>> work to prevent climate change disaster. >> also coming up in the next 30 minutes. russia live at the center of a doping scandal shot down as moscow rejects allegations of state sponsored drug cheating among its athletes. aung san suu kyi insists she will call the shots in myanmar despite being barred from the presidency. greece leads the way as it

launches a fast trac track registration for refugees. and in seattle an alley made of chewing gum. we're making progress but we still have a huge amount of hard work ahead of us. those are the words of the french foreign minister as it's country prepares to host some of the most important climate talks in recent times. before that summit begins in just under three weeks, foreign ministers from around the world have spent three days trying to settle on a deal blueprint. the aim is to limit global warming to two degrees celsius. many scientists say anything above that will have destructive and crucially irreversible consequences right across the globe. the u.n. weather agency said

that greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere have reached a new high warning that the resulting climate change is already moving the world into unchartered territory. we have more now from paris. >> the goal of the climate summit in paris is to fix a limit on global warming. more more than 2 degrees celsius higher. currently the planet is heading to an increase of five degrees. and that would be catastrophic. >> 100 million people risk falling into extreme poverty if there are not immediate efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. >> and the u.s. secretary of state has spoken about the danger of climate change leading to conflict. >> we all need to insure that we're taking steps to prevent

competition, new competition from leading to conflict. the bottom line is that the impacts of climate change can exacerbate resource competition. threaten livelihoods and increase the risk of instability and conflict. especially in places already undergoing economic political and social stress. >> given the urgency of the problem, french officials are saying there is an absolute obligation to reach an agreement in paris next month. and as host of the commit the french also have a lot of prestige at stake. in order to reach a deal individual countries have to commit to curb their emissions from burning fossil fuels. this is a big challenge since economies all over the world are still heavily reliant on coal. switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy is the goal, but that costs money.

poorer countries want the developed world to give them financial help so that they can invest in clean technology to cut their greenhouse gas emissions. urgency means that we are coming to the possibility to turn the emissions that have continued and still continue today to increase. we have to get them to the point where they turn the corner and begin to decrease. >> so the message is clear. if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, global warming will pass the point of no return. the clock is ticking for world leaders to reach an agreement. and implement it. jacky rowland, paris. >> the russian government has begun fighting accusations that it operated a fast a state sponsored doping program for its athletes. the kremlin is questioning

whether russia should be suspended from athletics. >> rain fell on the olympic complex on tuesday fitting weather for the current mood. this show piece venue is a legacy from soviet days when doping scandals were common. those days seem to be back, and russia could soon find itself cast out of world athletics. >> of course, it would be a an enormous blow. we must work in the interest of our sport. >> the russian athletics federation has until thursday to respond to the allegations of state-endorsed doping, and iaaf council decision on whether to ban russia is expected over the weekend. it's a move some top athletes would support. >> i do think that it needs to be strong action now.

never has it penalized an individual athlete, but in this case it's a step that has to be taken. >> in the world of doping allegations there has been a siege mentality. this build was the address of the doping laboratory which wada has stripped accreditation. it is here they would pay bribes to have their contaminated samples disappear. security sent us away. and russia's doping agency implies that the report contains a hidden anti-russia agenda. >> this was no special news for us, but some of the questions have a special sharpness to them and were politically loaded. >> it's perhaps difficult to feel anything but gloom on this

bleak, damp day but this sports journalist is trying to be optimistic. >> i think we should now go the same way that we went in the football ten years ago. we should appoint independent head of anti-doping system to exclude any of this kind of allegation. >> but it was the paper that has called the publication of wada's reports perhaps the darkest day in history of russian athletics. rory challands, al jazeera, moscow. >> aung san suu kyi again insisted she'll be in control of the incoming government. results still coming in from sunday's historic election show her nld party is heading for a resounding win. but the pro-democracy champion is constitutionally barred from becoming president.

she placed herself above the role of president. >> in any democratic country it's the winning of the--it's the leader of the winning party that becomes the leader of the government. we need to proceed along usual democratic lines. >> why should it effect the functions of the government? because there will be a government that will be run properly. the president will be told exactly what he can do. >> the observers say that myanmar process was not flawless but it has been free of major irregularities. >> she's one of the new faces of politics in myanmar. she was a political activist turned successful business woman now soon to be a member of parliament for the national league for democracy. >> this is not the end of the journey. it's just the beginning of the

journey to go for the better way for the society. she's also a face of hope where she beat one of the leading parties in the election on sunday. >> i think she can do everything for us. i believe she can fulfill every's wishes in this constituency. >> i voted for her because she can improve our lives. she can help to deliver better education and healthcare. >> there was much concern about the prospect of cheating. the rolling union solidarity development party is made up of many former generals who ran the country for half a century. many worried whether they really are willing to relinquish more control. observers say that while the election process wasn't perfect, it seems to have been free of major irregularities. >> the process went better than many expected beforehand. it is also true, however, that

more is needed, more reforms are needed to insure that truly genuine elections can take place in the future. >> the european union wants to see an end to the military being guaranteed a quarter of the seats in parliament. they're certainly on track to be able to form the next government but there are many challenges ahead. the army will remain a very powerful political force, and after enduring 50 years of dictatorship, a lack of trust in the military will take a long time to erode. the army will maintain control of three key ministries and have veto power over any constitutional changes. >> actually, this should be a concern of all of us because we still have to negotiate, and we have to make the compromise.

>> there will be questions for the ability to run the country. the areas where the results are being confirmed people are celebrating a change that they believe will lead to better myanmar. >> slovenia is to build a fence on its border with croatia in ant attempt to stem the influx of refugees and migrants. ththe barriers will be used to direct refugee flow rather than stop it. 170,000 migrants have crossed into slovenia in mid-october when hungary closed it's southern borders. meanwhile in greece the immigration service has launched a new fast track immigration process for refugees. 540,000 refugees have arrived on greek islands just this year. and as we have reports from lesbos, it has put a huge strain on the immigration system. >> the wait has been long, but

the journeys really only just begun. on lesbos refugees tired of borders find even more lines ever more tense. >> there is not enough food, especially for kids. and as you know the weather is cold during the night. >> this family came from afghanistan. they slept out here for two days. the one saving grace, i'm told, is when they were finally registered the process was surprisingly simple. >> just name, last name, father name, mother name, and the date of birth. and the gender. >> officials tell us that at this facility that's no accident. >> yesterday 1300. people were screened here. so we're making an effort to put as many experts here, as many

officers with interpreters so they can communicate with the migrants to speed up the process. >> with the u.n. expecting up to 5,000 refugees arriving by boat from turkey every day for the next four months, greece is bursting at the scams. it's why hopes are so high this hot spot pilot program will ease the burden that grows by the hour. by questioning screening an and registering refugees in one facility it will help the flow of this crisis. >> this is the hot spot registration center behind me. while we repeatedly asked we have yet to be given permission to film inside. although this structure feels imposing and many refugees we spoke to going in, many who have told us that the treatment inside was very humane.

>> greek policeman who is in charge of this registration facility tells me that it's success or failure will hinge often th--on the number of people arriving. >> when 3,000 or 3500 people arrive every day we can with the registration points we have register everybody easily. but when the numbers increase to 4,000 or more, we have problems. >> organizers hope that this pilot project can be replicated in other parts of europe to help speed up the process. but here the wait to get in grows longer as the refugees feel for a few more days caged in. al jazeera. lesbos, greece. >> you're watching al jazeera. still lots more to come on the program. we'll have the latest from syria as al jazeera's seiz sees evidence that cluster bombs are being used by russian forces.

and children who risk being separated from their foreign parents. we'll have more in just a few minutes. the only way to get better is to challenge yourself, and that's what we're doing at xfinity. we are challenging ourselves to improve every aspect of your experience. and this includes our commitment to being on time. every time. that's why if we're ever late for an appointment, we'll credit your account $20. it's our promise to you. we're doing everything we can to give you the best experience possible. because we should fit into your life.

not the other way around.

>> time now for a reminder off top stories on al jazeera. foreign ministers are in paris to discuss a deal to limit global warm to go 2-degree cellsous. they've agreed to points to be discussed in the meeting. a doping lab has stopped

running after losing accreditation. and greece process thousands of refugees every day. syrian government forces have in the city of latakia 22 people have been killed and more than 60 injured in two explosions. state tv said two mortar rounds hit the east of the city, a stronghold for bashar al-assad. we have the latest now from neighboring lebanon. >> undoubtedly a significant gains of the syrian government and it's allies. they've managed to lift the siege on the air base. this facility was besieged by isil for two years now.

soldiers have advanced in the base, joined up with forces inside, now they're trying to secure the facility. we understand isil is sending military reinforcement towards aleppo. will they launch a counter offensive? will the government be able to hold ground? well, this will we wil--we will have to wait and see. the government can siege this territory. we have to remember that there are many front lines in this war, and the government has not made much advances really on other front lines against opposition groups. and the very fact that mortars landed in the city of latakia, stronghold of the government, really, shows that the government was not able to push the rebels back. incidents like this have

happened in the past, but this was the first time that russia has militarily intervened into the conflict. the whole objective was to push the rebels back. we know that many civilians were killed and injured. the war is only intensifying as diplomatic conflicts continue. >> airstrikes have killed 15 people in douma near the capital of damascus. field hospitals are, and some are trapped in between buildings. al jazeera has seen evidence that russian forces operating in syria has been using cluster bombs. it's thought more than 200 of the weapons have been dropped in and around aleppo, which has been the scene of sustained

fighting. cluster bombs are banned under an u.n. treaty although russia nor syria has actually signed up to it. record audiences are expected to watch the fourth televised debate between the republican candidates hoping to be the next u.s. president. the scene of the debate is said to be the economy. alan fisher is there. al jazeera. this is the fourth one. it has been pretty exciting. a lot of people have been tuning in to these debates. who is most under pressure to forme? perform? >> this shows that people are engaged, interested in what's going on? jeb bush is the most under pressure. he has not performed well in the three previous debates. he has seen his support and backers move to other people particularly i in the last week or so. in the last debate he went out with the slogan "jeb will fix

it" well, he really has got to do it tonight. an average performance just isn't enough. it really has been on deathwatch for the last week or so. donald trump, many believe his campaign was a publicity stunt. he was on an iconic comedy show in the united states, and he has to be seen as a real president with real president ideas. candidates on stage, all have to perform well to keep themselves in the public eye to make sure that their poll numbers keep going up and make sure that backers are attracted to their campaign. >> there has been one presidential hopeful that's been in the public eilat, not just donald trump. even though it's going to be about the economy, who do you think will be examined?

>> they'll talk slowly about the economy or do they ask ben carson, who has been the frontrunner on the campaign all about the news stories circulated in the united state united states things he has said in the past. he said that the media has been really unfair. really the media has been putting him under the spotlight because he is the frontrunner. what will he talk about? he may address those issues, but they've got to look at the economy, taxation, and how do we create jobs, how do we deal with the infrastructure of the united states. it may be more focused than the last debate, which was also meant to be on the economy. but they'll have more time to talk about. one issue that will be talked about is immigration and anchor babies.

al jazeera's john hendren has been looking very closely at that issue. >> this is the face of what some u.s. presidential candidates call america's latest threat. >> because i'm born in the united states i'm 100% american. but i feel myself as mexican, too. >> jeanette and fatima was born here. that makes them united states citizens. their parents and their older sister were not. the republican presidential candidates have a word for that. >> the anchor babies. >> people are bringing pregnant women in to have babies to give birth right citizenship. >> we now take care of that baby, social security, medicare, education, give me a break. >> there are cases of foreigners bearing children in the u.s. for

citizenship, but in reality, they cannot help their family become legal citizens. they can't even apply for family members to join them until they're 21. and it takes years more if they're undocumented. the girls' older sister cannot legally work or apply to college. >> she's not allowed to go to colleges because she needs to be registered as an american here. i realize she has been struggling with that. and working hard. >> the talks and the presidential race. >> we're see a lot of, you're unfairly, i believe, demonizing a large segment of the population which is not just latinos but immigrants from all over the world. >> the 14th amendment said all persons born or naturalized in the united states and subject not jurisdiction therefore are citizens. it was added in 1868 just after the civil war. at the time the u.s. did not limit immigration.

so there was no concern for people entering illegally. the reason for the addition is that at that time slaves were not considered citizens, and this insured that their children would be. >> it effects us because we go to work and we don't know if we're coming back. every day we just pray that we can go to work and come home. >> each year u.s. officials deport as many as 30,000 parents with u.s.-born children like jeanette and fatima. >> the former chancellor of west generally helmet schmidt has died at the hing the age of 96. it was under his leadership that the west germany economy experienced rapid expansion. he was an advocate of the free market and played an active role in the economic debate later in life. the united nations says

extra judicial killings, torture and detentions are increasing in burundi, and it's warning that the u.n. is less well equipped to deal with the situation than it was rwanda before the 1994 genocide. it came on the same day that a burundi opposition leader was buried. observers say that some supporters were too afraid to attend the funeral. bali airport has reopened after ash from a nearby volcano forced the terminal to close for two days. favorable winds saw the ash cloud from the mountain blown away from the airport clearing the sky above the island. nearly 700 flights were canceled during the closure. now, here's something to chew over. an unlikely tourist attraction in the u.s. is set to be steam cleaned away. but as allen schauffler reports,

fans of the gum wall in the city of seattle say it won't stay cleaned for long. >> seattle's must-see tourist spot, the space needle, the free monday troll, bruce lee's grave, pike place market. and the gum wall. >> it's disgusting. >> it's seattle. >> the gum wall, 2,000 square feet of living, growing multi flavor art of the grotesque really two walls now. >> of alleys it smells the best. [ chuckling ] smells like wrigley spearment. >> dna from all over the world. >> it started as a place for theater patrons to park their gum as they waited for tickets. but it morphed into more. >> look at how much gum is on the wall. >> it has this everything is art and art is anything allure. and it's easy to participant.

chew it. stick it. you're part of something really special forever. >> lots of humanity. a lot of color. >> only it's not forever. after 20 years of spontaneous gum-bustion. >> so it's time. >> it's time. >> time for a thorough cleaning right down to the bricks. >> steaming. it's going to take three days. it's gotten to the point where we hired professionals. it won't an hard piece of gun any more. >> all of this participatory artwork from locals and visitors from around the world will melt away. >> does this speak to you? >> now that i know it's going away, i had to get down here. >> going away, but probably not for long. >> let's do a fresh start and then the gum wall will reemerge. >> so it will live again? >> absolutely. it will be back within 24 hours. >> i'm for it. >> this is a wall that seems

clearly not meant to be left blank. alan schauffler, al jazeera, seattle. >> you can find much more about that story and everything else we've been covering on our website. the address, www.aljazeera.com. >> this week on talk to al jazeera - the once high powered capitalist in russia turned human rights activist - bill browder. >> i had more than $1 billion, which was a huge amount of money-- in any circumstance, but certainly back then, and in russia. >> the financier had a spectacular rise with his investments quadrupling - but then browder began calling attention to corruption and crossed the wrong people. >> i was locked up overnight. and then i was deported the next day and declared a threat to national security, never to be allowed back into russia again. at that point it became obvious to me thatin