♪ . a climate deal is finally, reached in paris hello. you arewatch watchingays live from london. also coming up, a rising death toll in burundi after unknown gunmen attacked military sites. a landmark woman for saudi women as they become candidates and voters in local elections. tensions between iraq and turkeyey spill out on to the streets.

♪ now, there a has been a defendant major breakthrough in a unified global push to tackle climate change. 195 countries have said yes to a landmark deal at the climate talks in paris. the country is involved to cut greenhouse emissions and the host nation france says it is the first universal agreement on the climate. the deal has an ambitious goal to keep the temperatures rice blow two degrees celsius. lauren fabius says the deal is balanced and legally binding. each nation's commitment will be reviewed every five years. nick clark has been following the summit in paris. >> the moment the world agrees to tackle climate change. >> so, the paris agreement was born.

emotions spilled over to bring more than 1 fwhient countries together to come up with a universal packet was an extraordinary achievement. so much so that lawrence fabius banged the gavel again. >> so, i have been asked to bang the gavel again. it's a little gavel, but i think it can do great things. earlier, there was a moment of high drama as suddenly the texted and with difficulty. apparently it was just typing errors due to lack of sleep. >> as a result of the finalization of documents in haste by colleagues who had not slept for days, a number of errors, regrettably were not detected in the document as it was being finalized in the early hour of this morning. the secretary regrets the errors and i would apologize for the over sight. >> outside the main hall, acknowledge that the deal is done but that a compromise is made. >> in the end, we all

compromised. developed countries compromised. that's what a negotiation is about. we all compromised. otherwise, we wouldn't have had a negotiation. and we come out all as winners. >> at last, there is a platform from which an assault will be launched. >> this agreement is a good agreement. it's strong in the ambition to hold down temperature in greece, stronger than we anticipated actually and we thought it would be about two degrees increase, holding to two degrees increase, but they put on the table doing their best to get as close as they can to 1.5. >> earlier in the day, action continued as activists allowed to protest. it has certain two weeks to get to this point, not to mention the months and years of pain and frustration since the failure of copenhaguenen 2009. spirits are high as the importance of what happens, inc., in but very soon, it will be all about putting a paris

agreement into practice. >> environment editor nick clark joins us live from paris. you are saying it's been an exhausting few days for everyone involved and people covering the summit like yourself. it was years in the making. in the end, everyone managed to get on board. >> absolutely. 196 countries getting to agree on this way forward was a monumental effort. they have managed to achieve that. we have this paris agreement, an accord that's been ought after for many years, but as i say n my package there, a lot of compromises have been made along the way. and i would like to examine a few of those with our guests now. eric pism ka from friends of the earth, america. erica, a lot of positive reaction to what's happened today. is that your sense, too? >> i think the world, government leaders, wanted to see some sort of an agreement. right? negotiating tract since cop

copenhagen has been slow and tedious. we had copenhagen broke down as a major climate conference. to have paris come to an agreement, a nam agreement, it means a lot for just kind of momentum and international talks. >> okay. but so where do you think the holes are? >> how long have we got? >> i don't know if we have enough time. so, thet to get that agreement, you know, what they had to do was, you know, there was this kind of commitment to 1.5 degrees celsius. and it ended up being kind of a weak commitment. it's in the preamble. it says we may try to get down to 1.5drese celsius. >> a month ago, people wouldn't thought it would get there at all. >> it's a good thing but if you put it in to create false expectations, assume you have checks and time lines that increase the goals and the aspirations of the pledge, it doesn't do that. so, it's sitting there, like an

aspirational goal but none of the mitigation targets, none of the greenhouse gas emission targets get you there. in fact, you can't find a target or a date in the text, itself. all you see: we will peek global emissions as soon as possible. i don't know what "as soon as possible" means in a legal context. what about greenhouse gas net neutral between 2050 and 21 -- and 2100. >> to get the kind of deal you would like to see is impossible. so you need to get this raft of compromises which everybody knew was going to happen and you have the launchpad to improve things as the years go on. >> i think so. but we are running out of time. i mean the physics and the atmosphere tell us that we have to hit peak carbon and be de carbonizing by 2050. so we can have the political xrolsz that kind of create these international feel-good moments,

which are needed and necessary. but we shouldn't use these moments to convince ourselves that we are putting ourselves on the proper trajectory to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the rate necessary to avoid significant climate -- significant damage caused by climate change. >> with a do nations have to take away from this once this euphoria or successful agreement has died down? >> i think there are a couple of issues. i think one is this is just the beginning. the fossil fuel industry is not going to go down easy. this is beginning to signal the end of the fossil fuel industry. there are a lot of these reduction goals that are in the texts, you know, that each country submitted that are frankly full of hot air. there is a lot of fiction in these, in their individual areas number 2, we can't address climate change unless we are addressing justice. we have billions of people around the world who are being

impacted by climate change right now by no fault other than their own that they just live in a world that has allowed the united states and some of the other developed countries to emit half the pollution historically. so to get, you know, to moving forward, we have to make those commitments to those populations that we are going to provide them with financing because they are going to have to adapt to a world. we are going to have to give them money for mitigation to help them leapfrog technology so they are doing renewable energy and at the end of the day, they need some sort of mechanism where, you know, we are going to have some island states that will go literally extinct. somebody has to be held liable and accountable for that. what the united states did in particular is they said, yes, we can talk about who is liable, but we are not going to allow you to do any type of financial reward or damages. >> all right. okay, eric. appreciate that.

thank you very much indeed. so we have the agreement but still, clearly, there is a long way to go to get a climate deal ultimately that the world needs. ♪ escalating has left at least 87 dead in burundi due to fighting. a series of coordinated attacks on military did he havecites on friday, the military says 79 of the dead were fighters who attacked the site. another 45 were captured. the months' long violence is linked to the president winning a third term in office which many considered unconstitutional. the latest death is the worst outbreak of violence since a failed military coup in may. malcolm webb has covered burundi

extensively. he phoned in this update for us from uganda. >> friday morning, members of an unnamed group attacked military bases, three military bases. their objective seems to take we hopes to steal we hopes. a press conference, they said they fought them off and killed 79 of them and captured 45. what we have heard from residents in certain areas where there is a lot of opposition to the president and opposition to his first term in power to which he was elected and a future election in july. friday afternoon, friday night, they say members of a police unit known to be loyal to the president and of the president guard went to the people's houses, pulled people out of their houses and shot them in the street. some of them had their arms tied

together. others not. they are mostly young men, the people that residents say were killed. the army spoekdz man didn't agree to comment on this in the press conference. that's what we were told. the government is trying to play everything down as much as thing. they organized a march for peace with dozens of government supporters protected by soldiers and police marching through the streets and the government trying to very much give the impression that it is business asub. the u.n., the u.s., and other keen international players don't agr agree with that. they don't see it the same way and they keep expressing concern about what they think is escalating violence that could soon see a return to civil war. >> having spoke to jonathan afanse, he says there are fears burundi could descend into ethnic violence. >> going by the history of the country, of burundi, because of

the 12-year bloody civil war between the hutus and the tuusies. they fought a bloody war which was along tribal lines and it ended a few years ago, leading to elections. so far, there has been to efforts but judging by the history, it could raise its uglihead. >> police in switzerland say they have arrested two people of syrian origin on suspicion of making and transporting ex plossiz. the attorney general said they alleged lyn violated plans on al-qaeda and " isil. it took place if geneva of the attorney general said one

suspect had a huge number of weapons. >> we received an individual had we hopenals, a klasnikov, an axe, a pistol, about 30 older weapons. voting it closed in a historic election in saudi arabia. it's the first time women have been allowed to vote and stand as candidates. around 900 women and 6,000 men are running for elections to local councils. they are the country's only elected bodies. the legal voting age has been lowered from 21 to 18. the announcement has been mixed. >> i am so proud of this improvement in saudi. and i hope any female gets elected today. this is a big opportunity for females. i think that they could really make a difference in saudi.

>> we know women make up half of society, but her role is not at sus places. it's administrating her house and bringing up a new generation. if we allow her to get out of her house action who is going to take care of my son? >> a hand grenade attack in ethiopia has left at least 2 for people. it's the latest violent innocent where where there is anger over a government development plan for the city. more from the ethiopian capitol. >> reporter: it's not known exactly how many people have been killed. some say this video shows police firing during a demonstration at the university more than 500 kilometers eat of the capital. activists say there are protests like this happening almost every day.

it's a sharp contrast with the capital where developments such as these are entrying up all over contributing to the country's booming economy, one of the fastest growing in the world. a government plan to, as it scribes, better integrate development across the wider region is facing growing opposition from many of the people who live here. no one we asked would speak on camera. these farmers are being offered cash to give up their land to the developers. >> a majority of the people who live around the area are the aroma. aromo activists accuse others of ignoring cultural rights. police have shot dead a number of people in the aromia until days. we cad people in villages where we have heard there have been

proceed cests >> translator: the federal police are here it's impossible to move. three people are dead. there are people who have been wounded. some of them have been hit in their legs. i don't have the name list. there are others who have been placed prisonn. >> having served more than 3 and a half of an 8-year prison sentence for being what the government called an aromo terrorist corporation. >> the question is it is not only building. it's not only constructing houses. it should be some kind of huge development. >> area must be developed as well. there should be accomodation in which they must maintain their identity as well. >> government leaders say they are listening. >> the government will continue to take measures to address the

problems of people. the government will do everything necessary enter as ethiopia builds toward the future. many aroma people sayther they feel increasingly left out. >> still ahead for you on al jazeera: waiting for change after months of war, yemen prepares for with a could be a crucial cease-fire. for decades, it's been a defendant symbol of free speech in a part of the world where that has been challenged. will things change for this ei n iconic newspaper as it acquires a mainland chinese newspaper? ♪

>> images matter. >> innovative filmmaker, spike lee - on his controversial new movie. >> the southwest side of chicago is a war zone. >> taking on the critics. >> and another thing... a lot of the people have not seen the film. >> and spurring change through his art. >> we want this film to save lives. >> i lived that character. >> we will be able to see change.

welcome back. a recap the top stories. 195 countries have said yes to a landmark deal on climate change. the top 21 agreement asks all nations to limit their greenhouse gas emissions. a last-minute sticking point over wording threatened to derail the agreements. since then, many have taken the floor to praise. >> burundi's army says 87 people have been killed in the country's capital. a cease-fire in yemen's civil war will start on december 14th according to the head of the houthi rebel delegation. he will go to switzerland next week for peace talks. he made the afoundsment at a press conference in sanaa.

the country has been engulfed in conflict ever since a saudi-led co allegation list this year. >> we managed to pave the way for the 10 points document and the 7 points document. unless sent to the united states is now solid ground for political dialogue there have been protests in baghdad against turkey's deployment of troops near mosul. shiia militia are demanding their withdraw. so far, turkey has refused. al jazeera's osama bin someways jabai. >> reporter: the disputes over the deployment of turkish troops in iraq seems to be spilling beyond political speechdz. thousands of shism ia militia

call on the capitol. they are calling on the government to do more. one of iraqtion most powerful clerics spoke. >> turkey is on the your doors. there was a saying they would end the invasion by military means. we are watching these people who say they want to fight turkey. if they don't do their discussed, we will take action after awhile. >> iraq's government has filed a formal complaint with the u.n. the prime minister wants turkib forces withdrawn from northern iraq immediately. >> sending turk irwin armed forces without the permission of the iraq government is not considered a help against terrorism. it's a blatant violation of iraq's sovereignty. there are no any other armed forces against turkey. it's without our permission or knowledge and all that is said otherwise is pure fabrication. >> many in the kurdib territory believe other regional powers are influencing iraqi rhetoric. iraq has close ties with iran

which is an ally of russia. since turkey shut down a russian war plane, washington is using multiple methods to tell others relations are not friendly. >> there is an agreement between the peshmerga, iraqi troops to liberate by training sunny fighters. they came on a request from the mosul governor hoping turkey would not pull out. >> they feel it's important for the for the fight against isil but long-term national interests. turkish forces were sent there with mutual consent. >> we will not withdraw our troops. we are determined to continue the training process, but we will do that with mutual understanding. we haven't dispatched combat troops but we sent reendorsements to protect our soldiers training iraq fighters. >> the agreement between ankara and baghdad is a sense tu matter

here in northern iraq. politicians have been told not to waste their opinions. others here will tell you that this war of words is not helpful for kurdish fighters who are manning a fronts line against isil that is more than 900 kilometers long. osama binjaba, erbil. >> more on the landmark climate change agreement that has been signed in paris. u.s. president barack obama is poised to weigh in to the climate talks and will speak to the media shortly. standing buy in washington, d.c. what are the expectations from obama's speech? >> we got a preview from an obama stamp who tweeted this: this is huge. almost every country in the world has signed on to the paris agreement on climate change thanks to american schluetership. i am sure we would get more of the same from president obama. i believe the general sense is that this will now spur on

greater investment in to clean energy and green alternatives to fossil fuels. having said all of that, we have to remember, though, we are hearing a range of opinions of the sort that mix with some report from earlier, some welcoming of the fact that the temperature rise is hopefully going to be limited to under two degrees centigrade, hopefully 1.5 degrees but there is a recognition some of these key points aren't legally binded because american didn't want them to be so they didn't have to go to congress. there is nothing legally binding in this statement, in this deal, that commits any country to reduce their emissions and despite what fabios and others are saying in paris, there is no money for developing cut trees. i mean at least there is a goal of $100 million still on the table for continuing countries to mitigate climate change. that's in the preambell to the testings itself.

there is this range of opinions we are hearing. james hanson, the former nasa scientist who did so much to alert the world, already called the whole process a fraud. he used a stronger word from that. but i don't think i can use that on television and the u.s. or rather the canadian activist is in. she noted the entire treaty or agreement -- not a treaty. there is no mention of fossil fuels throughout the whole thing. activists are telling us there are different ways of looking at it. we have heard it's more of the same or we can say if this is the most they are willing to do, the most they are willing to do, we will use this as a framework to keep on pushing, keep on mobilizing to make sure that fossil fuels stay in the ground and catastrophic climate change doesn't happen. >> awaiting the reaction from president obama. a couple of other stories to bring you. chinese internet giant alibaba has bought south morning post lead to go fears about

journalist in china. they plagued to uphold the ermentd independent but when it comes to china coverage, it says the world needs a plurality of views warning of western bice in the mainstream media. that's it from london. myself and the team here in london. do stay with al jazeera. we are going to take you in a few moments time to our head garz in doha where my colleague is standing by to bring you all of the latest continuing coverage on the paris agreement, including u.s. barack obama's reaction to the top 21 deal. stay withays.

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we're not quite sure - >> is that an i.e.d.? >> religion. long the spiritual nourishment of the soul. now groundbreaking research on how it impacts the brain. >> because it's the biggest question out there. >> scientists analyzing the minds of believers. >> can you tell the difference between the brain of mother theresa versus a terrorist? >> you are watching aljazeera. i'm jonathan martin in new york and president obama is speaking and we are going to listen in. >> setting the world on a course of low carbon future. a few hours ago we succeeded. we have come together around the strong agreement that the world needed. we met the moment.