♪ >> announcer: this is al jazeera. ♪ hello there and welcome to the al jazeera news hour, i'm laura in doha and leaders in paris for a push for agreement on how to limit global warming. israeli court convicts two jewish settlers for murdering a palestinian teen, a message of reconciliation in a conflict zone and the pope preaches peace in the south african republic. all the sport including

[chanting] new zealand gets one of the greatest players a traditional farewell in front of family, team mates and thousands of fans in oakland's park. ♪ we begin this news hour in paris where world leaders have gathered for the u.n. climate conference known as cop 21 the start of two weeks of intense negotiations aimed at forging a deal to limit global warming in order to prevent disastrous climate change and 147 heads of state and government attending the opening day of the talks and 25,000 official delegates are hoping to secure a legally binding accord for every country

to cut their carbon admissions and needs to come into effect in the year 2020 when the commitments from the protocol run out and watching heads of state arriving at the talks and include those from the world east biggest polluters, china, united states and russia and ban ki-moon and the chief greeted the delegates and nick clark also at that conference and it's such a huge event with 147 leaders lining up there, i mean there is an awful lot rising on this particular conference, isn't there? >> absolutely to say the least, 147 leaders all here to give this conference much needed momentum. i've been saying a lot but the specificer of copenhagen is over

the conference and putting everything in to make it work and find the elusive climate deal and normally comes at the end but they come at the beginning to give it a boost and in an hour's time we will hear from president obama and xi jinping of china and romodi a little later in the day and keep an eye on the particular characters because they could be spoilers to the party as we seek a climate deal but as we move on we have to think about all the countries that are involved in what you are talking about and one of those is china. let's go straight to beijing where we find adrian brown, adrian. >> reporter: nick, it's ironic as president xi jinping has been basquing in the lime light in paris capitol city beijing has been smothered in pollution today, much of the day the air quality index has been above 560

and anything above 100 is considered dangerous and on the weekend they issued orange alert and only red is higher so a very bad day to be in city. the government says one of the problems for the pollution today is it's the start of winter and people have been burning coal to heat their homes and power stations depend on coal and a country hooked on fossil fuel. a few days ago i went to a city with a reputation and it's officially china's worst polluted city. northeast china is a grim place in windsor and more so now because the air quality in this industrial city has just been ranked the worst in china which makes it among the worst in the world. in the first five months of this year it had just 16 days when

the air quality was considered good by the country's environmental watchdog. >> translator: the air was very good before, when i was a kid the sky was very blue but now the smog is very serious. >> translator: in the old days the winter was very cold but you could still see the sun and now you can barely see it. >> reporter: and the sun was struggling to shine on the day we visited. government leaders have this year declared a war on pollution and have already made some painful decisions here. >> translator: the central government shut this factory to curb pollution because we produced a lot of wastewater and emissions and have to find a new location for the factory. >> more than 3,000 men and women lost their jobs when the government ordered this plant to close back in may and had been one of the regions biggest producers of polyester and say the authorities also one of the

biggest polluters. pollution in this city is a sensitive issue. but there are signs that they are trying to cleanup its act and reinvent itself and has been designated a low carbon city a hub for green technology home to the world's largest maker of solar panels and are now a feature of the streets. >> translator: we made a great contribution to the local economy and have more than 20,000 employees that have created many working opportunities for local people. >> reporter: the technologies not totally clean though because solar manufacturing still needs large amounts of coal fired power from the grid to run these machines. >> translator: we still need electricity to make our products. electricity is generated from energy like coal and we are a responsible enterprise and properly handle the wastewater

and emissions. >> china's transition to a green economy is likely to be a long on one. >> world pollution has been linked to hundreds of thousands of deaths in china. china is the world's biggest e mitter of greenhouse gasses but has pledged in the past to ensure that the growth in those emissions is halted by 2030. now the difficulty for china is this, it wants to reduce pollution, it is committed to doing that but doesn't want to threaten commission stability because closing the factories will close a lot of factories and in paris it wants to talk about what it's doing in the area of renewables, china in the last few years spent more than $100 billion developing things like solar and wind power. as you saw in my report it has been made but it's going to be a

very, very long journey. >> a long journey and thanks indeed and whys and where forths of climate change are complicated at the best of times so we asked our metrologist rob to explain it. >> our measure of global temperatures always compare of preindustrial levels, that is what the temperature was before 1818 when we started pouring vast amounts of carbon dioxide and it's one degree higher than then and rising fast and 12 warmest years are since 1998 and 2015 is expected to be the warmest of all and one degree doesn't sound much but it's more than what is manageable and two degrees would cause increase in the number of droughts, floods and severe storms. now it's thought that humans could cope with this level of extreme change but some plants and animals won't be so lucky

and they could be lost forever. sadly a two degree rise is at the lower end of what is expected to happen by 20100 and current projections say a rise of four or five degrees, that is a huge amount, an increase this large is likely to result in irreversible and catastrophic effects and droughts and heat waves of an unprecedented scale and severe shortages and as the world heats up so are the oceans and sea levels rise and 1880 may be 20 centimeters but 2100 as they expand and sea levels rise to 80 centimeters and two meters. this would spell disaster for many of the great coastal cities of the world. the harsh realities make simple by rob and head straight to the philippines to manila where margaret is standing by and margaret we are going to you

because the philippines know the effects of extreme weather events. >> exactly, speaking of coastal cities we are by the coast on manila bay and as mentioned this is definitely on the front line of the effects of climate change and over the last 20 years the philippines has seen the most number of severe weather events of anywhere in the world but the strongest storms to ever make landfall struck across the philippines in 2013 with 6,000 people left dead and the country is still trying to recover from the typhoon but has to prepare because there are endless typhoons coming here every year and only getting stronger and more unpredictable. margaret thanks very much indeed and looking down at the screen and i can see the ceremony is about to get underway and hearing from the

president of france francois hollande and ban ki-moon and ahead the world leaders will be speaking later at the day goes on and we will be back in paris just as soon as that starts. >> nick, thank you very much indeed and plenty happening and keep coming back to you for the crucial conference on climate change in paris. do stay with us here on this news hour, also still to come it's off limits to journalist but al jazeera finds out what life is like at a prison in new guinea from refugees turned back by australia. also puerto rico changing face of politics in the united states as they escape economic woes back home. and in sport one of basketball's all time great announces he will be retiring at the end of the season. ♪

two israeli men accused of killing a palestinian teen last year have been found guilty and 16-year-old was kidnapped in east jerusalem and then burned alive. let's go straight to stephanie decker who is live in east jerusalem and seen two men found guilty but what about the third who is also accused of brutal murder? >> that's right. well his lawyers last-minute submitted an insanity plea and this is what the court is addressing and are told a final verdict on his case will be on the 20th of december and the others, two minors have been found guilty and their argument is they were not involved in the kidnapping but not the murder but there is disappointment certainly when it comes to the main ring leader, a 13-year-old man david, ultra orthodox man and the feeling the street is this is being delayed and we

spoke to the lawyer of the family and who is disappointed and said this is a manipulation and this is what he had to tell us. >> translator: we don't have to wait for the court which has been expunged and could have responded to the main suspect's plea of insanity. >> reporter: still a lot of questions to be asked and specifically also when it comes to the sentencing. what is interesting is that the israeli parliament recently passed a law that had to do with palestinian minor whose are convicted of what they call terrorist acts, that is a maximum of a 13-year sentence and questions here being asked how will these two minors be treated, their sentencing is now due on january the 13th and the family lawyer told us to once the verdict comes out, this is the main ring leader in this case he will also if found guilty will be sentenced on

january the 13th so some way to go but also to give you other things the lawyer told us why was this insanity plea given on at the last hour-and-a-half and discontentment how this is being played at the moment. thank you and take you back to paris live conference and we have ban ki-moon speaking at the opening ceremony of cop 21. >> ladies and gentlemen, may i ask you to rise and observe a moment of silence in honor of the victims?

mersi and thank you. . >> translator: secretary-general of the united nations and ban ki-moon, ladies and gentlemen, heads of state and government, madam secretary at the conference, ladies and gentlemen, ministers, this is a historic day that we are

experiencing. france is welcoming 150 heads of state and governments, thousands of delegates from every continent. never has a conference welcomed so many dignitaries come from so many countries but never, and i say never, have the stakes of an international meeting been so hi high. since what is at stake is the future of the planets, the future of life, and yet two weeks ago here in paris it was death that a group of fanatics brought to the streets. here i want to express to you the gratitude of the french people for all of the shows of support, all of the messages,

all of the signs of friendship that we have received since the 13th of november. tragic events represent an n a afliction and also we focus on what is important. your presence has generated immense hope which we do not have the right to disappoint. because peoples and billions of human beings are watching us w now. i'm not choosing between the fight against terrorism and the fight against global warming. these are two major global challenges that we must overcome. because we must leave our children more than a world free of terror we owe them a planet protected from disasters, a

viable, livable planet. the year that we have just lived through has been a record-breaking year. temperature records, records c 02 concentrations, a record number of extreme climate events, droughts, floods, cyclones, ice melts, rising sea levels, the victims of these phenomenon number in the millions and the material in the billions. no country or region is spared the events of climate change. but how can we accept that it is the poorest countries, those with the lowest greenhouse gas

emissions that are the most vulnerable and that they are even further effected and therefore it's in the name of climate justice i'm speaking before you today and in the name of climate justice we must act. we need to wake up to the severity of the threats posed to balances in the world. climate change will bring conflict like clouds bring storms. it is causing migration which is causing more refugees to take flights than wars. states risk no longer being able to meet the basic needs of their population with risks of famine, mass rule exodus and clashes for access to that increasingly rare resource, water.

essentially what is at stake with this climate conference is peace and yet hope has emerged during prep rayes for cop 21. the international community in september provided itself with a complete agenda through the sustainable development goals which were adopted during the united nations general assembly and secretary-general ban ki-moon i congratulate you on that. 190 states that is almost all the planet's countries have put forward action plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to attack climate change and all actors of the global society, local governments, business, investors, citizens, all have

come on board for the climates. on top of this awareness and this mobilization there has been rapid progress made in clean and renewable energies, opening the way for a lower carbon economy. to make a success of this conference france has thrown its full weight behind its efforts and mobilized its entire government beginning with the minister of foreign affairs who will be the presidents of this conference. i have myself visited the regions worst effected by climate change. i returned home with the same conviction that we need to have sustainable and equitable developments without compromising the resources of our planet. this is the equation that we

together have to solve during this conference. i wanted the heads of state and government of the entire world to come together right from the beginning of our work to give this conference a drive and ambition commensurate to the challenge because on the 12th of december an agreement much be reached in paris against what conditions can we consider that this is a good agreement, that this is a great agreement, that this is an agreement which truly meets the expectations of people reaching into the future. there are three conditions that will allow us to say that the paris conference will or will not be a success. the first is that we need to determine, sketch out a credible path allowing us to limit global

warming to below two degrees celsius or 1.5 degrees celsius if possible. for us to be sure of being on the right path, we need to provide for regular assessment of our progress against the latest scientific conclusions and therefore set up a revision mechanism that corresponds with our meetings every five years. the second condition is that we respond to the climate challenge with solidarity. no states can abstain from its commitments even if a differentiation mechanism will be able to take into account development levels and situations. no territory should be left

alone to face climate change and notably the most vulnerable countries. my thoughts and there are islands which could very soon clearly and simply disappear. and here i want to be their voice because the very diversity of our planet is at stake and from this we must conclude the agreement must be universal and binding and developed countries must take their historic responsibilities. they are the ones who for years emitted the largest amount of greenhouse gasses. emerging countries must accelerate their energy transition and developing countries must be supported in adapting to the impacts of climate change.

hence they need to release and secure financing to promote technology transfer. in copenhagen the objective set at 100 billion is not an objective we should set here today but these are resources that we should free up with guarantees as to their origin and their availability. >> we have been listening to the french president francois hollande opening cop 21 in paris and highlighting its importance there and what is at stake is the future of the planet, its diversity of life, delegates have two weeks to come up with a deal for the one that expires 2020 and a little later we will be hearing from each leader and returning to the conference throughout the day. now we are going to take a little look at the weather with

stef and it's relevant that the awful smoke we saw in beijing earlier is due to emissions but what else in the weather causes that high level of pollution? >> this time of year we see very bad air quality in beijing and let me show you what is happening at the moment, the air quality index is hazardous 584 was the reading we had earlier on today and very high and of course 584 is just a number to you unless you know to be good air quality classed as good it's below 50 so clearly we are a long way above that. and what does an air quality index of 584 look like? well it looks like this, sort of looks like fog but it's dry. it also tastes like smog and tastes quite dirty and know it's bad for your health and why people end up wearing masks just to protect themselves. obviously we also have a lot of pollution in beijing. that is what causes it in the

first place, nothing really changes in winter to make that pollution worse but the weather changes and that is what makes the conditions worse. so in winter you often have high pressure and acts as a lid on the atmosphere and stops the pollution escaping up words and also because we have high pressure and it's winter we have light winds and there is nothing to blow the pollution out of the way and on top of that there is little rain and rain would wash out the atmosphere and not what we get in winter in beijing so over if next few days tuesday and wednesday the winds will pick up and make things slightly better but the wind and rain, not that we do need. living in temporary government shelters despite sustainable housing for all. and murray's davis cup means

more to the world number two than its grand slam title. ♪

♪ hello and welcome back to the news hour on al jazeera and top reminder of quick stories, u.n. conference of cop 21 have begun in paris and nearly 150 world leaders are there for two weeks with intense negotiations and aiming to forge a legally binding deal to limit global warming. one of the biggest polluters is china and beijing has the highest level smoke alert this year and people there are being urged to stay in doors and

levels of smoke are over 22 times than recommended by the world health organization. news two israeli men convicted of killing a teenager last year and 16-year-old was kidnapped and burned alive and a third suspect found responsible but verdict delayed because of a last-minute insanity plea. pope francis has brought a message of peace to the central african republic on the final stop of his african tour divided neighborhood in the capitol bongi and urged christians and muslims to lay down their weapons and gerald tan reports. >> reporter: a highly symbolic visit with security and the pope goes in the volatile area of bongi for a message of peace and the pk 5 neighborhood is surrounded by armed christians

groups and pontiff had an end for muslims and christians are brothers and repeated the calls from sunday. >> translator: my wish for you and for all central africans is peace, great peace among you, live in peace. >> reporter: there have been years of political division and violence in central african republic with muslims and christian malitias fighting each other, human rights watch says more than 100 people have been killed in the last few months. >> translator: all those who make unjust use of weapons of the world lay down these instruments of death and arm yourself instead with righteousness. >> this is the pope's final stop in the african tour with uganda and he is here despite security warnings from the french with 900 troops station there and 500 soldiers deployed and 3,000 u.n. peace keepers for the visit. >> we need his message to

facilitate the work of to bring people together to rebuild social cohersion and hope and call the attention of the words. >> reporter: this is the first time head of the roman catholic church has visited an active conflict zone in what some call a chance for hope during troubled times, gerald tan, al jazeera. >> people in islamabad voting in local elections and the first time they have gone to the polls since 1979 and means they will have local representation rather than being governed by the interior ministry and kamal has more. >> reporter: for the first time in the history of islamabad the people are coming out to participate in the local government elections. the last time such elections was held was back in 1979 and that was only in the rural areas. back then the population of islamabad was under half a

million and today it has grown to almost two million. the people will be electing their mayors and deputy mayors who will then sit on islamabad corporation and means these people will have a greater say as to what happens in their neighborhoods and their localities. >> translator: the people here are contesting these elections and are people from our own communities who know better about our problems and can fight for our rights. >> translator: these elections are important because we elect people from within our own community and the people who are elected for national and assemblies do not know about our problems. >> reporter: importantly the political parties are also participating but the people of islamabad are experiencing a new trend that they too will have a greater say in what happens within their city. this is after all a country which is deeply divided, something that you can see from

the various political banners but it is also a sign of strength that the people can participate in choosing their elected representatives to solve their problems. >> let's get back now to the paris climate conference and join our environment editor nick cla clark. >> thanks very much indeed you know the diversity of people that you meet at these conferences is quite astounding with all their expertise and knowledge and we have with us a real gem, naturalist in broadcasting and welcome to al jazeera. >> thank you. >> thank you for your time. first tell us why you are here. >> i'm here to support a project called the global apollo project designed to bring the best scientists in the world together to solve the problems of distributing, gathering and storing power from nonpolluting

sources, that is from the sun. and to do so at a price which undercuts how much it costs to produce energy in coal so at a blow you simply stop carbon being polluted by leaving the coal and the oil in the ground. and that applies to nations of all countries, developed, undeveloped, everybody. >> carbon is a big issue and talking about getting in the text by the year 2050 do you think it's realistic? >> i think the global apollo project is totally realistic and the suggestion is the coordinated brains of the world to work on a roadmap to see what the problems are, to divide up the problems and to do that, if you can put a man on the moon in ten years the world scientists ought to be able to solve these problems and one percent of the

energy from the sun and if you manage that you will have all the power it needs. i don't believe that is beyond human possibility. >> that is extraordinary, isn't it? >> you for a lifetime traveled the world and seen the beauty and diversity and natural wonder, how serious, and i know you are not a specific expert in this but what do you think of the state of the planet right now? >> yes, indeed and we are moving out to the two degree thing, two degrees rise in the temperature of the oceans will kill a whole proportion of the fish that we know and will not be able to survive. the coral reefs will disappear and a high portion of the population depends on fish and do more and more and so dangers just facing the oceans are

really important. >> now you interviewed the u.s. president barack obama a little while ago, what impression did you get from him about his commitment to change? he will be speaking here in just over an hour as you know. >> i believe that he in his heart he is totally with the proposition and i'm not an expert on american politics but i'm sure it's tangled as other nation's politics and how you handle this is a matter for politicians but i'm quite sure that president obama wishes to solve this. >> finally, if you would for countries like india who want to move on and bring people out of poverty it's hard for them to agree to it. >> not at all and this applies to india as much as anybody else and india has power that is much cheaper than it is now >> we will leave it there and perhaps you should address the conference and could convince a lot of people yourself, david in paris, back to you.

>> thank you very much, fantastic to see such a great man on our screen and of course i'm talking about you. now a summit is being held in johannesburg to try and improve living standards in africa's cities, south africa government provided free housing to millions of people in the last 20 years but there is backlog of 2 million and forcing people to live in poorly built homes. >> reporter: one of hundreds of informal settlements dotting south africa's landscape and these shacks are the option for many who cannot afford better in the western cape but this land belongs to the national road agency and plans to build a road through it. >> it was open and when the people went to the land, the city we are supposed to have

sent the authority a result. >> reporter: last year over 800 people were evicted from the property and housed in a local community. authorities have temporarily returned about half of them to their homes providing them with water and some sanitation. but those who are not provided for moved back here illegally stretching already limited resources and there are 14 informal settlements just like this one in this area alone and residents say there is a desperate need for housing and as long as they have no where to go this is where they will stay despite facing eviction. >> living here almost two years and the city of cape town says he will be relocated to a new site this month. >> feel like there is promises and they promise they will put this and didn't do that.

the only promise they kept they put their toilets which is less than that for the five-day promise to put it. >> reporter: houses for the poor are not being built fast enough and according to the housing agency 1.6 million households in africa live in informal settlements. >> after 20 years of investing in 2-3 million houses in the country which is amazing achievement and building one house at a time is not sustainable and the other constraint is the fact the private sector has not yet figured out a model for picking that demand up. >> reporter: the government has promised to build 1.5 million homes in the next four years and for him his dream is a simple one. >> what we need is decent houses, water and sanitation, that is all we need. >> reporter: but he is just one of millions of south africans waiting for that dream to come

true, al jazeera, in the western cape a judge in new guinea will decide if a prison set up is legal and the jail was created to hold people seeking asylum in australia but human rights groups criticized the way detainees are being treated and we report from the island. >> reporter: journalists and cameras are banned but by boat you can get close to the manus island processing center and more accurately it's a prison for nearly a thousand men is right on the coast. the refugees locked inside want to talk and some bribed cleaners and guards for phones. what do you think is going to happen? >> i have learned there is not a hope. this world is deleted in my vocabulary. and people who are religious before and now are atheist because they say if there would be a god they would have saved us by now. we are human.

we are not animals. >> reporter: the prison was established as another for families in another pacific islands and people taking boats seeking asylum are returned at sea or deported to much more poor countries with no prospect of ever living in australia and it worked and the boats of refugees have almost entirely stopped coming to australia but the legacy is people are still locked up in there after two years of arriving on australian soil. we managed to drive past security guards and through the facility. those we talked to say conditions inside are terrible. in the past presidents have sewn their lips together in protest and last year unrest inside outsiders broke in and beat one man to death, 50 men and the first is genuine refugees have been released and live if a nearby transit center and still

guarded and they can leave and walk to the local town but so far only one man has left manus island altogether and he was an engineer in iran and fled after concovering corruption and he bought a plane ticket to the capitol and there he is about to start a low-paying job. >> i'm happy i could live there from here and getting happiness and getting out of a terrible situation to bad situation and in the moment i'm in a bad situation. >> new guinea is too poor with too much crime he thinks and other refugees on manus hope a legal case will go their way if they have imprisonment unconstitutional. >> release of refugees and asylum from new guiney and asking for compensation. >> reporter: hundreds of

thousands of dollars for taking the refugees and has been worth it, the policy has been a success but those locked up don't see it in quite the same way, andrew thomas, al jazeera, manus island new guinea. still to come on this news hour, going for gold and people in india say they are skeptical of government schemes to tap into their precious investments and how this opens a new season in canada with a bang, details coming up, with joe, next.

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india is trying to convert massive amount of gold in temples and people's homes and new funding for the economy and began with bonds today but indian public not seem to buy it and indians had a love affair for gold and wearable wealth and status was simply a way of saving and estimated $1 trillion of gold all sitting idle in homes and temples and here is why bank accounts are difficult to get in india and gold offers an appealing way of saving without paying tax and the price of gold dipped sharply since the peak in 2012 and still killed a safe physical investment and the government wants to channel some of the estimated 20 thousands of gold in the system but we explain that things so far have

not gone quite as planned. >> reporter: gold is big business in india and used in daily life and on special occasions as security and a sign of prosperity and now the government wants some of the wealth to be put in the financial system and created several new mechanisms like forth depositing gold for interest and people need persuading to hand over precious metals even those who think it's a good idea. >> translator: it sounds good but most people don't know about it. we will only put our gold in if we believe our family will be benefit from the scheme. >> reporter: gold holds a significance in significance. >> want to see gold in their hands and it's not just gold but the goddess of wealth and people take care of their gold and tradition of mothers passing

gold on to their daughters. >> reporter: they believe some of the new gold programs have not caught on. getting indians to part with their gold has not been easy, less than 500 in gold deposits have been collected so far with the other gold programs at best having a luke warm reception and the country is trying to convert the wealth into money for the economy because of potential benefits. indian temples and homes hold 20,000 metric tons of gold worth about $800 billion and they believe a fraction of that put in the financial system would make india one of the top economies and could fund roads and buildings but those in the gold sector say the government program is not working. >> translator: the regular bank deposit rate is between 7-8% but the government gold deposit rate is 2.5%, that is too low. if it was higher maybe the scheme would be successful.

the government also wants people to convert it into 24 karets and the charges are bound by the customer and have not made the calculations before the scheme and that is why it's not working. >> reporter: gold deposited would first have to be melled down and processed at the owners expect that and widespread ignorance about the gold programs mean most people are not able to weigh the program's benefits to themselves or the country. al jazeera, india. let's get all the sport now. >> laura thank you. thousands turned up in new zealand to remember one of regular rugby's players who died two weeks ago and we report from oakland. >> a big send off for a big man.

his coffin is brought to new zealand's rugby oakland park. >> there has never been a player like jonah and never one like him. >> reporter: died 12 days ago from cardiac rest and came back from england and believed from a blood clot on his lung contributed to his death. >> the valleys of rugby. >> reporter: he was the youngest at 19 years old and a powerful force on the field which took everyone by surprise. >> stop the ball getting to jona and that was hard but when we got the ball in his hands he was devastating. >> on the wing and 160 kilos and

can step and have all that power that set him apart. >> reporter: rugby's first ever global super star. >> there is no doubt that jonas performance at the rugby cup and huge popularity in south africa was the catalyst for the game turning professional later that year. >> reporter: but just months after the 1995 world cup campaign he was diagnosed with a rare and serious kidney disease. despite his illness he played 63 all black tests in the number 11 jersey and bernard says joined thousands of mourners for the public farewell. ♪ which was lifted by heart-felt performances from students of former schools and emotional from past all blacks and leaves behind wife nadine and two young

sons and a sporting nation who will sorely miss him. jonah leads the pack for the final time and the casket to the family home for a private ceremony, oakland, new zealand. live to brussels where nato secretary is talking and holding a press conference for the turkey prime minister. >> this shows how important it is to strengthen national mechanisms, to build stability, transparency and predictability in our relationship with russia. this is key to reducing the risks of incidents and accidents and if they occur to prevent them from escalating and come out of control. we will discuss this issue of

reducing mechanisms at the ministerial meeting which starts tomorrow here at the nato headquarters so once again prime minister it's a great honor and great pleasure to have you here and welcome. >> thank you very much. distinguished members of the press we had a fruitful meeting with stalzenburg but this is my first visit as prime minister of turkey and shared many in our agenda but the main was the downing of the fighter jet in the turkish air space in 24 of november and talk about details and first of all let me say our gratefulness because of nato support and personal support of

secretary-general after nato council meeting last week after this event. i want to be very clear here. turkish air space is turkish and our action was a defensive action and we wish it had not happened but that at the same time our rules of engagement was very clear, was declared in advance and was informed to russian site our neighbor and friend russia three times in ankara and italian that turkish air space should be respected after three violations committed by russian planes and we also made very clear that turkish-syrian border is a national security issue for turkey. defense action, if there was no violation there wouldn't be such a crisis today. that is the responsibility of the incident on 24th of november clearly does not rest with

turkey by any means. we have no intention whatsoever to escalate the situation. we are ready to talk at every level in order to prevent further similar cases on turkish-syrian border, i under line this is turkish-syrian border, not the border of any other country and turkey has tried to defend air space and turkey also wants to have good relations with russia and with all the other countries who are fighting against da'esh on the ground. we are ready to make cooperation but the bombardment which was done during this incident was not against da'esh. there is no single i.s.i.l. position in this part of syria and we have turned to russia and france that the bombardment against civilians on our border

is creating new waves of refugees which do not go to russia or any other country and coming to turkey and turkey after every bombardment receiving more and more tens of thousands refugees from syria. so turkey is a country paying the price of this crisis and cannot be blamed because of defending our air space. what is the lesson out of this experience? first, if there are two coalitions functioning in the same air space against i.s.i.l. this type of incident, it will be difficult to prevent. one site united states led coalition including turkey operations against da'esh and syria, on the other side russia is doing another operation that they need to coordinate the activities against da'esh. second, if we are fighting against da'esh we have to fight only against da'esh, not against

moderate opposition, not against civilians even after this incident, yesterday there was russian bombardment in idlib and in turkey we received the injured people totally burned and in idlib there is no da'esh. there has been bombardment by russian planes against humanitarian convoy carrying humanitarian needs to aleppo so we have to agree that, yes, all of us, we are fighting against da'esh and, third, turkish border is a national security border for turkey and respect russian national concerns and expect russia and france to understand our national security concerns. based on these we are ready to talk to have military channels

with russia and any other country in order to prevent these unintentional incidents and in order to plan for the future fight against terror and in order to have a syria which after first of january they will have a new process for political solution with turkey and saudi arabia and the four party group in last week they came together even for this really to have a strong diplomatic channel to work together so and turkey-syrian border also is a nato border and violation was not only against turkish border but also against nato border and therefore same day we gave all the details, all the details to nato allies in council meeting

and we are ready to share all information with any party to satisfy, to convince, to explain our position and again i want to express for clear position of nato and clear position of secretary-general personally, yesterday i had a chance to meet with eu leaders here in brussels and again i want to express our thanks to all nato allies, expressing the solidarity with turkey. thank you very much. >> first question turkey. >> secretary-general from turkey the prime minister has talked a little bit about it but there is a lot of separation in europe in russian press that turkey did not give the correct information about the flight, that there was no air space infringement et cetera and a lot of speculation on that, can you tell us if turkey