>> hello there, i'm jonah hull. this is the news hour live from london. coming up one of the pilots of the downed russian fighter jets was given no warning, but a proves otherwise. the u.s. admits that human error was behind the bombing of an afghan hospital that which would 30 people. isil said it carried out a suicide-bomb attack that killed 12 people in tunisia on wednesday.

>> ahead. >> in bern, switzerland, albert einstein worked on his theory of relativity, ideas that shaped the modern world. >> we'll have the latest from all the championship league where under roa pressure, real madrid. >> turkey has again insist insisted it gave repeat warnings to russian fighter pilots before shooting down it's plane. but they're telling a different story. there was no warning, the pilot said after rescued. but turkey realiz released audio recordings that said

"change your heading." foreign minister sergei lavrov said that th situation was a planned provocation. rory challands reports. >> murderers, they chanted. many russians are angry with turkey. this is the turkish embassy in moscow. eggs were thrown, a few arrests made. >> this is the embassy of murderers, in my opinion. instead of being honest and trusted partners, they showed their beastly grin. >> a russian pilot shot to death by turk men rebels while pair smooth shooting from his plane. a marine also dies and a helicopter was destroyed. but the russian navigator had a lucky escape. >> he was safe. the pilot navigator. i believe he's already at our base. he's like all the others

involved in the operation, including the rescue operation who have received state awards. the ministry of defense has come up with this proposal, and the plane commander will be awarded. >> later the navigator appeared on russian television to give his account. >> there has been no warning, neither on the radio, nor visually. there has been no contact whatsoever. so we started the combat course as usual. [ playing recording ] >> another ministry of defense proposal is being sent.

the kremlin has a tricky task here. vladimir putin has called a treacherous stab in the back. at the same time turkey is a nato member. that's reason enough to tread carefully. foreign ministry sergei lavrov said that russia does not intend to go to war with turkey. the russian attitudes have not changed. they just have questions about the actions of turkey's leadership. in istanbul turkey's president defended what it's air force has done. >> nobody should expect us to remain silent when our border security is constantly reached. our legal rights and our right of independence are undermined. we have no intention of creating this incident. we are only defending our own security and the rights of our brothers.

>> turkey wants russia's air attacks on turk man rebels to stop. it insists that isil is not separat operating in that part of northern syria, and that russia knows this. rory challands, al jazeera, moscow. >> james bays has more now from new york. the. >> angry words of a different version of events from ankara and moscow, but they are very keen to de-escalate the situation because it remains a dangerous situation. they're keen, too, that this should be a dispute between turkey and russia. a bilateral dispute. not a dispute that widens between one between russia and all of nato. i'm told by diplomats here that they think it's interesting and worth noting that this has not been referred to the u.n. security council. any member of the council can

request a meeting. turkey could ask one of its allies on the security council to call a meeting. both have decided not to do th that. >> joining us, thanks for joining us, we've been listening to james bays in new york explaining how both sides seem to be taking a step back here. but diplomatically these have been pretty dangerous moments, haven't they, not just between turkey and russia, but nato and russia? >> yes, indeed, and i think what this almost straits is th--what this demonstrates is this is media by-product of the crisis unfolding in syria, and with the

recent russian build up in syria, we've seen the number of incidents over the air space threatening turkey's rule of engagement and the turkish air space, which has led to the downing of the plane yesterday. so far the message is coming out of moscow where it is pretty different, pretty radical, points that there is an intention in moscow to somewhat escalate this crisis. >> you say that turkey is interested in not escalating this crisis, yet turkey took this quite extraordinary step because the plane had crossed into its air space, i understand

that. but for 17 seconds, why do you think, looking at turkey's interests, that it decided to take really quite a momentous decision under the circumstances to shoot down a russian airplane? >> well, first of all, at the time of the incident, turkish authorities did not know whether it was a russian airplane or a syrian airplane. the identity at the time of the exact strike remain unknown essentially because of the type of plane here is being used both on the russian side, but also by the syrian air force. >> forgive me, are you suggesting, therefore, that had they had confirmation that this was a russian plane, that turkey would not have decided to shoot it down?

>> maybe, maybe, let me remind you, this is in the wake of similar incidents that happened in the past where russian planes had violated turkey's rule of engagement and turkish air space. at that point turkey did act cautiously and did not implement and enforce rules of engagement. >> we're running out of time. let me ask you this on that very point, this has happened once. there have been concerns about it happening on previous occasions since september. it could happen again at any moment. how do you believe turkey will react to a further incursion? how far is turkey preparing to militarily against russia? >> the what turkey does is it

protects it's own air space, and it has alerted russian authorities, and it has demonstrated that it intent on protecting it's own air space. the message here should be that russia should not test turkey, and that the two leaders both in ankara and moscow should find agreement that this type of incursion into turkish air space should stop. >> good, thank you so much. we're going to leave it there. we go to lataki with this report. >> the russian warplanes are

coming in raids since early morning. the mountain of the kurds behind me has been targeted by the russians raids. the heavy shelling by the artillery units supported by ground forces. the forces also tried to advance in the mountain of the kurds. the situation here is similar to that scene in the northern countryside of hama when the regime forces tried to storm the area proceeded by aircraft raids and heavy bombardment and shelling. tens of thousands of people have been forced to leave their homes and head to the mountainous area facing severe cold and bad situation. >> coming up on the news hour, the latest on the heavy flooding

that has hit the saudi capital. plus. >> i'm john hedron in chicago where pantries all over the city crowds like this made up of elderly people line up daily for donated food. >> in sport the golden state warriors make nba history. we have details later this hour. >> jennifer grass is in kabul. from there we have this report. >> eyewitnesses say it was a terrifying attack. in the early morning hours of

october 3rd, an u.s. plane rained bombs and bullets on a doctors without borders hospital in kunduz. patients burned to death. staff were decapitated and three children were killed in the attack. >> the report in afghanistan was the direct result of human error, compounded by symptoms and procedural failures. the u.s. forces directly involved in this incident did not know the target compound was the trauma center. >> doctors without borders had given the u.s. and nato forces exact coordinates of the hospital three days before the strike. campbell said a mistake happened because the attacking aircraft was diverted from another mission, the on board electronics malfunctioned, the crew visually identified the building without verifying that

it was a military target. they thought it was another building a few hundred yards away. making the distinction between protected and enemy targets and ensuring an attack is proportional are basic tenants of the laws of war, which every u.s. force member learns from basic training and are enforced throughout their military career. u.s. officials here wouldn't say why these basic tenants weren't followed but some of those involved did not follow the rules of engagement. >> those individuals closely associated from the incident had been suspended from their beauties, pending consideration and disposition of administration and disciplinary matters. >> doctors without borders had asked for an independent investigation. that requires the consent of the united states and afghanistan who believe that military investigations are sufficient. u.s. commander said that they would like to help rebuild the

the hospital. >> well, earlier i spoke to joanne liu, and i asked her. >> i would say that it doesn't give us the confidence today to resume activities in kunduz. we're basically left with question and answer at this stage. >> what sort of questions? >> the fact that we're left with a catalog of errors that led to the attack in kunduz, it could be personal, technical or procedural.

i don't have full confidence that it would not repeat itself. >> they have called for an investigation. do you feel it's not cad adequate to rely on military authorities to carry this out, and there have been talks of a war crime going on here. how far is your organization willing to go to press for that allegation and investigation. >> the reality for us is if we don't understand further what really led to this beyond better assurances. i'm a physician, and when asking for a second opinion, we're basically asking for a second opinion. we would put all our trust in the u.s. and other authority that we can resume activity in a

safe environment in any war zone. >> now, i know that msf in its own report said that you repeatedly gave gps coordinates to the afghan and u.s. militaries with where this hospital was, that it was a hospital, a civilian installation. presumably you'll feel that you did all that you could do to keep your people in your hospital safe. what more do you think could be done? >> it's very difficult at this stage to figure this out until we find out more about what is going on in terms of an independent look at what happened. bu >> now let me ask you in the wake of this attack you said the facility has not reopened yet. what has been the impact on the ground for the civilians who

rely on organizations like msf for care? what has been the impact for care losing that facility? >> well, the impact is tremendous. kunduz center was the only trauma center in northeast afghanistan. i visited the center in february of this year, and i was so impressed with the quality of care, and the fact that it was giving access to trauma care to more than a million afghan people in the region. it was the lifeline for trauma care. >> yemen's president abd rabbuh mansur hadi has visited troops at an air base near the divided city of taiz. yemen's third largest cities, one of the main conflict grounds between pro government forces and houthi rebels. it comes after they have returned to the city of aden.

>> there have been criticism of houthi rebels blocking supply routes. he said: the under secretary calls the situation unsuccessful and to let the delivery of life-saving assistance in. joining me now is a journalist, iona craig, who has spent a lot of time in yemen, and in fact just returned from the city of taiz in recent days. thanks for joining us. does any of that ring true for you? what was your experience inside that city? >> yes, absolutely. the city is under siege right now, and it means particularly the hospitals are suffering. they're not just low on medical

supplies. they have no medical supplies at all. the restriction of food and fuel into the city means that the civilian population are relying on smugglers. you've got men coming in by night, by donkey bringing in supplies into the city. and the only other way for people to get hold of whether it be cooking gas or even food is to go into other parts of the city that are controlled by the houthis, and to buy those things there at greatly increased prices, but then they're not allowed to bring things like cooking gas back into their side of the city. it's putting the civilian population under pressure as well as meaning that the medical facility just can't operate. >> was it your experience that there was humanitarian assistance available but not being allowed in because of the houthis? >> yes, absolutely. the houthis are basically using medical supplies and food as a weapon against the civilians, so you've got the u.n. agencies.

you've got organizations like msf who are desperately trying to get supplies into the city, and they're being prevented from doing so, and we're still, the food supplies and medical supplies are diverted elsewhere into houthi-controlled territo territory. >> is it to an extent as well a two-way thing. the army is not noted for its commitment to humanitarian affairs. >> yes, i mean, both sides have been guilty of using food, fuel, and medical supplies as a weapon in all this. you have remember that the entire country is under blockade. the air space, they're all under control, the saudis, and they've been restricting the amount of food supplies and fuel going into the country when yemen imports 90% of its food. that means 82% of the country needs some form of humanitarian aid because of those retrixes,

basic asupplies of not being allowed into the country. >> your experience of yemen. you've lived there. you just came back from a visit there. where is the situation going? you've got the overwhelming firepower of the yemeni army. and the houthies squeezed of territory but unbowed. >> there can no be a real win center this war. there is little hope left for the people on the ground, the civilians. really, this needs to be dealt with by political settlement, but neither side wants to back down at moment although there is much talk about having a political discussion in geneva in the coming weeks. certainly all indications are on the ground that everybody is going to keep fighting until somebody can get what looks like a win. >> journalist iona craig freshly back from yemen. thank you for your insight. >> now isil has claimed

responsibility for tuesday's bus attack in central tunisia, which killed 12 presidential guards. shorts said that a suicide-bom suicide-bomber detonated a device. the country's prime minister and president said that the country is at war with what it called terrorists. they have the latest now from the capital of tunis. >> the scene of the of the attack. the wreckage of the bus has been removed. investigators are trying to work out how this could have happened. many tunisians want answers. >> the bomb went off in the middle of rush hour. the target appears to have been the presidential guard. four members of the public were also injured. >> a dozen people lost their lives. that is way too much. tunisian people always find a way to recover from similar incidents, but we're not used to this kind of thing. >> the president has called a

state of emergency. this gives the police sweeping power to arrest and retain. and there are restrictions on media coverage. >> the state of emergency is giving the security forces in terms of taking action. >> in a show of defiance, the international film festival will continue its screening. this musician says that tunisians must continue their way of life. >> art and culture is as important as the economy. i hope the government stops the curfew and the film festival can continue. >> the tourism industry has been badly damaged after two previous attacks on tours this year. they need investors and visitors to come back soon. that will be difficult now after this.

the previous station, an increased security in the country failed to prevent this latest attack. the tunisian government will have to come up with another strategy to deal with an armed group capable of hitting one of the elite forces in the country right here in the capital. al jazeera, tunis. >> saudi arabia is being hit by heavy flooding with one person confirmed dead i in the deluge. schools are closed for a second day with large areas of the city underwater. the civil defense agency reports one person killed at least eight people died last we're in heavy flooding in western saudi arabia. >> the united states is one of the wealthiest countries on earth, but more than 46 million people are living in poverty. almost half of that figure live in extreme poverty, the baseline

for that would be the equivalent of a family of four living on less than $10,000 a year. others are going hungry because they don't qualify for government food programs. 8million 65 to 58-year-olds fa 65 to 85-year-olds fall into this category. still 18 million households do not have enough to eat every d day. and million of u.s. children live in poverty. >> on a quiet chicago street, a garden grows food for an unending line for americans. seniors wait for hours on the pantry steps. the lines grow longer at the end of the month when government food stamps and social security checks run out. >> you need them. you need places like these. they are blessings. >> about 46 million americans live on food stamps that cost

the u.s. government $76 billion a year. last year the u.s. congress actually cut food stamp funding by $8.7 billion. >> what does that say about our safety net? >> it's pretty old. we have people that get $12 a month for food stamps. seniors sometimes have to choose between eating and medicine. >> a recent survey by the group "feeding america" found that 13 million are over 50. many too old to find work easily and to young for social security and medicare. >> many of the people that we serve are honest, hard working people who worked their entire lives and really scrapes to get by. they worked for meager wages, and now that they are at th the age of retirement they should be enjoying life.

it is very difficult. they can't pay all of their bills. >> this is one of dozens of pantries where all over the country a crowd made up of largely elderly people with no other options lines up daily for food. when the u.s. economy spiraled in 2008, the poorest were the first to be hit and the last to recover. not one food bank has reported their need has gone down in the last two years. >> still to come in al jazeera. cleaning nigeria's oil industry. we'll have the latest on the government's anti-graft drive. the massive dinosaur graveyard in china that has unearthed secrets from our planet's distant past. and in sport we hear from tyson fury, the man looking to end the reign of heavyweight

champion vladimir klitschko.

>> at 9:30 - "america tonight" - top investigative reporting, uncovering new perspectives. >> everything that's happening here is illegal. >> then at 10:00 - it's "reports from around the world". >> let's take a closer look. >> antonio mora gives you a global view. >> this is a human rights crisis. >> and at 11:00 - "news wrap-up". clear... concise... complete.

>> a reminder of the top stories here on al jazeera. turkey has released an audio recording of the warning it says was given to the russian fighter jet before it shot the plane down. turkey said it gave ten warnings to the plane. one of the two crew men who parachuted out of the russian jet before it was shot down said that turkey gave no warning before opening fire. the u.s. military said that human error was to blame on an airstrike on the doctors without borders in kunduz. the. >> the turk men were the first to take up arms against the syrian forces. >> forced to leave her home in the turk man mountains north of

latakia. she said she had to escape attacks from syrian forces and the russian forces. many have escaped over the mountains, but the border is closed so they're stuck. >> we hope we don't have to stay here for long. but at the moment we need nothing more but for our children to feel safe and secure. >> the turk men are ethnic turks who live in northern syria for centuries. russia has recently been bombing this area, which borders latakia, the ancestral homeland of assad. there are no figh no isil fighters here. >> i'm 40 years old. i was forced to leave my house due to unprecedented shelling. when we arrived we discovered

that the planes were bombing in area, too. before turkey shut down the russian jets leaders had already expressed their frustration with russia and it was wrongfully targeting the turk men. >> in the aftermath of this incident where turkey shot down a russian jet just across the border from here, fighting in that same area has intensified. stephanie dekker, latakia. >> french president françois hollande and germany's chancellor angela merkel has met in france, discussing the airstrikes in syria. after days of lockdown, hundreds of troops remain on the ground. there have been a series of

raids looking for suspects connected to the attacks. >> after four days of high alert, brussels is lifting some of the most disruptive restrictions. most underground metro lines are open again, returning to a semblance of nor mallcy. the people are still anxious. >> of course we have to be careful because at any moment something can happen. but you ca can't hide also. danger is everywhere. >> below and above ground there is heavy military and police presence. a thousand extra personnel have been called in for patrol in brussels and other belgium cities. this is a reminder they're looking for the suspects involved in the paris attacks as well as people who may be

planning more. >> schools and universities have reopened also, but the government has maintained the highest security level 4, which means that an attack is viewed as imminent. the government said it is not just playing it safe, it is acting on credible intelligence. >> the police are looking for this man, he was seen driving a car used in the pair riggs attacks. despite several raids and multiple arrests there is still little progress in the manhunt of the 26-year-old suspect thought to be one of the paris gunmen. the police believe when he escaped after the attack he may still have been wearing an explosive invest. at a brussels free university students are arriving back on campus. armed police stand guard. and the main library remains closed. here students try to make sense of the chain of global events that suddenly without warning have had such a big impact on

their ordinary lives. >> maybe in two weeks there will be no more cops or soldiers in the streets, but the feel of the threat would still be present, if not just in the media, it is real. >> the government said that the alert level will remain at the maximum for another week. the price of keeping europe sa safe. many question how long this can last. neave barker, al jazeera, bruce else. >> though chicago now where there have been protests after officials released a video showing a white police officer shooting a black teenager 16 times in october last year. the officer has been charged with first-degree murder for killing the teen, who was 17. he refused to drop a knife. several hundred people held a largely peaceful demonstration in chicago with the crowd chanting 16 shots. we can talk now to allen fisher,

who is in chicago for us. allen, give us better idea of the circumstances here. why did it takite so long for this video to emerge? >> well, that's certainly the question that has been asked by many of the community leaders here in chicago. this incident happened more than a year ago. the police viewed the circumstances around it. the investigation was carried out. the request for information request was release just released. it is what is bringing people out in protests on tuesday and on friday. now friday is the day after thanksgiving in the united states. one of the biggest shopping days in the country. and they're calling for a protest on michigan avenue, the main shopping area in chicago. they're saying that they essentially want to stop people

doing business because they want change. they want change in the police in chicago. they want change at the top. they want the police superintendent to resign because they're angry this inquiry has taken as long as it has. >> looking more widely at the situation, the anger at she's shootings by police has become prolific in the united states and seemingly one common factor of race. >> why does it take so long? it is rare for a police officer to be charged with first-degree murder even though there have been a number of incidents over the past year going back to michael brown probably just in the summer of 2014. and so people are concerned that these things aren't being investigated fully. now the district attorney decided to level charges against the officer said it was much more important to carry out a full comprehensive investigation rather than a rush to

adjustment. it is unusual that a police officer would be facing charges of first-degree murder. his attorney said in the last few hours that videos can be misleading. they're two dimensional and don't show the full story. but many saw the police officer arrive, get out of his car and within eight seconds unload 16 bullets into the man that he said was carrying a knife. everyone could see the knife, but there was a question whether or not he was turning away from the police officer when he fired. what has really upset people was that there were 16 bullets fired. the entire clip in the officer's gun, and had to be told by another officer to stop firing. the upset is in chicago, but jesse jackson said this is not the first incident. it won't be the last, and things really have to change. that is what is bringing people out on the streets of chicago and other cities across the united states. >> allen fisher live for news chicago. thank you very much.

>> thanks allen. >> well, 80% of nigeria's revenue comes from its oil reserves but it's a sector plagued with allegations of corruption, something that it's president says he wants to change. >> president about a harr buhari promised he would fight corruption in the oil industry before he was elected in march. billions have been lost in the past three years. most of it run by the government oil company. the new minister of state of petroleum. >> there was corruption. the level of volume of it i can't tell. but looking at accounts, lack of accounts, the numbers abandoned, profit, and terms of accountability and transparency. >> last month the former minister of petroleum was

detained in london. she denies allegations of bribery, of money laundering. last year the former government said $20 billion was missing from the state oil company. that was revised down to $1.5 billion by auditors. in 2012 the government disputed $7 billion in transactions paid out by the state company. nationwide protest took place when the government tried to decrease the price of subsidized fuel. >> the government believes some of the corrupt deals take place when companies are paid to import government subsidized. but stopping the imports will be controversial. >> ino matter how we pretend,

we take apart the .001%, and the bottom line is people are very poor. >> one of the government's main anti-corruption agencies said it has a solution. >> we have what is known as a risk assessment process. where we identify this process an. >> there are other challenges. they call it the theft of tens of thousands of barrel of oil every day. government leaders say they can't stop the thefts completely or trace all fraud. they're depending on citizens to report corruption, and they also say that corruption has been substantially reduced since the new president took over six months ago. >> now china's growing stature in the world is pitting it more and more in competition with the united states. in addition to diplomatic

military and economic rivalry there is a new race in being the leader of dinosaur fossils. >> as he works, this paleontologist is watched closely by local media. their interest is heightened by the possibility he's about to discover a new dinosaur. >> probably a small meat-eating dinosaur. we'll bring him back to the lab and prepare the fossil and see whether it's a new species. >> given the location of this dig there is every chance of success. this excavated site in eastern china is unique given its extensive concentration of dinosaur fossils created through a process of bones being gradually covered by sediment millions of years ago, this effectively has become a mass

dinosaur tomb. the follow sills have always been here, but it's only recently that china has had the resources and infrastructure to excavate them properly. what they're find something a rich variety that doesn't exist anywhere else. it's led to a fossil equivalent of a gold rush. >> at sites around northeast china and in remote locations in the golbi desert, a searching interest in china's pre-historic past is helping drive fossil hunting. it has led to the discovery of species. the museum chronicles these and other discoveries. like the triceratops, proving for the first time the existence of the triceratops family of dinosaurs outside of the united states. >> when we began we didn't know what to expect. it was only when we finished we

realized that it was so big and important. >> there can be few places better to work as a paleontologist right now. >> we know that we see a thousanthousands of bones and it's a rare opportunity. >> sealed for all time, a fossilized snapshot of a pre-historic age waiting to yield more of its secrets from a time when dinosaurs roam this land. >> much more to come after the break. in sport it's known as the home of rugby. set to host a different kind of sport next year. details coming up.

>> the golden state warriors have maids the best ever start to the season in nba history. the reigning champions won their 16th game in a row. it came against the los angeles lakers. >> the nba used to be dominated by the los angeles lakers. now it's the golden state warriors. having won the nba title this season, they won the record for the best start of the season, the best 16th straight win. 19 points ahead of the lakers at the end of the first quarter. >> very special night. >> kobe bryant has won five nba titles with the lakers and only managed four points against the warriors. the previous record of 15 wins was held by the washington capitals in 1948, and the houston rockets in 1999. golden state surpassed it without their coach steve kerr,

who is recovering from back surgery. >> we went by and congratulated each player. they're in the history books, but we also reminded them that it's november, and we've got a lot more work to do. >> scoring 18 points for the warriors. but again it was steph curry who was the star. the reigning mvp netted 24 points in 30 minutes of play. the warriors eventually wearing the game 111-77. >> any time we've been saying last week any time you can do something that has not been done in the history of nba, with all the great teams that have suited up, and all the great legend of players, it's pretty special. we've had 16 challenges in front of us, and we showed up 16 straight games. >> the next record for the warriors to break is the total of 33 straight wins in a season.

that is held by the lakers. al jazeera. >> 16 wins this season, but they still have a long way to go before they can be considered the most dominant team of all time. well, the 1972 championship winning los angeles lakers won 69 of their 82 regular-season games. that effort was matched by michael jordan's chicago bulls and dennis rodman, but it was the 1996 record that golden state will be eyeing up. they went on to be crowned nba champions that year. the nfl has been playing regular-season games in london for a number of years. they'll be scheduling their up coming national series in 2016,

and the home of rugby will host the nfl clash on october 23rd. in total there will be three games played without the month of october with wembley stadium hosting the other two matches. british boxer tyson fury said he's confident in becoming the first man in over 11 years to beat the world heavyweight championship of vladimir klitschko. he will face klitschko in düsseldorf, germany, on saturday. he has not lost since 2004. fury is undefeated after 24 bouts. >> i am the furious one. never been defeated, and i'm not about to be defeated on saturday nightel "p" all these past opponents come to germany believing they'll lose. money ain't my motivation. win something my motivation. i believe wholeheartedly that i'm winning this fight.

>> day one of the test match between india and south africa. four wickets for south africa to bowl india out for 215, but the host responded by take two early wickets and 11-2, and south africa 1-0 down in the series. leading pakistan in their match with england that begins on thursday in dubai. expect a tough test from england. going into the match after winning their odi series between the two teams. >> i think we could give something for players, we'll give them a rest in the last warm up game, an i'm very much excited to lead this team against the world class team. and i think we tried to finish it up. >> to me the strategy is simple. to continue testing ourselves

and our ability regardless of any position we play. that's the best strategy at the moment because they're trying to test our boundaries and capabilities as players, and like we've seen in previous particular one-day series we don't know what our boundaries are at the moment. >> that is your sport for now. we'll go back to jonah in-done. >> thank you. now exactly 100 years since albert einstein published his theory of relativity revolutionizing our understanding of the universe and turning him into a celebrity. following the einstein trail to bern, switzerland, for the groundwork for his discoveries. >> einstein's theories came ten years after his famous e equals mc squared. it predicted how it can bend

light and alter the passage of time. this has been widely observed by space telescopes, and has allowed astro physicists to calculate that more than a quarter of the university is made up of invisible dark matter. >> that will not be enough to produce that distortion. you need extra mass that you cannot see. that mass is called dark matter. the analysis of dark matter comes because einstein predicted this effect. and we can quantify how much matter there is in the university. >> einstein's equations are the basis for global positioning technology in smart phones and used for navigation. ththere are other theories he hoped to develop, including this

gyrocampus that h is still used on ships. it was also the beginning of a period that would see einstein become a superstar, one of the most well-known thinkers of the 20th century. >> after initially supporting the development, einstein later campaigned against nuclear weapons. he was a vocal supporter of human and civil rights. those were topics which really moved many people all over the world, and he had a credibility. he had the pop star looks, also his personality. i don't think that he intended to be a pop star, but he really said it perfectly well into this need for a pop star. >> einstein's theories will had a philosophical side, one he often expressed in the tens of

thousands of personal letters he wrote. >> if everybody realized that the things we do every single day are permanent part of the universit universe from that moment on people would treat each other better and try to make a mark on the universe that they were proud of instead of one that might embarrass him. >> einstein challenged those around him to try each day to comprehend a little of the mysteries of life and the structure of reality. the important thing he said is to never stop questioning. al jazeera, bern. >> well, you can find much more on our website. more on all our top stories including expert analysis of blogs from our correspondents around the world. that's www.aljazeera.com. that's www.aljazeera.com. don't go anywhere now, though, because i'll be back with another half hour of news in just a moment.

>> the only live national news show at 11:00 eastern. >> we start with breaking news. >> let's take a closer look.

>> one of the pilots of the downed russian fighter jets says that he was given no warning. but audio released proves otherwise. this is al jazeera live from london. also coming up, the u.s. admits human error was behind its bombing of an afghan hospital that killed 30 people. isil said it carried out a suicide-bomb attack that killed 12 people in tunisia on tuesday. also ahead.