147 heads of state gather in paris for the u.n. climate change conference. you're watching al jazeera. we will be reporting on the devastating impact of industrialisation in china's most polluted city. also ahead guilty, an israeli court convicts two israelis of murdering a palestinian teenager. a third has entered an insanity

plea. the pope approaches a message of reconciliation. world leaders are gathering in paris for the u.n. climate conference known as co p21. it is the start of two weeks of intense negotiations aimed at forging a deal to limit global warming to 2 degrees celsius. 147 heads of state and governments are attending the opening day of talks. in total 25,000 official delegates are hoping to secure a legally binding accord for every country to cut their emissions. this needs to come in from 2020 when current commits from the current kyoto protocol run out. the countries are due to discuss plans to cut agree house emissions. environment editor nick clerk is in paris.

there's a lot of expectations surrounding this summit. we have to do nothing less, really, than save the planet. >> reporter: just a small task, yeah. the die is finally upon us. the world-- the day is finally upon us. the last one is a spectre. the world leaders are beginning to arrive. i've got a list here about six pages long. it's more than a hundred world leaders here as you say from people like the president of puru and honduras and others. we will be hearing from them later. they've all got three minutes allocate to speak. something len presented and put on the table by president obama and the president of china. so what are they looking to deliver? the key things are, as you say, whether or not this treaty in

the end can be legally binding. there are those who don't want it to be because nobody would adhere to it, it stops people doing what they should to adopt it and then the other issues about trying to get the world on this path to 2 degrees c and also the big problem of climate. let's talk about this with our guest here now. we can speak to jennifer morgan from the world resources institute. welcome to the program. thank you. >> reporter: world leaders here today. how much difference is that going to make? normally they come right at the end i think it can make a big difference. the countries have been discussing this agreement for four years. they need an extra push from their leaders, they need to start finding compromises and solutions. they need a big push today >> reporter: are we going to get it? there is some talk that some elements will present that move things on i think it can help a lot.

i think having president obama, president xi jinping here should inspire the minister, the negotiators and hopefully some announcements can build trust with the vulnerable companies. >> reporter: we know we're not going to hit the 2 degree c here, but how confident are you that it will happen? reporter: we will they to you more i'm sure. china, as we say, an important player in all this. the world's biggest emitter of co2 and they've got a big problem with pollution too. earlier this year the country's premier started to tackle it.

adrian brown reports. >> reporter: in north-east china is a grim place in winter, more so now because the air quality in this stream city has just been ranked the worst in china. which makes it among the worst in the world. in the first five months of this year, it had just 16 days when the air quality was considered goodbye the country's enviolental watchdog. the air was good before. when i was a kid, the sky was blue but now the smog is very serious in the old days the winter was cold but you could see the sun but now you can barely see it >> reporter: the sun was struggling to shine on the day we visited. government leaders have this year declared a war on pollution and have already made some painful decisions here. >> translation: the central government shut this factory to

curb pollution because we produced a lot of waste water and emissions. now we have to find a new location for the factory >> reporter: more than 3,000 men and women lost their joshes when the government ordered this plant to cloy back in may. it had been one of the biggest producers of polyester but it was also one of the biggest polluters. pollution in this city is a sensitive issue. there are signs that they're trying to clean up its act and reinvent itself. it has been designated a low carbon city, a hubs for technology, a home to the largest maker of solar panels. they are a feature of these streets. >> translation: we have made a great contribution to the local economy. we have more than 20,000 employees that have created many working aring opportunities for local people. >> reporter: the technology is not totally clean because solar

manufacturing still needs large amounts of coal-fired power from the grid to run these machines. >> translation: we still need electricity to make our products. the electricity is to a generator from a traditional generator like coal. we are a responsible enterprise we handle the emissions responsibly. >> reporter: a start has been made here but transition to a green economy will be a long one >> reporter: china has been a big spoiler in previous climate conferences, but it seems they've changed its ways. pollution is one of the reasons why. they want to clean up their act. that's helping with the issue of co2 emissions. it could be that they will be actually a big advantage to try and seek out this elusive climate deal here in paris. people are beginning to look

more towards india as the potential spoiler this time around. there is a lot of debate and argument coming up over the next few days for sure. >> reporter: thanks very much. we many come back to follow the progress happening there in paris. thanks very much the u.s. president obama is also in paris for this climate change summit. he has paid tribute to the victims of the paris attack soon after arriving. he was joined by francois hollande outside the bataclan concert haul where 89 people were killed. two israeli men accused of killing a teenager last year. he was burnt alive. live for us in jerusalem with more on this. the verdict has been issued, but it doesn't appear to be a straightforward outcome. fill us in on the details. >> reporter: no. that's right. as you mentioned, there are

three people involved in this, one man who is 30 years old, believed to be the ring leaders. and two minors. the minors have been convicted of murders. they always said they were involved in the kidnapping but not in the murder. they have been convicted. the issue we have now has to do with the ring leader. he is 30 years old. anal terre orthodox man. he had an insanity plea at the last hour. this is what they're debating, whether the court will accept it. initially we were told it was accepted and it was going to be addressed on the 20 december. they have to assess his insignificant plea. now it is perhaps too late to receive it. this is what happening is now. we're hearing rumors here that he has been found innocent.

this is the danger, that this could ignite the street because it is such a sensitive time here, especially in the last two months. we've seen these one-on-one attacks, palestinians are extremely disillusioned, frustrated with the lack of the peace process, with no sign that the occupation is going to happen. there's an issue here about accountability. this murder was horrific. it ignited the street. even though the three accused say they did this in retaliation for the killing of three israeli settlors in the occupied west bank, this was a domino affect that led to the gaza war last year. you can see how sensitive these issues are in this region. just the rumour mill, he is not guilty yet, something being addressed thanks very much for keeping us up-to-date there. i.s.i.l. is ex-cuting seven

syrians a day on average. that's according to a new report. syrian they were accused of offences such as homosexuality. many of them were beheaded, stoned or burned alive. european countries tight yessen their borders, many refugees are finding a new home in sudan the two countries share a language and have similar cultures. as rob matheson reports, sudan has been offering them a warm welcome >> reporter: the story of this man is similar to that of many who have fled syria. >> translation: in the morning we heard shelling. my son, a young man of 25, was sleeping in his bed and a shell hit the front of our house. he almost died but got protected him. >> reporter: she made up her

mind to escap aleppo and to join thousands of others heading for jordan. one of her sons who was working in sudan said syrians didn't need visas to go there. she doesn't want to be identified. in this quiet courtyard kitchen she gets paid for preparing traditional syrian stuffed vine leaves, chicken and sweets. most customers are sudanese. she gets food parcels and support from a local project set up to help people like her. >> translation: syrian businessmen in sudan met and decided to set up this office and a fund to support the syrian families there entering the country. an syrian ends so much per month. we try to pay the extra amount. >> reporter: it's a sharp contrast to the reception of many refugees are getting in europe. fences, police and freezing

winter weather. sudan allows syrians access to state health care and education. according to the u.n., the sudan ease says many of arrived. the u.s. is accepting 10,000. sudan has problems, tribal fighting continues, but it's still better than their own country. >> translation: they give you the picture of sudan as a backward difficult place. when we arrived at the airport we saw that it is a civilised place. it has universities and education. good communications, more. there's a beautiful civilization >> reporter: the u.n. says it has registered around 14000 syrians as refugees in sudan since the start of 2014, but as the violence intense phis, the numbers will rise and that could

put a strain on the welcome still to come more on the climate talks in paris. we're in manilla, one of the worlds most vulnerable cities, plus al jazeera given rare access to png where a judge will decide if a detention center for refugees trying to get to australia are legal.

the tops stories. 147 world leaders are gathering in paris for the climate

conference. it is the start of two weeks of intense negotiations in aa deal to global warming to 2 degree c. two men have been found guilty after killing a palestinian teenagers. he was kidnapped from east jerusalem and burnt alive. monitors say i.s.i.l. has executed more than 3500 people since it took control in syria last year. they were accused of offences such as aposticy and homosexuality. many were beheaded stoned or burnt alive. more now on our top story. manilla is a city on the front line of climate change. according to the u.n. science panel it is amongst those coastal cities that will suffer the most as temperatures rise of the it is in a high risk tropical and sub-tropical region

that can expected more typhoons, storms and droughts and extreme weather conditions. all of this will affect crops and, therefore, food prices as well as water and electricity supplies. talking to margaret tigas in the philippines capital. forget looking at the future. the philippines is already feeling the effects of climate change, isn't it? >> reporter: most definitely. over the last 20 years, for example, this is the country that has seen the most number of severe weather events which means many, many typhoons. as it is, as you mentioned. proper cal country, it sees on average about 20 typhoons a year. that number is insteadily-- steadily increasing. there used to be a typhoon path across the country. there is some areas now having

to go through them more regularly than whirls in the country nsh nsh anywhere else in the country. these communities are vulnerable because many of them haven't seen a typhoon in their lifetimes. the government is the chair of the climate forum to the effects of climate change. he will be speaking in paris and asking the more developed nations to not just cut down on greenhouse emissions, but also add to a fund for developing nations that need to find ways to basically become more resilient to the effects of climate change for the philippines, what pledges are they taking to this conference and how they will reduce their own emissions. >> reporter: the philippines said that by 2030 it will cut down by 70% it's own emissions, but then again this is less than 1% of global emissions of the country. it contributes one of the least to the global effect of the greenhouse emissions.

they will do this by looking at other ways. for example, to get rid of waste. turning to water or natural gas as opposed to using oil or fossil fuel. in banned the use of incineration as a way to get rid of waste many years ago. because of all the typhoons that are hitting the country, there is waste generated by that, a lot of debris and destruction. they are trying to find ways to deal with these effects. for example, they're recycling the wood that comes from dedestroyed homes and using that to rebuild other homes in safer grounds for the communities most affected by niece weather events brought on by climate change thank you for that from the front line of climate change in manilla. a judge in papua new guinea will die whether a prison set up for

refugees is legal. the jail was created to hold people trying to seek asylum in australia. an true thomas reports. >> reporter: you are journalists and cameras are banned but by boat you can get close. it is a prison for nearly a thousand men is right on the coast. the refugees locked inside want to talk. some have bribed cleaners and guards for phones. what do you hope is going to happen? reporter: the prison was established as a deterrent along

with another for fames in nauru. australian government said people would either be turned around at sea or deported straight to much poorer countries with no prospect of ever living in australia. >> reporter: the boats have almost entirely stopped coming to australia, but the legacy is people are still locked up in there more than two years after arriving on australian soil. >> reporter: we did manage to drive past security guards and through the facility. those we've talked to say conditions inside are terrible. in the past, prisons have season their lips together in protest. last year during unrest inside, outsiders broke in and beat one man to death. about 50 man first assessed as genuine refugees have been released. they live in this nearby transit center. they can leave and walk to the local town. so far only one man has left the island altogether. this man was an engineer in

iran. he says he fled after uncovering corruption. an australian friend bought him a plane ticket to papua new guinea capital. there he is about to start a low paying job. i am happy that i could live there to here, but i'm getting happiness when i am getting out from terrible situation to bad situation. at the moment i am in bad situation. >> reporter: papua new guinea is too poor with too much crime, he thinks. other refugees on manis hope a legal case will go their way if a court declares their transfer and imprisonment unconstitutional. they're asking for the release of all asylum seekers back to australia. second, we're asking the australian government and png government to compensate them. >> reporter: australian government has spend hundreds of millions of dollars for taking the papua new guinea refugees. the policy has been a success, but those locked up don't is see

it in quite the same way farmers have been protesting in south korea over a free trade grement with china. the government and opposition have agreed to support the deal. it will eliminate tariffs on 73 billion dollars worth of exports to china. pope francis has brought a message of apeace on the final stop of his tour. he has urged both christians and muslims to lay down their weapons. >> reporter: a tight schedule, but security was only as tight as the pope would allow. he made a point of getting up close and personal with people in a country torn by conflict and poverty. at first we thought it was all a dream, but then finally it became a reality. all people are happy about his arrival. >> reporter: he has visited a

children's hospital. he focused on discouraging a conflict that has forced people into camps. >> translation: my wish for you and for all central africans is great peace among you, live in peace >> reporter: years of political violence are simmering with people fighting each other. more than a hundred people have been killed in only the last few months according to human rights watch. >> translation: all those who make unjust use of weapons of the world, lay down these instruments of death. arm yourselves instead with right eouness. >> reporter: he is taking a risk. he is there despite warnings from security. p.m. people have been deployed to watch over him. we need his message to

facilitate the work of - to bring people together to rebuilt social inclusion. to rebuild a kind of hope and also to the words. >> reporter: nows of muslims are stuck in the pk five neighborhood of bongee surrounded by armed christian groups. the pope plans to visit them on monday. a final push for peace at the end of an african tour. carl line molone more than five thousand people are meeting at a summit in johanesberg to try and make the cities more sustainable. more than 12 million people have been given free houses. it is facing a back lock of two million homes. >> reporter: this is one of hundreds of informal settlements the country's landscape.

these are the only option for people who cannot afford better. this land belongs to the south africary can nation roads agency which plans to build a road through it that piece of land was opened, not fenced, or looking after them, and when the people went to the land, the city were supposed to have sent its link or sent its security. >> reporter: last year over 800 people were evicted from the property and housed in a local community ward. city authorities have temporarily returned about half of them to their homes providing them with water and some sanitation, but those who were not provided for moved back here illegally. there are 14 informal settlements just like this one in this area alone. residents say there is a desperate need for housing.

as long as they have nowhere to go this is where they will stay despite facing eviction. >> reporter: this man and his family have been living here for almost two years. he will be relocated to a new site this month the city said. so many promises. since they promised they are going to put these shackss, electricity, they didn't do that. the only promise, they put the trailers which is less than that 45 day. >> reporter: rapid urbanisation means houses for the poor are not being built fast enough. according to the housing development agency an estimated 1.6 million households in south africa live in informal settlements. after investing in houses, the model of building one house at a time is not sustainable.

the on constraint is that the private sector hasn't figured out a model for picking the demand up >> reporter: 1.5 million knew homes will be built-in the next few years. we want houses with water and sanitation. that's all we need. >> reporter: he is just one of millions of south africans waiting for their dream to come true unmanned drones could soon be delivering your shopping. the on line retailer amazon has unveiled a proceed toe type that can deliver small parcels. it can fly up to 24 kilometres. rules allowing commercial drones over the next 12 will be finded. a memorial has been held for those who consider the first rugby. he was on-howard with a traditional hakka.

the people gathered in auckland's stadium for the service. he died on november 19 aged 40. of course you can get much more news on our website aljazeera.com. over the last 20 years japan's economy has been going nowhere fast. prime minister abe says the answer could be so simple, give working women the chance to shine. but will the men - and women of japan take up the challenge to change. i'm steve chao, on this episode of 101 east we investigate if japan's can be bridge its gender gap.