, this is bryce. >> bryce keeps coming back. >> how are you?

>> it attracts everybody like huge named comics, brand-new people waiting to be discovered. >> he started playing to empty seats but can now sell hundreds of tickets every night. >> i was discovered here. i won the bbc new comedian award in 1996, met producers and more important, edinborough is where i got good at what i do. you really have to push yourself here. >> more than 3,000 shows all trying to attract the same audience, all about how many fliers they can get out or how many posters they can stick up around the city. >> hello hello hello. >> amy is making her stand up debut at the festival in a tiny venue with a lukewarm crowd. >> catch phrases, you've never lived until you found yourself in a field of horses that are on

fire. [ laughter ] >> which is inappropriate pony club. >> she says she has to be in edinborough to get noticed, but will come away out of pocket. >> i will lose a couple of grand in the end. everybody makes money apart from the artist. >> artists are here to hone their craft and hopefully find an agent. >> people performing here right now will end up touring internationally. will end up in television, end up in films made by hollywood producers. >> the next best thing could be found in a lau launderette or oa street corner. break the bank but not their spirit. charlie angela, al jazeera, edinborough. >> finally, sharks are not the only creature in the deep, 3,000

feet below the surface of the gulf of mexico, tenticles, 100 feet long. i'm antonio mora, i'll see you in an hour. hour. >> [ ♪ ] >> you know people were dropping like flies. all of those lying closer to the plant. >> we are not seeing one thing from the plant, yet we are dying off. >> we are paying with our lives. >> lots of men, lots of money, you'll final prostitution, trafficking. >> you cannot promote a technology producing the most toxic substance on earth, and also protect the public.