cutting-edge technologies... >> you can look beyond the horizon and extend your reach. >> that could avert disaster while helping save the planet. >> i feel like i have a front row seat for some very dramatic changes. >> this is aljazeera america, live from new york city, i'm tony harris. desperate families on the trains in search of survival. a kentucky county judge rules against a county clerk. and the justice department issues its final report on the police in ferguson, missouri. communities responding to the public protests.

and we begin with the unprecedent humanitarian and critical crisis in europe as more refugees arrive across the continent, doctors with out borders have rescued 1700 refugees, and canada said that it did not receive an application for refugee status for the father of two boys whose bodies washedda shored. it had been reported that it had been denied. and for anyone thinking of making the trip to europe, don't. >> it was a day that started with elation, refugees running through doors, that suddenly unexpectedly opened. they thought they were going to be bound for australia and

germany, most with tickets, but this train traveled for more than an hour, and then this unscheduled stop. the police thought they were going to take them to a refugee camp. some dropped onto the rail line. the police moved in, this father resisted, all of the force that he could muster to pull the police away. it happened and enraged other eventually, the family was taken away. gradually it turned from anger to subdued anxiety, refugees posting notes on windows, chanting occasionally, no police, no camps. >> not for the first time in this crisis, there was

confusion, stress and sheer exhaustion. then the police moved again. >> these people have been here for more than two hours in a standoff. and now it appears to be ending because we're being forcibly ejected from the platform. we tried to stay here, and tried to board the train, and these people are calling for us to get on the train or at least stay here, but as you can see, there's no way we can stay here, because we're being forcibly removed from the platform. >> reporter: but this standoff hasn't ended. the police ensured that the media was away from the refugees, but still in the station. six buses parked nearby, the refugees crammed into stuffy, overheated carriages, remained defiant but powerless. andrew simmons, aljazeera, hungary. >> so the haunting photo of the drown syrian toddler who washed ashore in turkey has become a symbol of the refugee crisis.

today we heard from his father and refugees in vancouver, canada. and allen shockler has that story. >> a good life at all. two weeks ago, he said to me, can you buy me a bicycle? >> reporter: tima in tears at a press conference in british columbia. only her brother, abdullah, survived their small boat sinking. [ crying ] >> his wife told me a week ago, i'm so scared of the water. i don't know, if something happened. i don't want to go. and i said to her, i cannot push you to go. if you feel like you don't want

to go, don't go. >> reporter: eight others also drown, reports spread around the world. the biggest movement of refugees on the european couldn't net since world war ii. as hundreds of thousands of displaced syrians fled war and persecution. these pictures place a face on a growing human catastrophe. >> is there anyone who elsen precious? my children were wonderful. they would wake me up in the morning saying, daddy, let's play, and everything is gone now. >> he left iran 20 years ago, as a political refugee, worked in a bc hair salon for several years. >> it's arn unfortunately

situation that we see in the last days. it touched all of our hearts and we're back in the news again, but the killing never stops much. >> he called the situation a world crisis, and he wants all countries to help. >> the european union is doing the best they can, but the question is why are they not going to the countries where they're being told we love you? the countries of their own religion? >> reporter: as the rest of the world struggles with the misery of the mass exodus, in turkey, a father is at the morgue. >> i just want to sit next to the grave of my children and wife and rest. >> reporter: he says that he intends to take the bodies of his wife and sons to syria, no matter the danger, to be buried in their hometown. >> the thousands of refugees have made the dangerous trip to europe this year, and more keep coming day-by-day.

refugees are still preyed upon by human smugglers and pirates. and sheila, who are they after? is it simply about money? >> reporter: hi, tony, it's a good question. no one is quite certain who these pirates are, these masked commandos preying on the dingies of refugees from turkey to the greek islands. since the spring and the early migration began to pick up, there had been repeated reports of these masked men who sometimes steal money, and sometimes beat people and sometimes threaten them with death. and sometimes teal the engines on the boat and sometimes steal the gasoline. harassing people as they try to make that journey, and it's very clear that neither the greeks, the trucks, or the international community have done very much to track down who is there. >> what are they doing? are they doing anything to try to stop these attacks? >> reporter: it doesn't appear that they're doing very

much. there have been one or two arrests, and it's not clear who is responsible. some of those refugees say that on occasion, those that had attacked them have been members of the greek coast guard or the turkish coast guard. we have pictures of the turkish coast guard using water cannons on overcrowded inflatable dingies, crowded with men, women and children in a bid to force them to stop. and we have seen that happening, and we have eyewitness accounts of that happening more than once, and eyewitness accounts from eyewitnesses and we have jeez who say that it was greek coast guard who punctured their boats. but the greeks and the turks say that neither of them are responsible, but there's not much policing going on. >> what should countries do to help these refugees? >> well, there's no monolithic

view in europe itself on what to do. there are individuals like the 10,000 ice landers who came forward and said, actually, we'll take a lot more than the 80 syrians that the government says that we're prepared to take. there are different views within the european states. because europe can't come to an agreement, they have not been able to do anything that would in any way stop the flow and help protect people f they chose to, the european union could begin to process refugees, like turkey and lebanon and jordan and help them find safe passage to homes in europe, but europe hasn't done that, so you see all of chaos and collapse of borders and complete lack of understanding of what to do and how to help. >> the big meeting scheduled on the 14th, an emergency meeting, and sheila, i know that you'll have more on this tonight. we'll look for that report.

sheila vicar. thank you. and in malaysia, at least 15 people were killed when a boat carrying migrant workers capsized. and officials crews are searching for people still missing. officials say that people onboard were likely people working illegally in malaysia. in kentucky, kim davis is spending the night in jail. the federal judge found her in contempt of court for refusing to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. john is in ashland, kentucky, and john, i'm not sure many predicted what happened today. >> reporter: you are absolutely spot on, as always, and i don't think there's a single commentator here that seriously thought that we would be talking about jail time tonight. a compromise? yes, a fine? yes, possibly a big one, but jail, no way. just to prove t. here's a

picture right now of kim davis, who is no longer here at the federal district courthouse. she's down the road at the jail. and that is her mugshot this evening. but you know, tony, there's a lot surprising twist here, because the judge gave her a get out of jail free card today. he said, if you go back to work and do your job, i'll let you out. and she said no way. on the steps of the courthouse in ashlyn, kentucky, the face-off. those against same-sex marriage were so shocked that there was little to do but pray on the courtroom steps, and others shouted about why the other side doesn't get it, the language sometimes harsh. >> so the homosexuals intend to make it so that no one can disagree with them, or refuse them a service where you would have to endorse their

perversion. >> reporter: the case against kim davis was brought by the aclu, the judge said that davis could issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples if she wanted, but chose not to. flying in the face of the high court's historic june decision, legalizing same-sex marriage. if you give people the opportunity to choose which orders they follow, that's what potentially causes problems. judge benning told davis that she could avoid jail, and she was taken away by marshals. >> these laws need to be obeyed. and the judge made that very loud and clear today that the laws need to be followed. >> five of six deputies in court, agreed to marriage

licenses, the one holdout, her son, nathan, and that means that it's likely to come down on hill friday morning. kim davis telling the judge, she would rather stay in jail than cooperate with the deputies holding out licenses. and the judge said okay. >> kim davis is the first, not violating her conscience, and she represents the best of us, and we should lamb he want that her freedom is taken away for doing what she believes. >> we have yet to hear from president obama. but the spokesperson said that people need to follow the laws of the land, and nobody is above the law, not even a county clerk from kentucky. >> john harris reporting from it ashland, kentucky. a judge ordering nine labs that deal with anthrax to stop working immediately. in may, it was revealed, the

army's dugway proving ground was shipping what was supposed to be dead anthrax all over the country, and turned out that some of those spores were able to grow, and problems were found at two of the other lacks. >> . >> two journalists were released from turkish prison. they were arrested last week, and accused of aid an armed organization. let's get to -- let's get to jamie mcintyre on this. he has more live from the pentagon. >> well, the issue for the pentagon is what is called it's law of war manual, creating quite a bit of controversy, and the pentagon insists that some passages of the manual have been misinterpreted and said that it has a long-standing respect for the role of journalists covering armed conflict. but the critics say that this

document is ill conceived and it gives the wrong message to authoritarian regimes around the world, already suppressing press freedom. last week, sentencing three aljazeera journalists to three years in prison. the idea that journalists, just doing their job, can be convicted of aiding terrorists, is what makes the pentagon's new law of war manual so alarming. one section seems to support that notion. while journalists are regarded as civilians, they may be deemed unprecedented belligerence. >> this means that they can hold them for any period of time. and if they accuse the journalists of providing any proof of acting in a manner that they believe fits the

category, belligerence, which is not well defined. >> the judge said that it's being mischaracterized. and the language in question does not apply to legitimate journalists. >> we're talking about any civilian who crosses that line and becomes an active combatant in wartime, takes action, and perhaps a gun fires a weapon. where they're taken aside and actively in combat. >> but the manual doesn't just apply to belligerence, but points out that it can be very similar to collecting intelligence or even spying. it says that journalists must act openly, and governments may need to sensor journalist's works so they don't reveal sensitive information. and editorialists argued that

that makes the journalist's "more cumbersome and to censorship. this is the pentagon's standard to lower the bar for the way that journalists are treated, which sends a green light to a great many terrorist regimes and terrorist groups who are already acting in an aggressive manner toward the press. >> reporter: the pentagon said that it has a good record of respecting independent media on and off the battlefield. but the journalists cite two cases in particular. hussein, a photographer for the associated press, was detained in iraq by marines in 2006 and held for two years, and al hodge, an aljazeera camman, detained in 2001, by pakistani forces, while covering the u.s. defense against the taliban, and held for six years in

guantanamo. while the pentagon disputes its law of war freedom, it hears the criticism loud and clear. >> we have heard from a significant number of journalists and journalist organizations who have expressed concern, and we saw the article in the new york times for example, and i think that it's fair to say that the folks who put this manual together, as they are with every aspect of this 1200 page manual, are open to concerns and criticisms, and ideas for improvement. >> the pentagon said that it's law of war manual is meant to advise the lawyers, who advise the commanders in the field, and it is not itself a legal document. if it needs to be clarified so it's not viewed as putting journalists at risk, then it will be. >> okay, he's our national security correspondent. jamie mcintyre. donald trump pledges allegiance to the gop.

and a former clinton aid wants to reportedly plead the 5th about her email, but edward snowden is talking about it to aljazeera. the violence after the shoot being death of michael brown.

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and the house is investigating the 2012 attacks in benghazi libya, has issued a subpoena for brian pagliano. and while secretary of state, pagliano worked on clinton's campaign, and held to set up the private server. nsa whistle blower, edward snowden is speaking out on aljazeera's new show, up front, and snowden speaks out on bringing him back to the united states for trial. and we asked snowden about the classified emails that we just mentioned. >> how about hilliary clinton, former secretary of state, she accused of helping terrorists with nsa leaks, and now she's being accused of classified data on our email. and how would you describe hilliary clinton now? >> this is a problem, because

anyone as secretary of state knows how classified information should be dealt with. and if an ordinary worker at the intelligence agency or anyone like that were sending details over unclassified email systems, they would not only lose their job, but they would very likely face prosecution for it. >> that's an interesting take, and hasan joins us, and we heard what he had to say about hilliary clinton, and what about donald trump? >> scathing coming from him, and also, the do donald, who has called snowden a total traitor and he would execute him. and i asked what he said what president trump might do to him? and his question was, how can

you take trump seriously? so i'm waiting to see if he'll respond to snowden. >> since fleeing the united states, snowden has taken refuge in russia, and what did he have to say about president putin? >> reporter: he walked the fine line on that, and he has refused to disclose his praise of russia. when he arrived, he praised russia for standing up against human rights of violations, but he did talk good their surveillance, and he said that putin's brand was authoritarianism. and will that be enough to shut up snowden's critics? i'm not sure. >> many consider him a fugitive, and does he fear coming back into the united states to face justice? >> he said that he does want to

come back home and face a fair trial. he thinks under the espionage act, he would have a show trial. and he said that he hasn't been offered that guarantee. >> you talked about the new program. and to everyone watching us right now, you have another terrific show called head-to-head. >> head-to-head in the uk, but up front in the u.s. of a. and what more can you want? >> good to see you. my pleasure. you can watch this episode of up front with hasan and many other episodes at aljazeera.com/up front. and still to come on the program, farmers bring paris to a standstill. 1,000 farmers clocking up the city of lights. tens of thousands of people are forced to flee to europe.

>> welcome back, everyone, to aljazeera america. the world was shocked by a picture of the body of a syrian child that washed up on a turkish beach. picture is putting more pressure on british prime

minister, david cameron. his government has been criticized both nationally and within his own party. simon mcgregor wood has more. >> reporter: it was on the front page of every newspaper. it could change the national debate and put david cameron's tough stance under real pressure. on thursday, he said that he was deeply moved by the image, and the uk was aware of its responsibility, and he was not changing policy. we need a comprehensive solution, we need a new government in libya and need to deal with the problems in syria. the people that are most responsible are president assad in syria, and the butchers of isil and criminal gangs running this trade of people. and we have to be as tough on them at the same time. it's not clear if it will lead to a change in public opinion.

but the tipping point. >> slowly, that human side of this tragedy is coming through to us, and i'm glad in a way because it means, i hope, that we can begin to tackle this as an existential human crisis now. >> reporter: britain has only taken 5,000 syrian refugees since 2011, though it claims that it spends over $1 billion a year in aid. it's responsibility is crediting international. >> great causes sometimes need iconic images. image tells us what we didn't know already. but if we are feeling worried, anxious, guilty, then a really heart-wrenching image like that and change something in the upper atmosphere of what i call the nearly consciousness. and i think this picture of a little dead child being brought

ashore has done that. >> . >> the british partly, comes back next week. and you have to listen to the policies. david cameron said that he will keep the situation under review, and what he does may depend on the political pressure, and the cynics say that that will depend on whether the british attitude has really changed. aljazeera, london. >> rosh, aljazeera's syrian contributor and a global fellow for the project of the study of the 1st century. rosh, it has been a long time. and the united nations calls syria the worst humanitarian disaster since the cold war. and what are the chances that this photo of the child changes

anything? >> well, you know, tony, i think that one of the saddest things about the photo, aside from a fact that this is a child who lost his life, is the fact that there are tens of thousands of other civilians, including children and women who have been killed in syria, and because they have been out of sight, and in many aspects, they have been out of mind. this photo reminds us that there's no escaping the war in syria. syria geographically is just too close to europe, and people will continue to do this. and no matter how europe reacts, whether it's the generosity of germany, or the racism of hungary, the refugees will continue to risk their lives to escape imminent death. >> but rosh, let me come back to the question. does the poet and the impact of

it, undeniable, does it change anything regarding the international debate on a, how to handle the refugees in europe, or b the internationallest to end the civil war in syria? anything? >> you know, i think, i hope this may be the silver lining in this photo, because now europe is sort of facing the reality. this summer has been the worst summer so far in the past four years for refugees arriving in europe and putting the sort of pressure on the european union. this pressure will continue to rise even as temperatures go down in the fall and in the winter, but be rest assured next spring, it will be just as bad or worse, and i think that the europe union is finally grasping this, and david cameron wants to focus not only on resettling the refugees, but resolving the war in syria.

maybe this is going to be the pivotal point for the international community to get onboard and find a solution. >> so here's -- maybe i'm the only one viewing this through this lens, and i'm not really sure of my position on this, but i'm going to throw this out at you. you're a journalist. you've been in the middle of this. publishing this picture before the boy had a name, before his family had been found or notified without asking permission, do you have a problem with any of this as a journalist? when horrors like this are shown, do we run the risk of having people run the risk of looking away and not coming back, when we need more people engaged in finding solutions to the struggle in syria? >> reporter: you know, funny you should ask, but as journalists who cover this sort of conflict, to be honest, we have all sorts of problems with this conflict. and this photo does not even

begin to describe the issues we face. >> that's a great point. >> yeah. but we can't forget that syria has been the first time unfolded, in the whole entire world, so publishing photos, i don't know what to tell you. this is just -- >> i'm not clear on it, but it bothers me a bit. i'm not clear on where i stand on it, and patient it doesn't even matter. one more for you, why are not more syrian refugees fleeing to it gulf countries? is there a perception that many of the gulf states have unwritten restrictions that would make it difficult for syrians to be granted a visa in those countries? >> that's an excellent question.

the gulf countries, specifically saudi arabia, are directly involved in the war with syria, and they finance the rebels directly, unlike the european union. i'm sure that a lot of syrian refugees would like to flee to the gulf countries, but physically, it's impossible. they would have to crossover jordan and that's a sealed border and crossover to saudi arabia, and that's not possible. there's no human trafficking going across there. >> rasha, syrian contributor and global fellow with the project of the 21st century. good to have you on the program. conflicts in the middle east and south africa are having a huge impact on education. violence is preventing 13 million children from just going to school. and more than 9,000 schools have been damaged or destroyed. and more than 700,000 syrian

refugee children are unable to go to school. following the death of michael brown, the report says that police an tag knifed demonstrators and issued orders that infringed upon protesters first amendment rights. lori is there with it. >> reporter: tony, the police chief asked for the assess. last september, and the department of justice agreed to look at the first 17 days after michael brown was killed. and they came one the lessons learned after the protests. in august of 2014, the tiny midwest city of ferguson, missouri, erupted with frustration over the police shooting of an unarmed black teenager. the death of michael brown sparked protests, and 50 agencies, some using military

style vehicles, sniper weapons and tear gas. it's a response that's being criticized for being uncoordinated with inadequate communication, according to a new department of justice assess many. assessment. >> everything was in pretty much plain sight. >> 27-year-old bo dean was in the middle of the unrest between the height of the clash and the protesters. >> we were on the sidewalk protesting, and they brought the tanks out and they started shooting teargas and beanbags at us. >> reporter: it was in the first 17 days after brown's death that analysts found room for improvement, what they called lessons learned. report said inconsistent leadership, who was in command, a reaction to the response with limited planning, and the use of ineffective and inappropriate strategies.

some that used escalated tension, like the military vehicles using snipers to remove protesters from the streets. but the report found that officers faced unprecedented levels of abuse, like spitting and gunfire. it took a toll on many ferguson officers. >> it's on youtube, an african-american facing an officer in the midst of a group of people, being called racist names, and being tormented at the time. and they made those decisions in what they thought was the best in public safety. >> reporter: the report was found to be a lack of communications from the public, ahead of the protests. analysts hope that the finds will help police departments around the country learn so they too can better prepare and train for the challenges that may lie ahead.

the >> reporter: and tony, the purpose of the report was not to put blame on any one person or lay responsibility with any one department. but really, to turn this document into a learning document that could be used by 16,000 police departments across the country. >> lori, thank you. and you can see more of lori's reporting tonight at 7:00 pacific. after weeks of keeping the republican party guessing, donald trump signed his party's loyalty pledge, saying that he will support the gop candidate who wins the nomination, whoever it is. >> so i will totally be pledging my allegiance to the republican party and the conservative principles for which it stands, and we will go out and night hard, and we will win. >> aljazeera political correspondent, michael shore joins us from los angeles, and just last month, trump was

refusing to sign the pledge, and what has changed? >changed >> reporter: well, you know, tony, all of a sudden, donald trump actually believes that he can win the nomination, and to do that, he has to playe little bit under the rules of the party in which he's trying to run. there are real reasons to do it, and practical ravens, and one of them is, they will not let himot ballot in certain states, south carolina among them, if he does not sign this pledge. and the other side of this, and you don't hear too many people talking about this, but because he believes that he's going to be the nominee, this is a defense for him too. so it prevents the other 16 people to not run against him, and they signed it too. >> how serious is this pledge? does it come with hugs, a commitment? could trump go against it later on? >> well, it's donald trump making a pledge, and donald trump if he wants to can find a

reason to go against it. he can say because he's donald trump to say, wait a second, you didn't play fair, you guys are losers, and i don't like you it, and i'm going to break this pledge. he can do whatever he wants, and it's not in stone, and he won't be carted away from breaking the pledge. and they don't like him anyway, so he doesn't care about upsetting them. >> has there been a reaction to this? have the other candidates signed onto the pledge? i suppose the answer is yes. >> yes, the other candidates have signed on, and chris christie did it today. and i think that the part that he's missing is the embrace of the party. he can get more of an embrace by doing this from the previous leadership of the party. but still, it's like everything with donald trump, it's a show. he made a press conference out of this, and next to him, he had the indonesian speaker of

the house, and nobody understood that either. there's a lot that's different about donald trump in this campaign. >> all right, appreciate it. michael shore, joining us from los geles. good to see you. in graduate graduate, the former president, otto molina is being held for corruption charges. perez molina appeared in court today. and the prosecutors are accusing him of taking millions of dollars in bribes from countries, and thousands of guatemalans have teamed the protests in recent months, commanding that the president step down. it was a bizarre sight in paris today, thousands of farmers blocking the boulevards, protesting the rising costs. >> it's milking time at this dairy farm in northern france. he has 150 cows, and he does

most of the work himself with help from his family. but despite working from dawn to nightfall, he finds it increasingly hard to get by. >> i love my work, but the future looks dark. if you can't make a living from your work, then your heart doesn't beat when you get up in the morning, it's unbearable. unbearable. >> it's a familiar story for the farmers all over france, which is why they have rolled into paris on their tractors to protest the rising costs and falling prices for their products. many of the problems facing the farmers are global. but they say that all of the taxes and rules and regulations imposed by the french government are making it even more difficult for them to compete in the marketplace. and when farmers complain, the government listens. the agricultural lobby is powerful in france. politicians ignore it at their peril.

>> we must urgently respond to the problem of debt, the heart of the problem, moratorium will be given to farmers, and this is on behalf of the banks and the state. >> he drove through the night to reach paris, and he said that the trip has been well worth the effort. [ speaking french ] >> people are on the side of the road, applauding us, and some people have come up to us to say, we support you, we understand you. don't give up. that fills me joy. >> reporter: but the farmer's campaign doesn't stop here. they have other grievances, this time aimed at the european union. they want changes to farm quotas and regulations, and they will be taking those to brussels next week. jackie roland, aljazeera, paris.

>> coming up next, why more americans are representing staff jobs, and becoming independent contractors. >> i'm on lake erie, why water quality experts say that it could be a bad year for pollution in the great lakes.

>> the august jobs report will be released tomorrow. economists are releasing gains, and while critics agree that the numbers are a good measure of the workforce, they're not taking into account of the growing number of americans working in the so-called gig economy. ali velshi is here with it. >> reporter: this is the big change. in the old days, ten years ago, if i told you we would be creating more than 200,000 jobs a month, and unemployment was going down, you would say that was fantastic. but that was in the old steady employment economy. and today the gig economy is a growing number of americans who no longer hold a regular job. they don't have a long-term connection to a particular employer. it has been hard to quantify how big the gig economy is.

but it says 31% of u.s. workers now see themselves as free agents, and they identify themselves in so many ways. independent contractors, freelancers, temporary workers, and some are small business owners, moonlighters, and the common denominator among all of them is multiple sources income. they claim that they're doing it willingly, and they prefer to not be tied down to just one boss. 10% say that it's because they couldn't find steady work, and it's half as many as they conducted the gig study in 2011. most said that they were doing it, but not willingly. >> are there industries that have them over freelancers or

giggers? >> in it, in education, these are industries that the experienced workers or stem products, science, engineering and nath. market. and the biggest are young people, or older with experience. 36% of baby boomers identified themselves as free agents, 26% of millennials, and this comes at a time when gig employers are feeling some heat. uber is in trouble because it classified driver as independent contractors. and a california judge awarded them a class action lawsuit against the company, saying that uber should pay them as employees. this is a conversation that you and i were not even having ten

years ago. >> disruptive, that's for sure. and what else is on onin ontarg? >> this is a time when we are looking at training, electronic computer trades that we have been looking at in the last weeks. so we're looking at that deeper. >> great to see you, brother. and thank you. you can watch ali velshi right here on aljazeera america. researchers say that planetarity is home to more than 34 trillion trees. that number is eight times higher than previous estimates. yale used satellites and computers for their global tree census. they found 420 trees for every

person on arbitrate. but they also pointed out that earth was once home to 6 trillion trees, and that number has decreased by half. >> . >> one of the great lakes is wrapping up another green summer. there's potentially toxic algae growing in lake erie. last year, the officials were forced to shut it down for drinking water. >> reporter: each summer, a growing underwater forest of toxic algae suffocate lake erie. and he says that he's doing everything that he can to stop that. >> the fertilizer runoff, tall grass on the st. mary's river. making sure that he doesn't disturb the soil, and after he harvests it, he replants the fields with high grass. >> it's specifically designed to keep everything from washing

off the soil. >> exactly. >> when the city of toledo declared it's water unsafe for drinking last year, conservationists put much of the blame on farmers like him. they said that the estimated two-thirds of the phosphorus and other chemicals came from farms. >> it upset me personally, because i'm trying to do all i can to keep the soil out of the river. agriculture is part of the problem, i'm not going to deny that, but urbanization, and industry, and there are other people that dump things into the river. >> he might have a point. when we watched conservationist, sandy bin, test the water in the river, before, it was 5 parts per million, and after that, it tripled. >> this one is 15. on the phosphate, the first reading was 5, and this one is 15. >> none of them disclose any

sources of the pollution. in chesapeake bay, on america's east coast. >> you can't put it into the water. and we need to look at all of the places to see how much reduction we can get at the lowest cost to bring the lake back. >> heavy rains do not help. this might be a particularly bad summer for algae blooms. they wash over the side of the river, and you can see that the water has encroached into the tree line. that has taken soil into the river, and it feeds into lake erie. as the shallowest of the great lakes, erie is the first to develop algae blooms. 20% of the world's fresh water. until the surrounding states don't start to report where the sources of pollution are, lake

erie will continue to choke on algae. >> for a look at what's coming up at the top of the hour, erica pitzi is here. >> showdown over same-sex marriage, a kentucky county clerk thrown in jail, and she's refusing to cooperate. what happens next? and how her colleagues are helping. refugee crisis. decisions still remain in europe. chaos at train stations and drowns in the mediterranean. many believe that the controversy is at a tipping point. the criticisms that many there are facing. capturing the emotions of so many, photos of this lifeless child washed up on the beach have been seen around the world, but it's not the first picture that has highlighted human suffering. we'll look back at four photos that changed a nation and the world's perspective. and speaking of powerful images, a mural of pope francis

has captured attention in new york city. conceived for the pope's trip and the artists behind the creation. we'll have those stories in just a few minutes. >> i think that's right across the street. erika, thank you, and see you then. nfl league office said that it will appeal a ruling overturning tom brady's deflate-gate suspension. and this morning, a judge said that the league went too far banning brady for four games. he was accused of deflating footballs before the notorious championship game with the colts, but despite the appeal, brady is still eligible to play in the season opener against the steelers, that's a week from tonight. that's all of our time and thanks for being with us. i'm tony harris. if you would like a copy of any of the stories, head to the website, there it is, aljazeera.com. erica pitzi will be back in

just a couple of moments. and you have a good moment and we'll see you back here tomorrow evening at 7 p.m. eastern time. >> at one time i felt that selling cocaine was my purpose. >> as the amount of drugs grew, guns came in. >> the murder rate was sky high. >> this guy was the biggest in l.a. >> i was goin' through a million dollars worth of drugs every day - i liked it. it's hard to believe that a friend would set you up. people don't get federal life sentences... and beat them. >> they had been trafficking on behalf of the united states government. >> the cia admitted it.

♪ this is al jazeera america. i am erica pitzy in for john sieg siegelthaler. >> the kentucky clerk refused to issue same-sex marriage licenses. a judge said her faith is not a valid defense the. tipping point, the global refugee crisis, the growing wave of humanity. >> we see european leaders, among them, the