train on friday twenty nine people were injured in the incident which happened during the busy morning rush hour u.k. prime minister treason may is warning a further attack may be imminent three children have been killed and eleven people wounded during shelling in the yemeni city of thise local rights groups say the hooty militia was responsible for the shot in a busy area of the city human rights watch says saudi arabian authorities have arrested dozens of people including prominent clerics the arrests were made ahead of a call by exiled opposition leaders to hold demonstrations after friday prayers the u.s. based group condemned the arrests calling them a crackdown on dissent and the criticism of the ruling family carries a prison sentence and saudi arabia have thousands of people have gathered at indonesia to protest the persecution of one hundred muslim minority and in asia is home to the world's largest muslim population and they're urging me to allow u.n. monitors to investigate allegations of ethnic cleansing right those are the

headlines on al-jazeera do stay with us because technology is coming up next thank you very much for watching. says all sorts in an age of simplistic narratives the listening post critiques the mainstream response exposing the influences that drive the headlines at this time on al-jazeera. like a cancer diagnosis that used to leave little room for hope. says the eighteen hundreds doctor suspected the body's immune system might told to chill for the stopping disease. but no one could crack the complex code until this scientists did. now this is the new face of cancer patients who are living proof of a cure. this is technically a show about innovations that change lives we're going to explore the intersection

of hardware and humanity and we're doing it in the unique way this is a show about science by scientists. and welcome to the pack there in paris i'm dr judy so mara and where hair but it's them incredible with that is helping to fight and even cure cancer it's called i mean i think a liver cancer treatment that turns the body's own cells into two michaela. i mean isn't innovative field of research and is changing lives all over the world but we follow one man's amazing journey for tech nerd here's dr christo there was. david white is about to do something he has done more than one hundred and twenty times to come from anchorage alaska every two weeks he will leave his home

in one of the most remote american cities and fly more than five thousand kilometers to houston texas. treatment and i believe that. my plane at five in the morning and back. and forty four hours two days. it is a better life and death. david is an experimental cancer program at m.d. anderson cancer center in houston texas it has kept him alive well beyond the prediction his doctors gave at the beginning you didn't think that you would be able to have such a thing out. in the beginning the best anybody would get maybe. twelve to twenty months i didn't get didn't much time to get your affairs in order. and it certainly

doesn't give you time to. do what you want to do with your family and children. david has bladder cancer he was first diagnosed in two thousand and ten when doctors found small tumor on the wall of his bladder. it's pretty scary isn't it yeah i think it's a small it's less and i think. they cut it out and you think it's through but you aren't we took this serious surgery we removed my bladder. we thought so but it didn't happen my cancer came back in a year where it was wrapped around my colon and i had a big tumor. that was in two thousand and eleven. underwent chemotherapy and an experimental gene therapy treatment but the cancer kept spreading to his left lung in two thousand and thirteen then in june of two thousand and thirteen he began the experimental immunotherapy program now david has kept alive by his strong will i

think we better start. one thirty. in the drug in this infusion bag. nancy pinkston is on the same drug she was diagnosed with stage three melanoma in february two thousand and sixteen and was showering. and thought. and does not feel right dr collins at night telling you it's not on. it's it's a game changer that was almost a year ago. their labs looked perfect for me i wanted to live and i felt this was my best chance. is also part of an experimental therapy treatment at m.d. anderson she began treatments in march of two thousand and sixteen she had her

tumor removed surgically in may her oncologist dr hussein. writes i held her be a very brief surgery these treatments are you know absolute game changers and for nancy the change came quickly and i think. i think. it was at least thirty percent smaller and. it was. pricing lesson after one tree. difference and the tumor one two pathology there was not a single viable so not a single cancer so you know amazing. it is. and found that there was. a lot of the brain nancy first heard about immunotherapy when a former us president announced he had melanoma that had spread to his brain and

was being treated with a hard to pronounce drug named elizabeth cohen. with. just a few months later president jimmy carter said he was cured when i went this week they didn't find any cancer at all but i have read there's. different for like jimmy carter. from the same thing and so he explained for me some drug different manufacturers. this new wave of cancer fighting drugs called immunotherapy come in part from the lab and the brain of this scientist dr james alison and his partner dr. jim alison's breakthrough actually change the whole field i mean what he recognizes that time doesn't just have on switches it also has off switches that they hang in the yang and the man says that if you keep trying to turn it on it has its own internal

controls to keep it turned off and he recognized that if you want to really attack cancer you have to turn off the off signals the blocking the brakes basically and he developed the first body this way which is enticing tele for busy identify see telling for as the off signal are one of the off signals now we know there are so many and by blocking see telling for what an antibody we were able to get the t. cells out to go and keep killing terrorists cells and that's why some patients can have these responses so now there's a whole field called. checkpoint blockade and that's immunotherapy that we know of today in the clinic. the human immune system is built around white blood cells scientists call t. cells these molecules are so tiny they can't be seen by the human eye this image from an electron scan shows a healthy human. senses an infection it will attack but with many cancers t. cells won't attack because the tumour cells are blocking their talking mechanism.

immunotherapy overrides those blocking systems allowing t. cells to do their job. like a little more and yes it is i do think it's a war of the you know to timorous cells and the immune system are battling right the tumor cells are trying to get everything to surround the to protect it and them insists and keep trying to attack and then when the tumour cells have all of the right things to protect it they mean system a sort of disabled and it can no longer function and what we're trying to do is really energize the immune system so they can get through all the barriers that the tourist cells have put up to kill the. cancer has largely been winning the immune system or until now we have clinical trials ongoing and prostate cancer bladder cancer kidney cancer leukemia for example c.l.o. for example lymphoma is. pancreatic cancer breast cancer color rectal cancer varying cancer and so what you're trying to do with each type

of cancer is kind of tune that on off for the immune system and find that right balance for that cancer exactly and sometimes we don't find the right balance sharma and allison's lab is unique but more than eighty human clinical trials and thousands of patients they can test drug therapies and get immediate results from biopsies dr sharma is currently running a study on prostate cancer so far immunotherapy has not been effective but there is hope and so we got this great immune response and lots of immune for trying. inter-process but we also got this inhibitory way some of these tumor cells now have a white and the white now this one expression p d n p d o one stance or program that. it's a protein the structure of the t. cells to die off scientists call this immune inhibitory receptor. showed us the tumor was winning the war. drugs infiltrating the tumor but the.

one expressed the tumor was not shrinking and the cancer not going away all of these little blue dots are individual tumor cells and then over here on the side of all of these colors mean the immune system is trying to fight the tumor but the white standing here kind of tells you that the tumor is a little ways like fighting back it's inhibiting. checkpoint therapies are really antibodies a block these off signals. for was a first an anti p.t. one an anti p.d.-l one because these are all off signals that are now been identified in the t. cells so we think we need a combination strategies for prostate cancer. you've got a pretty good understanding know example of prostate cancer which was particularly responsive to going to. improve it would generate enough data to generate. about short wave should answer the question we have no answer yet for sure but

we've got some some ideas which are based on you know good solid data. from the patients who go there to make the patients right here the we we started to work was really instrumental in kind of elucidating those checks and balances that exists. and how do you get from that to a therapy well. first off to sell since i was an undergraduate actually when i first discovered i really wasn't about. the cells are you all over your body or protect your home you're so cool. to me that was i i thought this might slow the tumor little bit and we'd have to do a lot of combinations to get the word but it turned out in many terms you didn't have to just a single injection and a body that was so you and dr allison are married yes thank you to have your spouse with you working in the same. i think of myself as very lucky you know clearly i'm

passionate about the work that we do jim and i talk about t. cells more than i think any two people in the whole world. you know we get up in the morning talk. about it it's what drives it's because. there are any point therapy is really what is now showing all of this benefit we think other immunotherapy will do that as well including adopted. and these other ways of engineering that before giving them back to patients you wouldn't think of chemotherapy surgery radiation therapy without adding any. you know therapy anymore you've now changed that whole paradigm yes i'm i'm very proud i think you know it's his passion that i fell in love with to be honest and it's been his passion that drove the work he wanted to see whether or not what he did in the laboratory his basic science could have clinical impact and he drove that i have to say there were

many people who thought that all you're going to take an antibody and block this single molecule and you're going to treat dancer come on give me a break that's not going to work right he got a lot of rejections along the way and he stuck with it but it worked out for everyone not you know not just the signs or his career would it work out for so many patients. for some of those patients like david white life has been extended beyond what anyone imagined but it comes with a price infusions come by weekly or paid for by the drug company sponsoring the study but the trips are tough all of this is emotionally hard i think emotions are harder than the physical part so you had some pretty amazing results on this immunotherapy can you tell me about that. i just you can get lucky. i got response and six weeks to the a mentor and i haven't had a recurrence of my cancer. two years at age seventy two two years have

made a huge difference. yes. and what do you want to do now. ok i gave up running but i still coach and read for you so. thanks again guys thank you he has two young children who are never far from his thoughts is hard to talk about. so when i got cancer nicholas was two and. isabel i was four. snow or you want to be with little kids. i think they're a big part of my vote up as should. do i get a hug before i leave. i

felt like my job and. so necklace is now. sixteen. days e.g. and year. and isabel it's going to be eleven and end of this year and she's at the crater big difference. i've been able to be and all time to have an influence on their development in life quite a bit it's not something. that she does find coaching things. and with the outcomes we've got right now arm i'm hopeful that it's going to be a lot longer at least relative to this part of the disease. so i mean not only did he have a complete remission where we essentially cannot find the tumor back on c.t. imaging he's had a very long term durable remission that's now ongoing for more than two years of

treatment for his labs and the other types of reports that you look at do they look very similar to someone of his age that never was diagnosed with cancer. over time have become more normal more what i've seen in the typical population and so clearly the effects of them you know their b. are certainly relevant they help him he's feeling better he's doing better and his cancer is under control what percentage of the patients in your trial sort of experience this miraculous recovery so around twenty percent or so patients do very well with these clinical trials so it's not everyone but it is a substantial fraction of people that we couldn't do this far before i mean checkpoint therapy became available that gives us hope that we can build on this twenty percent to make it fifty percent eighty percent maybe one hundred percent i'm not going to sign miracle although it feels like a miracle feels like a huge blessing. and i think and i think it. checkpoint

inhibitor i mean a therapy is just one of the new therapies it seems to work best with cancers that people get from too much sun smoking. but technically come to paris because of an ether. it's called a c.t. or adoptive cells charms for their. scientists take t. cells and genetically edit them this immunotherapy is now undergoing it is fast human test the results are impressive. which year old but she's fighting for her life. it just. she was diagnosed with leukemia as the only decision that was made of doctors tried everything including a bone marrow transplant so she didn't agree with dominic right to do nothing when i was a what we don't want no whatever we want tonight that we've tried everything for

her life but you can't just go home and neither there's something available and just think what if we had tried we've done it now and. they list doctors made a desperate plea to a biotech company in paris it was a long shot but dr andre shooting was ready god a call from the physician that we're creating and they said we have no solution and maybe this off the shelf prologue could be the solution why because this patient had not enough cells the next step in the fight against cancer is happening in the bar this one scientists here in paris a genetically manipulating t. cells essentially engineering them to become cancer fighting. later received a single dose of genetically engineered t. cells so we shipped the vile there and that was the first time this new card

because the fourth problem for acute flown for what the looking up was those in the . strong patients in just a few weeks she went into complete remission just energetic keeps us up late and i think that's already in the morning. yes it's not even started just magic the genetically engineered dose is in this file it's a type of t. cell therapy called car therapy america antigen receptive therapy because of proteins that give t. cells the ability to target human cells in. this technique was invited inside this laboratory operated by the select his company to get a close up view of how this gene editing works before us. protective gloves and law case must go on one issue i've heard so far from the place where it's happening and find ways it's blocked out of the program any collating genetically to reprogram them from old to think and to become real cancer killing machines so or have his

head yes the clean room is just the start the entire process would take seventeen days it begins with t. cells the company gets from ordinary blood donors. so how is this different we cold it's a pair targeted because we use molecules with a kind of a warhead that. these molecules have dialed and program and which are called antibodies it's like a rocket that can recognise. a cell. seeking finding the cancer cell that's exactly it so we can actually see the cells being growing hair in the flower yes and i and i connect. on the same way for. so here we have what's called the wave machine named for the gentle motion of the machine designed to help. what happened in the body is totally different when the

cell gets inside the body it will recognise to become through the camera and to generate scepter it will start lifting the cancer cell the cell that would present for example see the nineteen and then that will kill the cell but what gets inside your body here is start the war against cancer so here is where you have to. cancer fighting self yes we want to preserve the cancer potential as much as possible and keep them. here. in perth any interaction before to get into a war so here where we just. exercise the bed don't exhaust my cat. jam exactly it's a it's a jam. and it was on to the most critical step in the process. was happening here it's word a genetic thing will have. been producing ready so it's loading

electricity. gets started and then the thing happened it's super simple. i'm going to reading that happened it's very it's a microsecond the gene editing process happens on a microscopic level but looks like they're. so cool talons come the d.n.a. sequence to suppress such a surface receptive. can then be targeted for specific cancer so now what you have is the time and the impressions of the two sounds to me that you're sitting on now the action against your reaction to storing now and during the next two hours two or three hours old a genetic thing will have the trucks hauling or ninety percent of the cells will get the genetic thing not a hundred percent. you can't nineteen is useful later richards he had acute lymphoblastic leukemia a our form of blood cancer. you caught one two three targets eight

were acute myeloid leukemia own mary cancer. so what do we have her so these are t. cells. cells are targeting. and they have been just so they were frozen and we thought them. so we can see the cells. wow there are many cancer soldiers in there it's amazing to think that one of these tiny in the core sounds is a cancer fighter when you see them and actually incredible the idea behind this therapy is to make it viable for any patient because the t. cells are not specific to an individual after gene editing that should be no rejection of. an uncertain revolutionary isn't a. trial i think that definitely

a revolution that is starting its heart of it in cancer but that's revolutionary excitement around the results. be very promising as of october two thousand and sixteen which it's remains. a second young patient was given that. she has not been identified she is reported to mission. but the little girl and her family who are brave enough to. put this treatment intact is the one who dr remembers. very happy because that we think she can comment ok now plainly. what was that like to be part of that first saw her on t.v. i think just like i was drawn like a pretty strong emotion in a worldwide this is like the most beautiful thing i've ever done in my life and if it has to stop here well at least i've done something. so what

the innovation needs to be tested the find to pay are confident that when it is i can secure could be a reality check never mind doctors should be femara in paris for you next time. the centenarians of italy one hundred years old and counting when you told me that people like these and you receive these thing that you want to be think opposable seventy five something about this area is helping young devotee of life i mean organic here it's not a trend here is what you have don't have to hear and all hold their. hands on them as a secret techno this time zero. from the icy mountain steps of mongolia to the flooded lowlands of south america. the

high stakes series returns. following the daring journey of ordinary people from around the globe who take extraordinary risks to earn a living. risking it all coming soon on al-jazeera. along europe's baltic borders tensions are increasing as nato strengthens its defenses and russia gears up for war games of its own of course we'll weren't

worried about unpredictability of russia we have to be prepared and we have to react if needed but will the conflict rehearsals ever translate into the real thing as they say if you don't want a war prepare for war people in power reports stone you going on a bear hunt at this time. and i'll have a problem in doha with the headlines on al-jazeera the international community is scrambling to react to friday's ballistic missile test by north korea kim jong un says the final goal is to achieve an equilibrium of force with the united states kim oversaw the launch of the haasan twelve missile mike hanna reports from washington the.