>> a century ago, albert einstein began working on his theory of relativity, ideas that would profoundly shape the modern world. >> one of the two russian figh fighter pilots said that turkey gave no warning before opening fire. the turkish government maintains that the russian planes violated their air space despite warnin warnings. >> murderers they chanted. many russians are angry with turkey and protests have occurred in the past hours. this was the turkish embassy in moscow. eggs were thrown. a few arrests made. >> this is the embassy of murderers in my opinion. of people who instead of being honest and trusted partners

showed their beastly grin. >> a russian pilot shot to death by turk men rebels while parachuting from its burning plane. but the russian jets' navigator had a lucky escape. >> he was safe. the pilot navigator. i believe he's already at our base, and he's like all the others involved in the operation including the rescue operation will include state awards. the ministry of defense has come up with this proposal, and the plane commander will be awarded posthumously. >> there has been no warning. no contact whatsoever. so we started the combat course as usual. keeping in mind the speed of the bomber and the f-16 fighter jet.

>> another proposal is put into action sending it's sophistica sophisticated defense missiles system to syria. russia wants to show that it has the ability to blow turkey's planes out of the sky, too. the kremlin has a tricky task here. but at the same time turkey is a nato member and so they will tread carefully. the attitude has not changed they just have questions about the action. in istanbul the president defended what it's military has done. >> nobody should expect us to remain silent when our border security is constantly breached. our legal rights and our right of independence are undermined.

we have no intention of creating this incident. we are only defending our own security and the rights of our brothers. >> turkey wants rush's air attacks on turk men rebels to stop. it insists that isil is not operate in that part of syria, and russia knows this. rory challands, al jazeera, moscow. >> as i mentioned turkey has released an audio recordings of what it says is it's warning to the russian fighter. [ playing of recording ] >> al jazeera's james bays is live are the latest. now from new york. james, the signs appear to be of both sides trying to calm things down, the turkish prime minister talking about russia as a friend and a neighbor, but the potential is there, isn't it,

for a massive diplomatic showdown not just between turkey and russia, but nato and russia? >> yes, this is a very dangerous moment, and it has been a very dangerous moment since this incident happened and the jet was shot down. despite the fact that there are angry words being exchanged and competing claims of what happened, everyone is trying to de-escalate the situation. i think it's worth to explain to you, jonah, when there is a row between two countries there are various stages that you can go to in some diplomatic protocol of these things. the first you can do is common in the diplomat from the other country to your foreign minister and give them a good talking to. well, that stage has happened. but after that you can recall your own ambassador for consultations to go back to the capital. you can even go further and cut off diplomatic links between the two countries. and even further you can threaten to take military action.

none of those steps are happening. and i think that's because it will be a very dangerous situation given the military power over these two countries. given the turkey is a member of nato. and because these two countries have a lot of business together. they have a lot of relationships, transactional relationships in terms of trade, tourism and energy. >> james, presumably the question now is it's very well that this thing has happened once. but there have been widespread concerns of this happening since russian entered the war in september. now the fear is that it could happen again, tonight, tomorrow, at any moment. >> that's the problem. right now they've really got to sit down and talk --i'm going to use the military word of deconfliction. when russia started it's air

campaign, as you say, as the end of the september, soon after that, in its days after that there were talks between the russians and the u.s. to try to make sure that this sort of thing did not happen. turkey is technically part of that u.s. coalition. but it seems that they're not really talking to the russians. they don't know what the russians are doing. no one is telling each other of their flight plans. this is quite clear from that audio recording that we heard earlier on. >> okay, our diplomatic editor james bays from new york. thanks, james. and russia's military activities in support of the assad government in northwest syria are concerning. we're in latakia with this report. >> the rain warplanes have carried out dozens of raids intense syrian opposition locations in the turkman mountains. the mountain of the kurds behind me has been targeted by the russian raids.

the raids with heavy shelling by the regime artillery unit supported by ground forces. the situation here is similar in the northern countryside where the regime forces tried to storm the area with heavy aerial bombardment. tens of thousands of people have been forced to leave their homes and head to this mountainous area facing severe cold and a bad humanitarian situation as winter sets in. >> isil has claimed responsibility for tuesday's bus attack in central tunisia which killed 12 presidential guards. tunisian authorities said that a suicide-bomber detonated a

device contained 10 kilograms of explosives. the prime minister and president said that their country is at risk at war with what they call terrorists. we have the latest now from the capital tunis. >> flowers at the scene of the attack. the wreckage of the bus has been removed. investigators are trying to work out how this could have happened. many tunisians want answers. >> the bomb went off in the middle of russia hour. the target appears to have been the presidential guard. the four members of the public were also injured. a dozen people lost their lives. that is way too much. tunisian people always find ways to recover from similar incidents, but we're not used to this kind of thing. the president has declared a state of emergency. this gives the police sweeping powers to arrest and detain.

it also means that people cannot protest or go on strike. >> the state of emergency is actually giving security forces as well as to be more flexible and more quick in terms of taking action. >> in a show of defiance the international film festival will continue its screenings. this musician said that tunisians must continue their way of life. >> the tourist industry has been badly damaged. they need tourists and investors to come back soon. that will be difficult after this. >> an increased security and "n" the country failed to prevent this latest attack.

they'll have to come up with a new strategy to deal with an armed group capable of hitting one of the elite forces in the country right here in the capital. >> french president françois hollande and germany's chancellor angela merkel have met. they expect to seek support from merkel. now after four days of lockdown, schools and the underground metro system has reopened. hundreds of troops remain on the ground. the police have launched a series of raids across the country in search of key suspects linked to the paris attacks. we have reports from the belgium

capital. >> after four days on high alert, brussels is tentatively lifting some of the most restrictions. most of the underground metro lines are open again returning a semblance of normalcy to the morning commute. people are still anxious. >> of course you have to be careful. at any moment something can happen. danger is everywhere. >> there is a heavy police presence with vehicles pulled over for random checks. every few minutes a reminder that this is a country hunting for the remaining suspects in the paris attacks along with people who may be planning more. >> as well as the metro system, schools and universities have reopen: the government has maintained the highest security level, level 4, which means that

an attack is viewed as imminent. the government said it is not just playing is safe, it is academying on credible intelligence. >> belgium has issued an international arrest warn for this man. he was seen driving a car used in the paris attacks. despite several raids and multiple arrests there is little progress in the manhunt for one of the paris gunmen. the police believe when he escaped after the attack, he may have still been wearing an explosive vest. as brussels university, students are arriving back on campus. armed police stand guard. and the main library remains closed. here students try to make sense of the change of global events that without warning has had such a big impact on their ordinary lives.

>> it is real. >> the alert level will remain at the maximum for another week. the price of keeping europe safe. many question how long this can last. neave barker, al jazeera, brussels. >> still to come on al jazeera. keeping the faith in kenya, thousands turn out to greet pope francis during his first visit to africa as head of the roman catholic church. protests in chicago after a police video is released showing a white officer killing a black teenager.

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>> the top stories here on on al jazeera. >> russia has ordered the roll out defense missiles, the system will be based at the latakia air base. isil has claimed responsibility for bomb tack on a bus where 12 tunisian presidential guards were killed. ten kilograms of explosives were used. an u.s. commander in afghanistan has said an strike on a doctors odoctors without borders

hospital was described as human error. it was described as a tragic, avoidable accident. joining us live in studio. >> these are human and procedural errors report determined as the operation proceeded, the u.s. commander through the jtac requested the aircraft to engage a building that the air crew mistakenly believed was headquarters. >> do you feel that an organization that you've been give now an adequate explanation by the u.s. military authorities of what happened in kunduz. >> well, right now we've been given some explanation, but i will say that it doesn't give us the confidence today to resume activity in kunduz.

we're more or less left with questions than answers at this stage. >> what sort of questions? >> we're basically left with a catalog of errors that led to the attack in kunduz. it could be personal, technical or procedural. i just returned from kunduz this week. if i have to go back and ask my staff can you resume duty, i don't have full confidence that it won't happen again. >> you feel that you cannot rely on authorities to not carry this out. and you talk about a war crime having been committed here. how far is your organization prepared to go to press for that investigation? >> well, the reality is for us is to say if we don't understand further what really led to this beyond errors, and better

assurances that it won't repeat itself, it is very difficult. right now i'm a physician, and when i think about it, let's say you have a doctor, and the doctor makes two mistakes on your child. and then you wondering should i ask for a second opinion. you're basically asking for a second opinion in this independent investigation that will make sure before we put all our trust in the u.s. and other authorities that we can resume activity in a safe environment in any war zone. >> now, i know that msf if it's own report as to what happened said that you repeatedly gave gps coordinates to both the afghan and u.s. authorities of where this hospital was, that it was a hospital, a civilian installation. presumably you will feel that you did all you could do to keep your people and your hospital safe 37 what more do you think could be done? >> it's very difficult at this

stage to figure this out until we find out more about what is going on in terms of--more of an independent look at what happened. but for us, you know, we've seen that engaging, keeping an open dialogue with all the parties are key to our safety in any war zone. >> in the sake of attack, what has been the impact on the grouped for civilians who rely on organizations like msf for care. what has been the impact on the ground losing this facility? >> well, the impact is tremendous. i visited this center in february of this year, i was so impressed that the quality of care, and the fact that it was giving trauma care to more tha

in the region. it was there for trauma care. >> we'll leave it there. thank you for joining us. >> thank you. >> yemen's president abd rabbuh mansur hadi has visited troops at an air base near the divided city of taiz. the third largest city is one of the main grounds between houthi rebels and government forces. there have been protests in chicago after u.s. officials released a video showing a white police officer shooting a black teenager several times. the officer has been charged with first-degree murder for killing lakan mcdonald. the police say he refused to drop a knife with the crowd

chanting "16 shots." andy, take us through in a little more detail, programs, exactly what happened. these events took place in 2014. >> right, that's the big problem that protesters have with all of this, really. why did it take so long, over a year, for this officer to be charged. the main prosecutor said that they just wanted to get it right, but protesters are not buying it. in fact, jonah, they have a big protest planned for this friday. they say they want to target the money on committee, on black friday, the biggest shopping day of the year they're going to be protesting through this corridor. they want people to know that they want this main prosecutor fired from her job because of the length of time it has taken to prosecute.

they want the main police chief booted out of his job as well. the police chief say that things have changed for the better in chicago. and they're trying to do their job as thoroughly as possible. protesters are not buying it. >> we'll have to leave it there. th >> 24 unarmed people were shot

dead in 1948. the u.k.'s highest court whacked the british government that the european human rights act does not have the right to hold an inquiry into deaths that happened so long ago. in the philippines a thousand families have been left homeless by a mastiff fire. the helicopters dropped water on the blaze in the outside skirts of manila. the fire spread quickly and could not be immediately distinguished due to poor access to the area. saudi arabia has been hit by heavy flooding with one person confirmed dead. the schools are closed for a second day with large areas of the city underwater. the civil defense agency reports one person killed around 100 kilometers from the capital. eight people have died in heavy flooding in western saudi arabia. now 2015 is likely to be the

hottest year on record. the annual announcement was made earlier than usual so it could be discussed at next week's u.n. climate change conference in paris. two main reasons have been given for the global warming. greenhouse gas emissions and the el niño weather event taking place over the pacific. >> next year is likely to be warm again because when you have an el niño, the statistically the impact of he wil el nino is not just on this side but the other side for three, four, five months. >> albert einstein revolutionizing our understanding of the universe. we have followed the einstein

trail to switzerland, where the young scientist did the groundwork for his latest discoveries. >> einsteins theoriel relativity continues. it added the force of gravity to the equation, predicted how to see life and the passage of time. this has been widely observed by telescopes and have allowed astro physicists to figure out that the university is made up of inadvisable dark matter. >> the analysis of dark matter comes because of einstein, and we can quantity fight how much matter there is in the universe.

>> einstein's equations are the basis of global positioning technology used for smart phones and navigation. there are other technologies that he helped to develop. the equations presented by einstein in 1915 changed forever our understanding of the physical world. from gravity, light, the passing of time to the existence of black holes. it was also the beginning of a period that would see him become a superstar, one of the most well-known thinkers of the 20th century. [ explosion ] >> after initially supporting the development, einstein later campaigned against nuclear weapons. he was also a vocal supporter of human and civil rights. >> those were topic that is really moved people all over the world. he had credibility.

he had the pop star looks, also his personality. i don't think that he intended to be a pop star, but he really fit it perfectly well into this need for a pop star. >> einstein's theories will had a philosophical side one he often expressed in the tens of thousands of personal letters he wrote. >> everybody realized that the things we do every single day are permanent part of the university from that moment on. i think maybe everybody would treat each other a little better, and try to make sure that they were making a mark on the universe that they were proud of instead of one that would i a embarrass them. >> they would try to comprehend the mysteries, life, the structure of reality. the important thing he said is to never stop questioning. al jazeera, bern.

>> don't forget you can tr find much more on our website. there is expert analysis, blogs from our correspondents from around the world. www.aljazeera.com. www.aljazeera.com. this week on talk to al jazeera musician and activist, moby. >> glamorous dating, going to the right parties, et cetera, these can be fun, but they're not. they won't sustain you. it's like junk food or cocaine. >> he went from being a relative unknown to one of the most important electronic dance music pioneers. moby has made more than a dozen albums. the singer-songwriter has another set to come out in 2016. >> quite electronic, very song oriented.