al jazeera america.

harry faucet is with more >> reporter: the more times korea it carries out these, the

more potentially it learns about what it could be useful in terms of a military missile program, potentially in the future a nuclear-tipped missile program. china has an important interest in keeping north korea stable. it doesn't want to see a unified career under u.s., some sponsorship or very important u.s. ally right up against its border with north korea. it doesn't want to see a refugee crisis in hundreds of thousands of people streaming into china if that regime were to collapse. it needs to see a stable north korea. there are limits in the chinese view as to how much it can punish north korea in terms of the current sanctions, let alone signing up to a further set.

here we are a month on from that test. still no obvious progress in terms of new sanctions at the u.n. and this launch, of course, complicates things further our pentagon correspondent is on the phone. we know that officials have been keeping close watch on north korea nor decades. is this-- for decades. is this test launch a supplies? >> no. because north korea actually announced it was going to do this in defiance of u.n. resolutions that print the north from conducting ballistic missile tests. the pentagon has confirmed that north korea has launched a missile. we're told that the u.s. is tracking the missile. it poses know threats to anyone right now. the threat comes from the fact that north korea continues to test this technology. north korea has for quite some time wanted to be able to marie

a nuclear war head that's small enough to fit atop a missile, with a missile that has the range to reach the u.s. there are rudimentary ability to shoot down such a missile. but this is a launch of a satellite dubbed low star or bright as far, but it is in defiance of the international community. it has been condemned by china, the u.s. and other countries in the region and japan had actually threatened at one point to shoot at the missile, shoot down the missile if it passed over japanese territory. there is no indication that that has happened. north korea, of course, very defiant in saying that any attempts to shoot at its peaceful space launch would be a provocative act. so right now the pentagon is monitoring the situation.

the u.s. has a lot of censors that can track this. we expect expect that they will file some update in an hour this is a missile and not as north korea claims a rocket launch to test satellite technology. we are looking at images, the installation of the missile interceptors that you were referring to. no question that's a missile, correct? >> the terminology between a rocket and missile can be the same thing. to put a satellite into space you need a multi-stage rocket or missile. a missile refers to the fact - a ballistic missile goes into space and comes down. a rocket is just something that lunches something into space. they both perform the same function. it depends on what sort of pay load you have to them. it is a difference without not

too much of a distinction when it comes to the strategic value of this technology also to point out, the north koreans have already proven that they can reach the territory of the hawaiin islands, america. >> that's one of the things that they will be looking at, to see how much they have been able to improve their missile technology. they've had some successes and failures, also had missiles that not all the stages were separated. one of the things that the u.s. will be look at is to see how much of a success this is. as our correspondent pointed out earlier, even a failed test such as the failed pretty much failed attempt to launch a hydrogen bomb, you learn something. so the u.s. views this as a very concern one more question. you pointed this out, that north korea's actions are in defiance the u.n.'s resolutions, also in

america's and its neighbors' safety. what, if anything, can be done? what are you hearing from your sources at the pentagon about possible counter measures that the u.s. or our pacific allies might be able to take? >> the u.s. has very few options. there's no good military option. you may recall that about 10 years ago when ash carter was a university professor and not secretary of defense, he advocated that the u.s. take out these been taken out before the launch. that would be a provocative act. it would have caused a war that would result in as many as a million casualties. now that he is the defense secretary he is not advocating that. so we're left with the traditional levers of power such as increased sanctions, but north korea is already a

completely isolated country that shows that they don't seem to care much about the sanctions that hurt the general population. also sanctions are not universally accepted. china, who has the closest relationship with north korea, is opposed to sanctions against pyongyang. one of the things now where the u.s. said it won't tolerate it, but it is in a position to be in no other position than not to tolerate it the missile launch later tonight and we will have updates. several candidates are about to debate in new hampshire. donald trump will be on stage tonight. he boycotted the last debate.

who won't be there is carly fiorina who failed to meet the network's qualifications. she released an online video and a scathing statement calling the debate process broken. according to a real clear politics polls that averages all the new hampshire state policies, donald trump is in the lead with nearly about 31%, followed by marco rubio who has surged into 16%, ted cruz and john kasich are tied for third. joining us live from the site of the debate is michael shore. we have to note that one of the other informal native sons of new england jeb bush didn't make the top four. what happened? >> well, you know, i think when you look at what jeb bush has done, it has been a - you know, he ran into donald trump who you mentioned there. those sorts of things you don't

anticipate when you're running a campaign. hillary clinton didn't anticipate with obama and perhaps not bernie sanders. you have to adjust. in a place like new hampshire that has just an overwhelming number of independent voters, who can vote in either primary, jeb bush has to try and appeal to them. it hasn't gone so well so far. this is a place where he can maybe resurrect that campaign, but he has enough money to try it again in other places too donald trump, it will be the first debate since the last one, and then he lost in iowa. can we see a - can we use humble and donald trump in the same breath? >> i don't think you can. i think what you can see some somebody maybe contrite for skipping the last one. i also think in light of news, these things happen pretty frequently these debates. there was breaking news from

nok. the candidates are going to be talking about that. that's the kind of place where donald trump can say listen, i've heard what is happening in north korea. i can deal with that. that may also leave a few people a little uncomfortable knowing that as well marco rubio, he had a very strong showing in iowa. he is in the polls in place. a new poll shows that while u.s. republicans want donald trump, rubio is best to compete in the general election. comments? >> these kind of polls come out all the time. marco rubio did finish third in iowa. you would think he won it by the way he is being treated in new hampshire. these come out of momentums. when you are compared in a national way to donald trump and ted cruz, the national flavour is probably somebody to who is somebody more confined and

conservative in the real sense of the world than those two men are. marco rubio fits that bill. he is going to see a lot of incoming tonight. this is where everybody is going to be looking. you're going to see people like jeb bush and chris christie, who had even thought had aligned about marco rubio this week, although both campaigns refuted that, you will see a focus on marco rubio because there is that one slot after cruz and trump that is open to one of these governors and they don't want so see senator rubio take that john kasich is hoping that something will come out for him. let's talk about jeb bush again, something occurred with his mother. he is polling at the back of the back. he had some interesting vice-- she had some interesting vice for her son. >> he is almost too polite.

i don't advise him, but if i gave him advice i would say why don't you interrupt like the other people do. he is so polite. we brought him up that way did you see that? that was like, i don't know. mrs bush has always been rather outspoken. at one point she was saying that the country had enough bushinges. she backed off on that when jeb decided to run. how long do you think he can hold out? >> that's the interesting thing about jeb bush. he can afford a loss here and in south carolina. he needs to find an opening. he can afford it. even if it is against marco rubio to take up that sort of establishment, i ahate saying that because everyone says it, establishment republican man tell. he has the opportunity to do that. i think-- mantl essentialing. i think he knows that. the bar is low here in new hampshire. he could exceed that and have

the same he men mum-- momentum that marco rubio coming out of iowa hillary clinton served as president obama's first secretary of state. today sympathy received aaron emphatic endorsement from the first woman to ever hold that title. >> we can tell our story about how we climbed the ladder. a lot of women think it's done. it's not done and you have to help. hillary clinton will always be there for you. just remember, there's a special place in hell for women who don't help each other earlier we spoke with our correspondent about why her endorsement is so important to hillary clinton's campaign. here is what she had to say >> it is a case that has to be made by surrogate. that's why the clip you played from her is so important.

she needs sur gates, she needs supporters to go out there. she cannot be making that case on her own. female voters are offended when the appeal is strictly on a gender basis. she can't make the case. sur gates has to make it. it is an important point to make you can join us tonight for a complete wrap up of today's g.o.p. debate. now to haiti, the president will step down following a botched election. earlier he said he would not resign until a replacement was identified prompting angry protests. paul will run the country until next thursday. a presidential run off in haiti will be held in april. a powerful earthquake struck

southern taiwan today leaving at least 14 people dead, more than 150 missing. rescue efforts have been going on in the city of tainan. here you see a 7-year-old boy being pulled out of the rubble alive. the apartment buildings is more than 20 years old and likely not built to stand since an earthquake in 1999. our correspondent has more. >> reporter: with the night came more teams to join in the rescue effort. reports of contacts made with survivors still waiting for rescue added to the sense of urgency. every now and then a success. after hours lying in the rubble, this woman is now safe, injured and in pain but clearly alive.

like other survivors, rushed away to a waiting ambulance. as this rescue operation has continued, equipment is being brought in to carefully move away some of the debris as the rescue teams continue their search in other parts of this demolished structure in the search for survivors. sadly, the number of people brought out dead appears to be rising. in other parts of the city damaged and teetering buildings are evidence of the earthquake's strength. residents still in a state of shock at the damage around them. >> translation: when we rush out, we saw that the building had collapsed. >> reporter: a number of people have chosen to spend the night in shelters, some with their homes destroyed. >> translation: we will stay here for now, but eventually we will have to find another place

because our home was completely destroyed. >> reporter: back at the main rescue site, as monks prayed for the souls of those who died, there is confusion about how many people were in the complex. anxious relatives and neighbors have reported scores of people unaccounted for. it has raised fears that the death toll will rise significantly. but so too is the number of those being brought out alive. rob mcbride we will have more of north korea's missile launch coming up later, but first law-abiding muslim americans taking the blame for the actions of a few extremists. >> if you're wondering whether you fit it in here, let me say it as clearly as i can, you fit here, right here looking at the struggle to chain the perception of america's muslim community.

a new survey shows that roughly half of u.s. citizens believe that muslim americans are anti american. the poll comes as republican presidential candidate donald trump has called for a temporary ban on muslims entering the country following the shootings recent. a look at this.

there are more than 3 million muslims living in the u.s. that number expected to double by 2050 even though polls show that half of muslims feel that they are not respected in the country. our correspondent more on efforts to scapegoat muslims as others fight to give the group fair representation in washington and in the media. >> reporter: obama made his first benefit as president on wednesday to a u.s. mosque. he delivered a message of unity and religious tolerance and was warmly received at the islamic center of baltimore. >> it is definitely present. when it becomes political to gain votes that scares our community. >> there are only a couple of million muslims in the country. where there are none, i hope people heard him. >> reporter: the president spoke of the accomplishments of

muslims >> there are voices here, particularly over the internet, that says you have to choose between your identities as a muslim or american. don't believe them. you fit in here, right here. >> reporter: the republican presidential candidates pounced quickly >> i think we can go to lots of places >> reporter: donald trump who tried to raise doubts about president obama's citizen ship and often suggested he is not a christian, shared his thoughts. >> i don't know if - maybe he feels comfortable there. we have a lot of problems in this country. there are a lot of places he can go and he chose a mosque >> i'm tired of being divided against each other for political reasons >> reporter: marco rubio in new hampshire abused obama of pitting against each other.

>> he went to the mosque implying that america is discriminating against muslims. of course there's discrimination in america, of every kind, but radicalisism is a bigger issue. >> reporter: a new poll suggests 59% of republicans agreed with donald trump's plan to temporarily ban all muslims from coming to the u.s. after the paris and san bernadino attacks, the morale has dropped to that after 9/11. two weeks after that incident he called for unity and support and called for unitedness. >> in the end evil do evil, for that they rejected the signs of

allah and held them up to ridicule. >> reporter: and spoke of islam as a religious of peace >> the face of terror is not the true faith of islam. that's not what islam is all about. islam is peace. these terrorists don't represent peace. they represent evil and war. >> reporter: but 15 years later with a fractured and war torn middle east, a deadlocked congress and war fearing nation, this campaign seems to be focusing those fears into bigotry and american isolationalism joining me now is a board member of the council for american islamic nations, new york city chapter and another who is assistant professor at a

university school of law. thank you for joining us. professor, you've written that anti muslim bias is nothing new in america. would you give us a few historical examples of what you describe as a bias? >> yeah. there's a number of precedents that proceed the islamaphobia coming out of the trail. for roughly 164 years we had essentially a prohibition against immigration and naturalisation of muslims. there was a statute in place during that time pan that restricted individuals who identified as muslim from becoming naturalized citizens. that's one precedent. obviously, you had the persecution of the first muslims to live in this country which were enslaved populations in the south. you had xenophobic and other laws that inflated muslims with

suspicion i thought that after the civil war there had been the series of amendments of the guaranteed equal protection to everyone without regard to race, creed, religion, natural origin. not so? >> no. you're talking about various amendments across racial lines. you had discriminatory policies persist. up until the civil rights era when you had these quotas in place going to the president, obama, as the president to the mosque. he addressed a key concern. >> like all americans you're worried about the threat of

terrorism, but on top of that as muslim americans you also have another concern and that is your entire community, so often is targeted or blamed for the violent acts of the very few when you hear the president juxtapose your right and your desire to live in peace with being blamed when something horrible happens, what do you say is the solution? >> well, the solution certainly isn't a program like the extremism that says basically let's work together to combat extremism, but we're not going to say that to any other group in the country that program is a surveillance program >> yes. so when they isolate a community for a surveillance program, the

f.b.i. will tell you that over 90% of terrorism in the u.s. are done by non-muslims. so what about those people. when they create this program, they say we would loov to work together to ensure that terrorism tragedies doesn't happen in our communities and we say let's do this. how about if somebody else does it, is that okay? that's the problem with the cve program. it is wonderful that president obama visited a mosque late in his tenure as the president of the u.s. why did the take so long? >> he has a lot of critics and people have been criticizing him, accused him of being a muslim like it's a bad thing do you any kind of comparison between president obama's response to tempering down rhetoric as opposed to

president bush >> he said don't blame it on our fellow american muslims. they have nothing to do with what just transpired. let's tone down the anti - the islam i can't phobia in our country. his next sentence would say something like islamic terrorism. it was negated the rhetoric that he just mentioned. obama are being krit-- criticized for not saying things like islamic, radicalism, terrorism and use them together. he is trying to be careful. he is saying terrorism does not belong to a relative be ij i don't know. it is the act by individuals, no matter what they look like or what they believe it. i think he is careful to use the

proper wording to address things and not to try to marry the concept of islam with terrorism > wyoming has many muslims. they say they have a lack of acceptance. >> we had a new mosque opened into town. there hadn't been one in the history. >> reporter: when this man almost all white whe drom unanimitily christian home town had its first mosque opened in late 2015, he started a facebook page stop islam in gillett. >> the issue with the mosque is we didn't know what was behind it, who was in it, where it came fro

from. >> reporter: this family made the mosque in their home. >> we wanted a play to gather and play and for kids to get taught some islamic skrip tour and things like that-- scri scripture. >> reporter: the family's roots are in pakistan, but the name has been in the area since 1906. none of that seemed to matter when protesters led by brett demonstrated outside the mosque. >> they felt that this mosque was going to lead to 2000 syrian refugees moving in here and the culture was going to change. people will be wearing berks everywhere. >> reporter: at one of his hotels, he saw law enforcement is involved >> we did have an f.b.i. agent

come just to interview me. they were more concerned about the threats directed against us >> reporter: what was the most serious threat that you received? >> that we would be eliminated. >> reporter: he brushes off the threats. >> well, that's the nature of the internet, isn't it. a lot of people like to be keyboard warriors and talk crap on the internet that they don't back up. >> reporter: a statement from the mayor saying threats or hate will be present. do you think there is support for this? >> if there is, i don't care. it's the right thing to do. >> reporter: the family says their mosque will remain open and are not afraid of threats you see the story and you wonder what is it that makes americans so suspicious and then

we remember september 11 2001 where everyone who was identified as being responsible for those horrific attacks turned against lamb. do you have any understanding for americans who say everybody isn't a terrorist, but the bad thing happened to america, happened at the hands of people who tracks your religion? >> yeah. high response is you have a range and a number of proliferating number of incidents, terrorists acts, mass shootings that are committed by non-muslims, committed specifically by white male christian men. 63% of all terrorist acts or mass shootings since 1982 were committed by white christian men. the 9/11 attack was committed by a handful of rogue muslim men.

that shouldn't indict and criminalise an entire faith and people. the point made earlier about radicalization being focused on muslims is a good one. the idea that there are fringe elements of the american population that need to be vetted, it might be logical, but only if that's coupled with the idea of also monitoring, policing other elements which have proven themselves to also engage in mass violence we've mentioned the extremism program, but there was one in 1996. tell us about that. i believe it was called the anti terrorism and death penalty act of 96. what prompted that? it was the first piece of legislation used to surveil muslims; correct? >> yeah. it was passed after the bombing in 1995. that introduced surveillance specifically focusing on muslim americans which again proves

this dissidence. you don't need a muslim culprit to usher in legislation that focuses just on muslims. that attack was committed by a handful of white males who conspired. so they introduced legislation that focused specifically on muslim americans. even though the culprit was a white christian talking about something that has happened in this neighborhood, the surveillance activities that were carried out by former police commissioner, not only new york but elsewhere, can you tell me about the personal impact that that program which i understand has been discontinued but when it was in progress, did the do any good and how much harm did the do? >> tremendous harm to the psyche of the new york metro area

muslim, community family. there were actually secret surveillance and msas, muslim student associations, so organizations in the city, the city of new york system. 18 year old kids. how would you like it if your kid belonged to a muslim organization in school, just like you can be part of a christian or jewish jewish, but how would you like spies spying on your kid without representation? they've never proven to have caught anyone doing anything wrong. in fact, the lieutenant who ran the demographics unit of the n.y. p.d. is retired and he said he rated doing that. -- hated doing that. they had a great relationship with the muslim community and that went away because they thought we were suspicious of

them today is there still cooperation between the muslim american community and law enforcement authorities? >> there was a settlement very recently, i think last week, where there were going to be some over sight on nypd surveillan surveillance-type programs. i think there is a settlement in court. there are ways to come to an agreement where we can have security and be safe, but we don't want to give away our constitutional rights. no group in america, whether they be muslims or jews or christians or mormons saying they want to be less than what they are. this is whether it is a federal program or the nypd surveillance programs. they make us feel like second class citizens, but we just want our streets and children safe

just as our next-door neighbor thank you very much for joining us up next, new information about the breaking news out of north korea. the country has reportedly launched a long range rocket. the possible motive next on al jazeera.

back to our breaking news. out of north korea which is

reportedly launched a long-rang rocket of the officials say it was a peaceful satellite launch, but analysts suspect north korea is again trying to test technology that could be used to strike the u.s. last month north korea claimed to have tested a hydrogen bomb. most say that was false. an emergency and national security council meeting will be held on sunday. u.s. national security minister sai said: our correspondent has more. >> reporter: the relationship between beijing and pyongyang has been at best a complicated

one since the president came into power. there was a meeting between presidents bomb and president xi jinping. they were talking about how much they agreed on how china agreed with the north korea but not have actions. the announcement of this impending launch window came last week on the day that china's chief touched down in pyongyang. so if there had been an attempt by china to try and reign in north korea, it was a pretty strong signal that north korea didn't intend to listen. there are limits in the chinese view as to how much it can punish north korea in terms of enforcing the sanctions let along signing up to m

mr stringent-- more stringent sanctions. here we are a month on from the fourth nuclear test still no obvious progress in terms of new sanctions at the u.n. and this launch complicates things further earlier we spoke to robert kelly, a professor of political science and diplomacy. he says north korea's actions today place an enormous pressure on surrounding nations to go nuclear. >> this is something i don't think that has been reported as much as it should be. after the fourth nuclear test a month ago there has been a growing group of people saying that north korea needs to be investigated. this is something that the japanese have talked about for a while. both japan and south korea are covered by the american nuclear umbrella, but as north korea continues to build larger

nuclear weapons, they said they detonated an h-bomb, which turned out to be incorrect, but that would have been a major step forward. it's amazing that south korea and japan have not gone nuclear. if the north koreans don't stop, they will have 100 nuclear weapons in a decade. if they don't stop, there will be pressure on south korea and japan to go nuclear more on this a little later. in paris today, the first games were held since november. security was tight as 64,000 stadium fans were there. one civil yap and one of the bombers were killed outside the stadium. one fan injured that night says time has helped to heal. >> translation: it is strange to be here knowing what i experienced here and to come back to return.

we come, but there's a bit of fright. despite the fact that we seem surrounded by police and all that, but we feel it strange french president francois hollande attended and praised the heightened security. he wanted to be there show life must go on. 50 years after the first super bowl it is clear the n.f.l. has finally clued into something fans have known for decades. women love the game too. 80 million women, one fifth of the entire population of the u.s. it is said to be >> >> reporter: football fans have overrun san francisco ahead of super bowl 50. >> my favorite cow boy would be jason whitton. >> peytoning manning.

>> reporter: the n.f.l. has caters to men, but there's women involved too >> a love it, sexy men all over each other touching each other and i love it. >> reporter: more than a million people watched last year. half of them were women. that has finally grabbed the attention of football league executives because that means female consumers. they took in an estimated 12 billion dollars in the 2014 season. part of that includes merchandise. >> my phone case, my jacket, my beanie, my key chain. i have way too much stuff. i have ten jerseys. it's too much. >> reporter: the n.f.l. ignored women for decades producing merchandise for them as an after

thought. what became known as a shrink it attitude for women. that has changed >> you don't have to try to do it yourself, get a shirt and you cut it on the side so it fits you better >> reporter: this past week the n.f.l. held its first women summit inviting the secretary of state, a football fan, as the keynote speaker. the n.f.l. clearly to build a bigger fan base >> along with the women's sports foundation to get more play, in particular girls. >> reporter: at another super bowl 50 events for students at a local school, both boys and girls participated in games. the future of the n.f.l. depends much on women. >> we've got about 50% of ticket

holders is female. it shows the popularity of the n.f.l. and the 49ers certainly in this area and what it means to anybody and everybody that is a fan. >> reporter: despite all the positive buzz, the fact is that the n.f.l. has had a patchy record. players have had domestic issues. does that resonate with women? >> i think it is something that can be borne in mind, but not really awe kovrnage of the north korean rocket launch continues. more on what it means and the possible motive next.

back to breaking news. north korea being accused of testing missile technology during a rocket launch that took place tonight. north korean officials say the launch was a sat lit and had no-- satellite and had no military purpose. last month they tested a hydrogen bomb. we're getting reaction to this event from the authorities >> yes. the u.s. is condemning the missile launch. you can call it a rocket launch

if it was something going into space and not back, but the technology involved is the same involved as is involved in ballistic missiles that leave the earth's atmosphere and then have a re-entry vehicle that comes back, the technology used in ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons. the latest information from the pentagon is that this missile or launch took place at 7.29. it's 13 hours ahead in korea, so it would be sunday morning there. the vehicle went off in a southernly direction over the yellow sea so did not pose a threat to japan or any u.s. allies. the initial assessment from the pentagon is that it appears that the launched vehicle did reach outer space. we don't know if it successfully

put a satellite in orbit yet. we're waiting for details on that. it is not clear at this point how much of a leap in technology this has been for north korea. as i said, the u.s. was very concerned about this because there is two parts of this program going on. one is to develop smaller nuclear weapons, more powerful nuclear weapons, and we saw that with last month's test of a nuclear deficiencies which north korea was claimed to be the test of a hydrogen bomb, but the blast was not big enough to be from a conventional hydrogen bomb, so it wasn't or was a failed test of a hydrogen bomb. now this test of the missile technology in the u.s. view under the guise of a peaceful satellite program but, in fact, is the same kind of technology. go ahead that's okay. i wanted to get a couple of points in.

we are hering the japan's prime minister saying it's intolerable. it didn't take long for this to move into the political sphere here in america. republican candidate john kasich is accusing the obama administration of doing nothing. what kind of action are your friends saying is possible? >> when you say what kind of decisive action is a good question. you're either talking about military or diplomatic actions. there are no good military action and north korea doesn't care about diplomat iblg pressure as well-- particular pressure as well. u.s. has to watch in wait and put more sanctions. it hasn't been a satisfying strategy so far at this juncture do we know whether korea is getting any

assistance with this missile technology, or rocket technology, whatever you want to call it, from outside forces, say india, pakistan, china? >> it has got assistance in the past, but now one of the reasons that they want to develop this technology is it is something they can export to other countries. it doesn't have a lot of ways to get cold hard cash. one way it can do that is if it had this kind of technology that other countries would want. that's another factor here, the fear of proliferation of missile technology there was one image on our screen of a missile of some sort coming out of a submarine, we assume one of north korea's few submarines. we also see some land launch vehicles. do you know where this device would have come from, land or sea? >> this was definitely a land based missile.

they what watching it on the launch pad. there is debate about the submarine launch was fake. a lot of people believe in the west mere that documentation of that indicated that it wasn't really a successful submarine launched missile thank you very much. we will check with you later. we invite you, our audience, to join us for more news later tonight. that's it for al jazeera america. another hour of news up next. our breaking coverage of the rocket launch continues al jazeera english. zeera english.

this is al jazeera. welcome to the news hour. north korea launches a long rage missile. japan says it's intolerable. a seven year old survivor pulled out of a collapsed building after an earthquake. goz forces in on aleppo with opposition groups fearing a siege on the biggest city. investigators in somalia conclude