>> one of the pilots of the downed russian fighter jets says that he was given no warning. but audio released proves otherwise. this is al jazeera live from london. also coming up, the u.s. admits human error was behind its bombing of an afghan hospital that killed 30 people. isil said it carried out a suicide-bomb attack that killed 12 people in tunisia on tuesday. also ahead. >> bern, switzerland, a century

go albert einstein began working on his theory of relativity that profoundly shaped the modern world. >> turkey has released an audio recording of the warning it says was given to a russian fighter jet before it shot the plane down for violating its air space. but one of the two crew men said that turkey gave no warning before opening fire. we have reports from moscow. >> murderers they chanted. many russians are angry with turkey and protests have occurred in a few citie cities in the past hours. this was the turkish embassy in moscow. eggs were thrown. arrests were made. >> this is the embassy of murderers, instead of people

being honest partners, they showed their beastly grin. >> a pilot was shot and killed while parachuting from his burning plane. a marine was also killed and a helicopter crashed. a navigator was safe. >> he's like all the other involved operation including the rescue operation will receive state awards. the ministry of defense has come up with this proposal, and the plane commander will be awarded the star of the hero of the russian federation post human louisly. >> later, the navigator would give his account. >> there has been no warning, neither on the radio nor visually. there had been no contact whatsoever. we started the course.

>> this was says turkey, was the pilot's final warning. [ playing recording ] >> another ministry of defense proposal has been put into action sending sophisticated missiles system to syria. russia wants to show that it has the ability to blow turkey's planes out of the sky, too. the kremlin has a tricky task here. it says that there hast to be serious consequences for what it calls a stab in the back. but at the same time turkey is a nato member, that's reason enough to tread carefully. foreign minister sergei lavrov said that russia does not intend to go to war with turkey. they just ask questions about the actions of turkey's leadership.

in istanbul turkey defended what it's air force has done. >> no one should expect us to remain silent when our border security is constantly breached. our rights and our right of independence are undermined. they have no intention of creating this incident. we're only defending our own security and the rights of our brothers. >> turkey wants russia's air attacks to stop. it insists isil is not operating in that part of northern syria, and that russia knows this. rory challands, al jazeera, moscow. >> well, james bays has more now on the situation from the united nations. >> the angry words and very different versions of events are coming from ankara and from moscow. but other countries watching this are very keen to de-escalate the situation because it remains a dangerous

situation. they're keen, too, this should be a dispute between turkey and russia. a bilateral dispute, not a dispute that widens into one between russia and all of nato. i'm toldly diplomats here that they think it's interesting and worth noting that this has not been referred to the u.n. security council. russia is a member of the council. turkey could also ask one of its allies on the security council to call a meeting. both have decided not to do that for now. i think that's because according to diplomats they believe that will be an escalation of things if it were to come before the u.n. security council. >> russia has been warned not to attack turkey under pretext of fighting isil.

>> forced to leave her home i in the turk men mountains of latakia. more than 300 turk men families are said to have made the journey over the mountains in the last few weeks. they arrived in an area close to southwestern turkey, but the border is closed so they're stuck here. >> we hope we won't have to stay here for long, but at the moment we need nothing more but for our children 20 feel safe and secure. >> the turk men are ethnic turk who is have been living in syria, iraq and iran for centuries. they took up arms against bashar al-assad from the start of the conflict. russia has recently been bombing this area, which attacks the ancestral homeland of assad. there are no isil fighters here. it is controlled by turk men fighters and other groups affiliated with al-qaeda.

>> i'm 40 years old. i was forced to leave my house due to unprecedented shelling, but when we arrived we discovered that the planes were bombing this area, too. >> before turkey shut down the russian jets, leaders had already expressed their frustration. >> it highlights the complexity of syria's war backing different armed groups. in the aftermath this incident where turkey shot down a russian jet, fighting in that same area has intensified. stephanie dekker, al jazeera, latakia. >> an u.s. command center afghanistan said an airstrikes on a doctors without borders hospital that killed 30 people was caused primarily by human error. general john campbell described

the strike as an tragic unavoidable error. >> eyewitnesses say it was a terrifying attack. in the early morning hours of october 3rd, the u.s. rained bombs and bullets on a hospital in kunduz. patients burned to death in their beds. staff were decapitated and three children interest killed in the attack. the commander of u.s. forces said that the u.s. investigation showed that it was a tragic but avoidable mistake. >> the report determined that the u.s. strike on the trauma center in kunduz, afghanistan, was a direct result of human error, compounded by systems and procedural failures. the u.s. forces directly involved in this incident did not know the targeted compound was the msf trauma center. >> the doctors without borders had given u.s. and nato forces

exact coordinates to the hospital three days before the strike. campbell said the mistake happens because the plane was veered off course and then the crew visually identified the building without verifying it was the military target. they thought it was another building a few hundred yards away. making the distinction between protected and enemy targets and insuring that an attack is proportional are basic tenants of the laws of war, which every u.s. member learns through basic training and it's enforced throughout their military career. they did not say why these basic tenants were not followed but there were shows who is it not follow the rules. >> those individuals have been suspended from their duties spending consideration and decision of disciplinary matters. >> doctors without borders asked for an independent investigation. that requires the consent of the

united states and afghanistan, who believes military investigations are sufficient. >> we are basically left with the catalog of errors of what happened, and led to the attack in kunduz. it could be personal, technical, procedural. i just returned from kunduz last week. if i have to go back and ask my staff, can you resume activities, i don't have the full confidence that history would not repeat itself. >> u.s. commanders said they would like to help to rebuild the hospital, but doctors without borders do not accept donations from governments, and they said they don't want to rebuild until they know they will not face again this type of attack. >> president abd rabbuh mansur hadi visits taiz, one of the main conflict grounds between pro government forces and houthi

rebels. it comes after hadi returned to the port city of aden after it was reclaimed with the support of the saudi led coalition. the u.n. has expressed concern over the humanitarian situation for people living in taiz. >> well, the under secretary calls the situation unacceptable and called on all sides to the conflict to let the delivery of life-saving assistance in. earlier, i spoke with iona craig who was in taiz. she said the situation in the city is desperate.

>> the city is under siege. they're not just low on medical supplies. they have no medical supplies at all. the restriction of fuel and food into the city means that the population are relying on smugglers. you've got men coming in by night, by donkey bringing in supplies into the city. the only way for them to get ahold whether it be cooking gas or food is to go into the areas controlled by the houthis and buy those things at greatly increased prices, then they're not allowed to bring it back into their side of the city. it's putting the population and huge amount of pressure. and the medical facilities cannot operate. isil has claimed responsibility for tuesday's bus attack that killed 12 presidential guards. a bomber detonated a device

containing ten kilograms of explosives. the prime minister said that their country is at war with what they call terrorists. we have the latest now. >> the scene of the attack. the wreckage of the bus has been removed. investigators are trying to work out how this could have happened. many tunisians want answers. >> the bomb went off in the middle of russia hour. the target appears to have been the presidential guard. but four members of the public were also injured. >> a dozen people lost their lives. that is too much. tunisian people find ways to recover from similar incidents, but we're not used to this kind of thing. >> the president has declared a state of emergency. this gives police sweeping powers to arrest and detain. it also means that people cannot

protest or go on strike. there are restrictions, too, on media coverage. >> the state of emergency is giving a possibility for security forces, but also just be more flexible and more quick in terms of taking action. >> in a show of defiance, the film festival will continue its screenings. this musician said that tunisians must continue their way of life. >> art and culture are as important as the economy. i hope the film festival can continue. >> tunisian's tourism industry has been badly hurt. they need tourists and investors to come back soon. that could be give after this. the ceased security in the country failed to prevent this latest attack the tunisian

government will have to come up with a strategy to deal with an armed group al jazeera. to you nice. >> still ahead. keeping the faith in kenya. thousands turn out to greet pope francis during his first sift to africa as head of the roman catholic church. and riyadh under war. the latest on the heavy flooding that has hit the saudi capital.

>> a reminder now of the top stories here on al jazeera. turkey has released an audio recording of the warning it says was given to a russian fighter jet before it shot the plane down for violating its air pace. turkey says it gave ten warnings to the plane. but one of the two crew men who parachuted out of the jet before it was shot down said that turkey gave no warning before opening fire. the u.s. military said that human error was to blame in the afghan city of kundus where 30 people were killed. pope francis has landed in nairobi in the first stop of his african tour. huge crowds have welcomed the head of the catholic church into african capital. he is expected to push for

reconciliation and unity. he's expected to travel to uganda and the central africa republic. >> many people line the streets to welcome the pope. he held talks with the president and other leaders and addressed thation outlining areas he's going to be focusing on. religious tolerance will be a big issue. ale be meeting with leaders of all faiths, a group that has carried out several attacks in season i can't, uganda and somalia and created mistrust between muslims and christians, particularly here in kenya. he spoke about the need to protect young people, protect the environment, and the need to renew humanity and reconciliation of peace and healing, and he asks people to

show a general concern for the need of the poor. many people are keen to hear h him speak about corruption. we don't expect the pope to be specific on national issues and politics, but people want him to set the tone and to give guidance. >> french president françois hollande and german chancellor angela merkel met in france. the french parliament voted overwhelmingly in extending airstrikes in serie-a. after four days of lockdown, schools and the metro have reopened in the belgium capital of brussels. hundreds of troops remain on the ground. the police have launched a series of raids in search of several key suspects linked to the terrorist attacks.

>> after four days on high alert, brussels is tentatively lifting some of the most obstructive restrictions. people are anxious. >> of course we have to be careful because at any moment something can happen. but you know, you can hide, also, danger is everywhere. >> below and above ground there is still a heavy military and police presence. the vehicles pulled over for random checks. a thousand extra personnel have been called to patrol brussels and other belgium cities. every few minutes a reminder the police are hunting for the suspects of the attacks. >> schools and universities have reopened, but the government has maintained the highest security level, level number four, which

basically means that an attack is viewed as imminent. the government said it's not just playing it safe. it is acting on credible intelligence. >> belgium has issued an international arrest warrant for this man, he was seen driving a car used in the paris attacks. but despite several raids and multiple arrests there is still little progress in the manhunt for the 26-year-old suspects thought to be the paris gunmen. police believe when he escaped the attack he may have been wearing an explosive vest. students are arriving back on campus. armed police stand forwardga, and the main library remains closed. here students try to make sense of the chain of global events that suddenly without warning have had such a big impacts on their ordinary lives. >> maybe in two weeks there will be no more cops and no more soldiers in the streets.

the feel of the threats are still present, not just in the media. it is real. >> the government said that the alert level will remain at the maximum for another week. the price of keeping europe sa safe. many question how long this can last. nea ve barker, al jazeera, bruce else. >> saudi arabia is being hit by heavy flooding with one person confirmed dead in the deluge that has hit the capital of riyadh. the civil defense agency reports one person killed in the town of rema around 100 kilometers from the capital. eight people died in heavy flooding in western saudi arabia. in the philippines a thousand families have been left homeless in a mass if i have fire. dropping water on the blaze. the fire spread quickly and

could not be distinguis extinguished due to poor access in the area. >> migrants stranded in costa rica after nicaragu nicaragua refused to let them pass cross its territory. >> this wasn't how they imagined their journey to the united states would end. 3,000 could you man migrants are stuck in a camp on the costa rican side of the border. they hoped that a meeting between latin american foreign ministers and he will sal have a door would get them moving again. it didn't. >> it would have been to have a response from the nicaraguan government. we don't have any other than to

get to the united states. >> we didn't come here with our hands empty. we came with a real proposal for granting safe images for migrants. the proposals were rejected by one single country, nicaragua. >> under u.s. law any arriving on u.s. soil can apply for asylum. without a breakthrough in the deadlock between nicaragua and costa rica, their journey is on hold for now. john holman, al jazeera. >> nigeria's government has vowed to clean up the oil sector which has long faced allegations

of corruption. billions of dollars have been lost in the past three years. much of it by government-run oil companies. the former minister of petroleum is facing allegations of bribery and money laundering. but now the government said it is making inroads by asking citizens to report dishonest practices. the emir of qatar has been paying a visit to the state of venezuela. he has signed bilateral agreements with president nicolás maduro. it will strength agreements between qatar and south american regions including oil. they say the new measures will benefit both countries. now exactly 100 years since albert einstein published his theory of general relativity, revolutionizing our understanding our universe, an

turning the scientist into an unlikely celebrity. we go to bern where he discovered the groundwork for his later discoveries. >> einstein's theories of general relativity came ten years after e equals mc squared. it added the force of gravity to the equation and predicted how it can bend light and onto the passage of time. this has been widely observed by space telescopes and has allowed astro physicists to figure out that a quarter of the university is made up of dark matter. >> it will not enough to produce that distortion. you need extra mass that you cannot see. that mass is called dark matter, and the analysis of dark matter comes because of einstein's predicted this effect.

thanks to that effect we can quantify how much of that matter is in the universe. >> it is also the basis of global positioning technology found in smart phones and used widely for navigation. the einstein museum in the swiss capital of bern houses other technologies that he helped to develop including this gu gyrocampus still used on ships. his theories changed our world. it was also the beginning of a period that would see him become a superstar, one of the most well-known thinkers of the 20th century. [ explosion ] >> after initially supporting the development, einstein later campaigned against nuclear weapons. he was also a vocal supporter of human and civil rights. >> those were topic that is

really moved many people all over the world, and he had a credibility he had the pop star looks also his personality. i don't think he intended to be a pop star, but he really fit it perfectly well into this need for a pop star. >> einstein's theories will had a philosophical side, one he often expressed in the tens of thousands of personal letters he wrote. >> everybody realized the things that we do are a permanent part of the universe from that moment on. i think people would treat each other a little better and make sure that they were making a mark on the universe that they were proud of instead of one that would embarrass them. >> einstein challenged those around him to try each day to comprehend a little of the mysteries of life and the structure of reality. the important thing, he said, is to never stop questioning.

al jazeera, bern. >> don't forget you can fin find much more on our website. www.aljazeera.com. >> we're in the eastern part of the democratic republic of congo. it's one of the least developed countries in the world, but there's an estimated $24 trillion worth of minerals here. tantalum, tungsten, tin, and gold have all been linked to violence in eastern congo by rebel groups and the congolese army. >> millions of people have been killed in the congo over the past decade. i want to see peace in the congo. >> the same minerals are used to make common electronics,that are