back now to be conversation with graca machel. she was in behind to receive the scol global treasure award in recognition of her advocacy of women's and children's rites. joining our conversation is sally osburg the c.e.o. of the foundation, founding and encouraging social change and problem entrepreneursh entrepreneurship. she tells us why it is a disruptive force, and how it's needed now, more than ever. what is is it? >> social entrepreneurs are

entrepreneurs disrupting the equill ibrya in our societies. that sound fancy, but they are working on the issues that graca machel described - issues of child nutrition, issues of child mortality, issues of child empower. and education. heath access and equity. all those issues come together for social entrepreneurs. they find innovative solutions that often have at their heart partnership and collaboration with the communities they serve. >> how does that differ from the aid model we are familiar with and why do you find it more preferable than the aid model. >> that is a politically charged question. i think after the world war ii,

we actually developed a model development that served us well through the martial plan, but put in place a paradigm that has come to be highly formed. this paradigm looks at technocratic solutions that can be delivered top down to the west to the developing world and ultimately communities had no stake in their solutions. i could rattle off a number of social entrepreneurs working in every field that see the collateral damage in many places, but also the waste and lack of evocation in the solutions. not because people aren't well intended or they don't want the same kind of benefits, but they parachute in with the models, whether it's a new approach to drilling wells or a school, we can count the number of schools over the developing world, that don't have teachers and books, or the operating apparatus that

they need to deliver education to students. we can see in the health systems, the lack of attention to transportation, to deliver health benefits. so they - the social entrepreneurs are fighting on two fronds, for the empower the of communities and solid arties of working with the families, the communities to solve the problem that is theirs to solve, age, recognise and theirs to solve, and they are fighting a system of development imposing solutions on them without including them. >> graca machel, you are one the mothers of the nation, with ministers and early government. you have the portuguese to go home after four centuries. countries like mozambique were flooded with aid for decades after the liberation studies were over, after decolonization

was over. were there short comings in that entrepreneurs. social entrepreneurs. >> absolutely. i can say it was not only the global agencies which supported mozambique, we as soon as also, as a government. member of government at the beginning. we thought we'd solve the problem. we didn't engage communities enough in terms of reflecting the issues. helping them to prioritise, know this if they had 100 needs, what are the strategic ones they start with to have a multiplying effect to solve the others. this is the lessons we have learnt, i have learnt, and that's why in the last part of

my life i'm committed to work with communities, and within communities, with social networks, which are the ones who no better their realities, they are the ones with the right communications with members of the communities. are the one who have to drive change. we simply facilitate, we bring additional resources. sometimes new ideas to offer for them to make an option, but there is definitely a changing of how do you know when it's going to develop. you develop yourself as an individual, as a community, and if it goes to global countries have to develop themselves. so these are lessons which have come from experience, actually. it's not fear from experience. when i left the government and established community

development, it was precisely to change the paradigm of how i participate in society. >> at the beginning of society i you talked about the different things you are doing. you've been at this for 40 years, are there points you say "i got to let one of these things go or i got put someone else in charge or i have to stop flying this 8,000 mile trip that i take once every six weeks, i just got to slow down." >> not yet. whenever you challenged with the type of struggles communities are facing, you sit with them. you see the determination of those women and men. you see the determination of young people. you see children who are really coming up with ideas and creative ways of

solutions. you simply cannot have the luxury of going back home and job." >> graca machel said she'll never step down from her work, but will slow down when her body tells her it's time. when we return, i asker why change is so hard to accomplish in the countries where she

worked. back to my conversation with graca machel. mozambique said and south africa's former first lady. she was on the scene in both countries when they experienced major upheaval, explains why change is hard to do, and why

the next south african leaders are well prepared to connect to the global community i wanted to take you to mozambique in the 1970s, south africa in the mid-1990s, after liberation, there were so many things to be done. everywhere you looked things needed doing. we are now 40 years into mozambique's story. 20 years into south africa's post-liberation story. do you look back now, ever, with regret? do you see mistakes that were instead even mistakes that were made by yourself in hope, in a forward-looking view of the country, but you didn't know then what you know now. are those countries that you know so intimately, that you had the rare opportunity to know so intimately

way? >> the results of these 40 years from mozambique and 20 for south africa are mixed. we managed - i think the best of investment we have made along these years, it was empowering the young people. you have now generations of young people who connect with the global communities, and keep things going. what they do know is a better viewpoint into the system, the institutions we have there. i think you go to mozambique, you'll find a bubbling of young people. i think the

model, i think we are not allowing stakeholders to regularly sit around and even expecting parliament to be - payment dialogue. their occupying positions, they constantly take advice support recommendations and implement people's aspirations, and if you talk of future, if they don't have a future in which to shape the future. they don't have space in which they meaning fully participate. we can talk about the future. they are doing well to develop, and we need to change the way

institutions are shaped, and the way institutions. people need to be decision making. as to be sure on people's aspirations at a given time. >> just one government. there may be thousands of social entrepreneurs. do they teach about their work? >> an example? take rwanda 20 years back. i visited rwanda four months after the genocide. i don't think i can describe what i have gone through. travelling in

those. the country was at a level that no one could describe. 20 years later. they managed movement to bring together all stakeholders to face the consequences of genocide, to design the work to the end. i'm saying the change which has happened in 20 years. many governments in our continent who have become independent 50 years, and where that's been for 40 years. >> graca machel of the graca machel trust, and now skol

global treasure award winner, great to have you n "inside story". and sally good to see you our thanks to the skol foundation and c.e.o. sally osburg for their help, and congratulations to graca machel for winning the skol treasure arure award, when we return i'll have final thoughts on graca machel, africa and liberation.

minister of education, graca machel married the president of newly liberated mozambique in 1975.

after a threw out its portuguese colonial masters mozambique declared itself a marxist leninist state making friends in moscow and other capitals. it was fascinating 40 years later to hear this woman talk about social envery presentureship, and not believing the government could solve all problems. africa changed and so has graca machel. development was shaped and stunted by the cold war after country after colonial pasts looked for friends, east and west. power comes from ballots, not bullets. urging them on is a former revolutionary, graca machel. i'm ray suarez, join us for the next "inside story".

one of syria's most powerful rebel leaders is killed in an air strike. with the latest world news from al jazeera. also ahead in the next half hour. >> reporter: i will tell you why some sunni tribes men are afraid to return home catering for those in need. money being made out of the refugee crisis. holidays going up in smoke.