>> ung certaiuncertain times fo. could lead to the end of military rule. the administration could escalate the conflict. >> this is my life. i can't do anything else.

>> and nigeria's small scale gold diggers are told they must pay taxes. iwe start in germany where thousands of refugees have now arrived having made their way across the mediterranean and up through the balkans. they were held in hungary, rob reynolds is in munich where the refugees were met with a warm welcome. >> stepped on to german soil at last. for thousands those steps represent the successful finish to harrowing journeys stretching thousands of kilometers. germans gathered the stations to

cheer and clap. as refugees went through a temporary processing center set up outside. registering with authorities and applying for asylum. >> it's all running very smoothly in a very orderly manner. we have had several meetings with the crisis management team. the aid organizations are managing this in a very impressive way. >> german officials have estimated 800,000 refugees may arrive in the country before the end of the year. the refugees waited in line to register to receive new clothing water and food. some families seemed dazed. they spent many days facing hostility in hungary before finally being allowed to move on to germany. >> my house burn, i decide to go from syria i hope to find better

life here to me and my family. >> germany officials say the cost of absorbing the refugees may reach 10 billion eurozone thieuros thisyear. but german chancellor angela merkel says it can be done. ways to streamline the asylum process and set aside more funds for refugee shelters. those political actions lie ahead. but for now thousands of refugees are simply happy to have reached their long sought after goal, a warm welcome in a peaceful land. rob reynolds, al jazeera, muniic. >> for those refugees who have crossed into germany have come

from austria where there are many thousands of people waiting to get off. this is the town of nicholsdorf, between hungary and austria, hundreds of people have started to board trains that will then take them across austria and into germany. our correspondent in there who is there is mohammed jamjoom. and the contrast between the experience of the refugees in hungary and that which they are experiencing in austria couldn't be more stark, could it? >> oh, absolutely not, martine. in fact every refugee i've spoken with here, many of them waking up for the day, hoping to board the train behind us and get to vienna, all of them have said it's been so much easier

once they got into austria, they were provided with clothing blankets and tents, even though many of them have had to sleep outside, it couldn't be more different than the horrendous experience they had in hungary these past few days. so there is a real palpable sense of relief here this morning and we're starting to see some hope emanating from these refugees who have been through so much on their desperate journey. i met one lady from homs, syria, an english teacher, she told me she almost died, almost drown from going from turkey to greece. i want to tell you her story. for humsa the road has been longer and more dangerous than she ever could have imagined.

>> taisterrible terrible bad situation. >> nothing worse than the english teacher from homs syria when she and her husband found themselves on a boat that started to sink. >> i was standing on one laying and raising my son on the other one in order to get him up from the water because the water was still here. and the surface of the sea was up to here. >> rescued by the greek coast guard, humsa and her family traveled again to hungary. >> they took us to a camp as if we were in prison. >> but every set back, made her more determined to reach germany. >> yes yes try and do it because we tried three times in hungary to get to germany and we were

prevented. >> humsa said europe doesn't need to fear refugees like her. >> we don't want to take money or house or job not at all. >> having made it this far morale is growing. >> they are just a few steps away from hungary's border with austria just right over there. told me they are hoping they have now come close to the end of their desperate journey. once in austria they are all greeted by welcoming aid workers. >> does anyone speak english? okay. but for humsa the moment brings a can a thars is more complicated than she hacatharsid

imagine. >> i'm sorry for my family. they are still in homs. i wish they would be safe. i wish they would be safe from the war. >> i hope so. >> oh, we hope so, too. >> mohammed jamjoom, al jazeera on the border of austria and hungary. >> for many of the refugees the beginning of their journey is on the greek island of les brvegos. 25,000 of them there, it began when they tried to board a ferry without tickets. maing fromainly from syria iraqd afghanistan. refugees drown, 3-year-old ilan

his five-year-old galup and their mother were three of the many who died after their boat capsized. if the mother hadn't pate the smuggler the boys would still be alive. thousands rallied in paris to show the support for the refugees. protesters called more on the french government to help the syrian refugees who have made it to europe. one poll published on monday said that 56% of french people did not want its country to open its doors to more people. en australian president tony abbott says his country is not disposed to take on more refugees. at the expense of people from

other parts of the world. later on sunday the minister for immigration and border protection is expected to go to geneva for talks with the u.n. high commissioner for refugees. thailand's military appointed national reform council has rejected a new constitution. if it had have gone through it would have paved a way for a referendum and possibly end of military rule, prime minister yingluck shinawatra. a new committee will be set up to write another draft delaying elections until at least 2017. >> further away for thailand. outside parliament a few protesters wanted their voices heard. that's not allowed under the military deposit that seized

power in a coup last year. inside it was something of a farewell bash. a council hand picked by the army. their last task before being disbanded was to vote for a new constitution, a way for the army to consolidate and legitimize their power. >> the people in power they want to remain in power they want to call the shots. >> but the charter was thrown out. the reform council voted comprehensively against it. meaning the process goes back to the beginning. the draft constitution was widely condemned as undemocratic. but with its rejection the military government has excuse to delay yet again and extend its power. chosen by the army and yet still rejected it provoked suspicion that the whole process was a delaying tactic.

some say that longer the army and its supporters try to say in power the greater the risk of conflict. >> the conflict will not be resolved by relying on the rules of the game and that means it will tend to lead to either violence or maybe even another coup detat >> thailand's political uncertainty goes on. wayne hawaii, al jazeera, bangkok. >> we have a lot more here at al jazeera. weeks of political turmoil plus protests turn violent in nepal over the proposed changes to the

constitution.

>> "inside story" takes you beyond the headlines, beyond the quick cuts, beyond the sound bites. we're giving you a deeper dive into the stories that are making our world what it is. >> ray suarez hosts "inside story". only on al jazeera america. judge. >> hello again, let's look at the top stories. thousands of refugees are being taken over the hungarian border to austria, where they are put on trains to germany, where they can claim asylum. draft of a new constitution, if it would have passed it would have peafd the way t paved a wam

and possibly end to military rule. a wealthy businessman a former first lady and tuition comedian all among the presidential caints. to replace otto perez molina. none of these candidates receives more than 50% of the vote then the top two contenders, none offer the change that is desperately neaded at david mercer reports. >> veronica escobar is disillusioned by the politics. the 41-year-old mother decided not to vote. but when she saw the sweeping

changes she decided it was now the time,. >> if i don't participate in the elections i won't be able to really question the future and also i have to set an example for my daughter. i need to show her the importance of political participation. >> seven.5 million guatemalans are eligible to vote on sunday. many feel the same way as veronica. you would think people here would be spoiled for choice but many gaw guatemalans don't knowe natural choice. >> i have a well structured governance plan. i won't need to improvise. i have the leadership experience. that's my political advantage. >> translator: i don't belong to the traditional political class. what i'm going to do is fight that political class that is associated with corruption and

impunity. >> translator: we have a plan, based on the market economy, we are going to work hard in all areas of society. >> reporter: while some civic groups are encouraging quawt nag guatemalans to get out and vote, the election process is tainted with corruption, pressured to vote for certain parties, others said they received money in return for their political support. but for veronica she worries about her daughter's future and that means going to the polls and hoping for a better future. david mercer, al jazeera, guatemala city. close to the turkish border, morea is within a proposed safe zone put forward by turkey last month.

if the rebels lose the town it will be harder to clear i.s.i.l. from the area. u.s. secretary of state john kerry said that, discussing reports that moscow is basing its military involvement. kimberly halkett has more from washington, d.c. >> the secretary of state did express the enhanced military buildup that has been taking place in recent days. the concerns expressed by the state department is if in fact these reports are true, that this is troublesome in that it would escalate the conflict in the view of the united states, it would also lead to further loss of life, and it would also increase the refugee flow, a concern that is expressed by the united states. now we do know that in fact, the secretary of state has articulated that it is his wish that there can be a further discussion about this at the

united nations general assembly meeting that will be taking place later on this week, in new york. this is an annual meeting and always bilateral discussions that take place on the sidelines. secretary of state john kerry expressed his concern we understand about this, and hopefully can discuss this with his counterpart in new york later this week. coffins carried by an honor guard. the soldiers were killed on friday in a missile attack in which 45 soldiers from united arab emirates also died. part of a saudi coalition fighting yemen's houthi rebels. venezuela has allowed schoolchildren to cross the closed border with colombia. about 1500 colombians who cross

the border have been allowed through. president maduro said it was to crack crak dow down on cross bor crime. five people killed during earlier rallies. members of ethnic minority communities are protesting against the proposed new constitution. intoibsubina shrestha has more. >> shot dead. he was studying to be the first qualified engineer from his village and his family had high hopes for him. >> translator: my son got in the tent grade then got into engineering. i had hoped he would be able to go and work in the government. we had taken loans to educate him. now our hope is gone.

>> five young men died and dozens were wounded when police opened fire on protestors. they had been demonstrating to restructure nepal into a local state. police try redirect goods to the capital kathmandu. it led to fire and clashes. >> how account state treat us like this? >> shots were fired on tuesday, wounding many, including health workers. nepal is in the process of writing a new constitution and the most trorvel part i controvs how to draw new boundaries. back to the villages for their final good-byes. people here are emotional and angry. they say the police used

excessive force. the state ignored their demands. as the body is taken to his house neighbors can hardly contain his distraught mother. >> translator: my son, my life. what is my life without you? >> reporter: quit armed police force to go and work in the gulf as omigrant worker. same force that shot him down. in the past week, the government had imposed a occur if yo curfe. more and more people started pouring onto the streets. tens of thousands arrived on this river bank to witness the last rites. >> we don't want any talks with the government. we want implementation of what has been agreed and we want constitutional amendment. we are elected politicians from 22 districts but nobody has come

here for us. >> villagers have all arrived here in solidarity and as the bodies are taken to be cremated the crowds are in no mood to compromise. subina shrestha, al jazeera. it's been five years since the earthquake damaged the town, carolina malone reports. >> four and a half years ago, life in naraha changed forever as it was contaminated by radiation from the nearby fukushima nuclear plant. more than 7500 people were evacuated. now some of them are thinking about going back. >> while there are still uneasy feelings i still very strongly feel about returning back home. >> the government says the radiation is down to a safe

level. >> translator: the real construction work starts now. we should work as one to bring about the renaissance of naha. >> many people say the town is not livable. >> translator: the situation now is like using the house as a place to camp out. you can sleep here with utilities like electricity and water but how do we buy groceries for example? how could we possibly live here for an extended period of time? >> there's also a question of health and radiation safety. other areas the government wants to reopen are not safe says greenpeace. >> the forest can be not decontaminated it's practically impossible. only a tiny percentage of the territory is decontaminated and people who have an outdoor life in that area are pushed back, forced back actually, to live in

an area which is mainly still heavily contaminated. and that's unacceptable. >> the fukushima daiichi nuclear plant was hit by a tsunami in 2011. 70,000 people had to be evacuated. while some of them are happy to be able to go home, doubts still linger. it is no longer life as they knew it. caroline malone, al jazeera. >> the nigerian government says it's losing millions of dollars of revenue every year by illegal mining. now the government wants miners to hold over some of their wages. ahmed idris reports. >> mohammed has been working the mines for 17 years. he dropped out of school because he says his parents couldn't afford the expenses.

but soon he may have to look for another job because the authorities are planning to crack down on illegal mining. and he is not amused. >> translator: this is my life. i can't do anything else. if anyone wants to take this job away from me must give me a home a decent wage and all the comforts of life. >> reporter: most of the gold prospecting may be small scale and crude but the turnover for people like him is huge. a good day can fetch hundreds of dollars. and those are the dollars the government also wants. for a long time enforcement against illegal mining has been weak. but not anymore. now the authorities want him and hundreds like him to pay taxes on his earnings. >> paying taxes, will actually get logged because the miners

that are coming to zamfara given their own, actually there should be development in zampara. >> reporter: the federal government which has rights over natural resources like gold say operations are under way. most are unlicensed as such they hardly pay taxes. but the biggest challenge before the government is to get the main mining companies to pay. >> we can pay more taxes than the foreigners. because the foreign -- we want the government to stop foreigners from coming to nigeria for the mining and leave it to nigerians only to enjoy its wealth. >> for now that's not what the government wants to do. it wants to stop illegal mining

and bring in investors with the capacity to generate revenue and jobs in the sector. which means more difficult times are likely ahead for small time minors. mohammed idris. al jazeera. nigeria. illumination are a project for world wildfire fund. images projected on the iconic feature, to stress its importance to the global environment. the annual sand sculpting competition has been held in san diego, california. the four day event sees sculptors as far away from russia showing off their skills.

they expect some of the artwork to weigh up to 10 tons when completed. if you want to see admonish of those sand sculptures or indeed keep up with the day's news go to aljazeera.com. there's a lot of browrched information as well. background information as well. >> this is "techknow". a show about innovations that can change lives. >> the science of fighting a wildfire. >> we're going to explore the intersection of hardware and humanity, but we're doing it in a unique way. this is a show about science... >> oh! >> oh my god! >> by scientists. >> tonight, techknow investigates vaping. >> whoever bought this got way more than they bargained for. >> yes they did. >> it's everywhere... in clubs, street corners and cars. they say it's safe, it can help break the cigarette habit. >> if i had to say what is more