well calligraphy clearly remains today just as important an art form as it was back in the golden age the scholars then not only perfected the art of paper making they also developed simpler forms of calligraphy means of preserving their paper and winding blues to hold their books together in that way these technologies came together enabling them to produce books in large quantities this is how their knowledge propagated so effectively throughout the world. the manuscripts of the golden age influenced scientists after the decline of the islamic empire for instance had been seen as canon of medicine was translated into latin and copies were still being printed and circulated well into the sixteenth century these texts influenced the great thinkers of the rene song who in turn laid the foundations for our modern world. this impressive building is

the weill cornell medical college an offshoot of cornell university new york based head. of come to find out more about their genetic research how their mapping the human genome to find out more about genetic and hereditary diseases pertaining to people in this part of the world. the genome is the complex genetic code contained in every cell in our bodies it determines all our inherited features such as what we look like or what inherited diseases we might be vulnerable to it's unique for every person so this is a microscope that allows you to look and different types inside the cell. professor. has great expectations of what sequencing genomes will reveal the program is about six years old now the focus is on problems that are of them quarters in the region particularly into other where there is a lot of families that have inherited diseases. and diabetes is

a critical importance there in your genetic disorders or critically important so we've chosen to take those families and sequence both affected unaffected members and that will help us been pointed to gene that causes a disease. the key to understanding these diseases is to analyze people's genomes to look for differences and to do this they use a d.n.a. sequence connected to a supercomputer all living organisms i made up of cells each cell has a nucleus and within the new pieces the genetic material that defines the features that make a few of. these genetic material is a code made up of over three billion components called bases. is too long to be analyzed in one piece so first they need to split it into smaller sections these machines is does a process of sequencing so essentially here what we do is take that genetic material chop it up into small pieces and load it into the instrument it was

untrue print the information and put these pieces back together so rather than trying to follow the full string awful but the billions of bases on one d.n.a. molecule is chopping it up looking at different bits and then putting it back piecing it back together genetic technology is evolving rapidly the lab has recently installed their most advanced piece of equipment for d.n.a. sequencing is the first of its kind to be used in the middle east this is a third generation sequencer and what it does is it sequences or fragments of the genetic code this one can give us as you see here the tail goes all the way to forty thousand forty thousand as a model to one handwriting that one so that will give you more structure information in the chromosome this equipment makes it possible for the lab to

sequence the gene. knowns of large numbers of people it's a huge advance since nine hundred ninety when the first projects to sequence the human genome officially began their original human genome reference was sequenced in ten years it was a huge international feeling it was a big accomplishment and now we can sequence the human genome within six to ten days with this technology so that addresses are huge within ten years. going on here puts the university at the forefront of modern research building on the stunningly spirit of the golden age were over a thousand years ago the flow was from the west to the arab world where people were coming to. sandra in damascus centers of learning and learning about the latest technology and what's going on and then taken it back home and improving their own health care or mathematics or understanding of astronomy or whatever of

this do you feel personally a sense of pride that now in the arab world in the muslim world there is this cutting edge research going on again after so many centuries of decline where it was once the center of of knowledge and research you know very much so very much so i think that's a huge incentive for a lot of scientists who are originally from the region to come back and contribute back but i also see it as a bridge to you know science tend to be a good subject to bring different. people from all over the world together because everybody is seeking new knowledge so it's a great platform to kind of build connectivity and build a multicultural environment where everybody can discuss and talk about these things . while my head is spinning not only his head the most advanced and well equipped that i've probably seen anywhere in the world. but they've brought together

researches from around the world different cultures different backgrounds to work together collaboratively in a way that's so reminiscent of what happened in the house of wisdom in baghdad during the height of the golden age. from astronomy and optics to chemistry. and medicine. we trace the journey of scientific discovery that links the scholars of the golden age to the cutting edge science modern world. what you have here is a handheld model of the sky their achievements book groundbreaking this is a particular favorite of mine it's beautiful and their discoveries still resonate today almost a thousand years after the golden age of song it's. the

sky why should be no borders up here one only horizons. as an airline we don't believe in boundaries we believe in bringing people together the world's better that way. it is a right for all of us to go where we need to go to feel the things we want to feel . to see the people we want to see. that's why we'll continue to fly the skies providing you with everything we can and treating everyone how they deserve to be treated we do this because we know the trouble goes beyond borders and prejudice. the travel teaches compassion the travel is a necessity. the travel is a right for all remember that this world is a ball of ours to explore. and it's a strange thing for us to be apart. cats are always going places together.

but. new yorkers are very receptive to it because it is such an international city they are very interested in that global perspective that al jazeera lives. this is al-jazeera. and there are a hell of a comment this is a news hour live from doha coming up in the next sixty minutes u.s. president ronald from colds for u.n. reform says he attends his first general assembly and criticizes the global body

for not living up to his potential. the united states asks me and mar to end its military operation in a kind state which has cost hundreds of thousands of ranger muslims from their homes. in iraq and vow to hold an independence referendum despite a supreme court order suspending the boat. and out of isolation a nasa research team emerges from an eight month simulation of life on mars. u.s. president donald trump has made his debut at the united nations an organization he's slated in the past pretty clearly repeated his previous criticism saying that the world body is not living up to its potential because of bureaucracy as well as mismanagement but this time he's promised that the u.s. would help reform the united nations to make it stronger and more effective our

diplomatic editor james bays reports now from new york. diplomats were wary about this trumps first trip to the united nations as president. trump has railed against the u.n. many times in the past suggesting it's inefficient and bloated at times this transactional america first president it seemed to question the entire international system this existed since the un was set up at the end of world war two ahead of the meeting there was some about what this unpredictable president might say but he seemed concerned about how the microphones worked this written with you it's only. when trump finally spoke there would have been a big sigh of relief felt across the united nations he now seems to be a fan of the organization. mr secretary general the united states and the member

states presenter support this great reform vision we pledge to be partners in your work and i am confident that if we work together and champion truly bold reforms the united nations will emerge as a stronger more effective more just and greater force for peace and harmony in the world so instead of declaring war on the u.n. trump seems already to be declaring a victory this turnabout it seems the result of an unlikely partnership between the us ambassador nikki haley and the u.n. secretary general who like the president took up his post in january and tonio good terrorists is a canny political operator who knows how all this needs to be presented to someone recently asked what keeps me up at night and my answer was simple bureaucracy fragmented structures byzantine procedures and endless red tape at the beginning of

the year in washington d.c. i spoke with a senior white house official who said it was the administration's intent to gut the united nations that hasn't happened so for now the u.n. may feel it's dodged the bullet but this is an issue that will be revisited and it's possible down the line that president trump may feel that the changes that have been made are not bold enough. the president will be staying in new york for most of the week he gives his longer formal address to the u.n. on cheese day as well as holding meetings with other world leaders with north korea high only agenda. of the united nations. and more than one hundred world leaders are currently in new york for the u.n. general assembly the second let's take a look now at some of those main topics that they'll be discussing first and foremost there are the nuclear issues posed by both north korea and iran many a urging for a diplomatic solution to pyongyang's continued threats then there is

a feature of the contentious iran nuclear deal. the refugees who are also the focus of last year's now the with the ongoing humanitarian situation of the road from me in mar this refugee crisis will still be a major talking point and there are the ongoing wars in syria iraq yemen as well as libya and also the chronic problem of sexual abuse by u.n. peacekeepers something that the u.n. chief says must be eradicated now in his first bilateral meeting donald trump met with israel's prime minister benjamin netanyahu and they discussed the stalled middle east peace process as well as the iran nuclear deal our u.n. correspondent rose and jordan has more on that. as you'd expect donald trump and benjamin netanyahu were very happy to see each other on monday on the sidelines of the u.n. general assembly both men agreed that in their view the iran nuclear deal was

a bad deal and should be renegotiated and at the very least that iran can't be trusted to hold up its end of the deal as for the trumpet ministrations efforts to try to broker peace between the israelis and the palestinians the president had this to say actually think with the capability. and frankly i think we have to say that if you are like i think the palestinians would like to see it and i could tell you that ministration would like to see it so we're working very hard in a to see what happens. it's likely that both men will try to touch on the issue of the iran nuclear deal during their addresses to the u.n. general assembly on tuesday it's also very likely that they will try to talk about the mideast peace process but their first concern is international peace and security namely that of israel and so of course expect repeated references to iran in both men's addresses that speaks mike hanna whose life rice at the united

nations hi mike so recently there was a meeting with a range of foreign dignitaries to talk about me and maher held by the u.k. what came out of that meeting. well that was a surprising shift or emphasis in terms of both u.k. and u.s. policy on myanmar burma the meeting was called by the foreign secretary barra's johnson and it was held with a very senior level. leadership and it was made very clear during the meeting that there has been a substantial shift in the position of the u.s. and the u.k. in particular they no longer see it as a relief situation as an emergency situation they see it as a consequence of military action by the burmese government now this is a very important shift because it gives them it would appear greater leverage in terms of getting real concessions being made by their government they were very explicit as well in terms of what they wanted they want to be able to get access to

the refugees gradually fleeing and had been fleeing for a number of weeks they wanted end to all of myanmar's military action against these refugees very specific points made to the senior leadership and this is a shift certainly in tone from the position that we've seen in recent days probably a direct consequence of the meeting between the u.s. secretary of state rex tillerson and boris johnson last week in which the issue of was discussed behind closed doors so there's clearly a united concerted position both by the u.s. and the u.k. stepping up the pressure on my arm are burma now mike it was the first un general assembly for president trombonist things like he had quite a mild turn at his first address today could it be that is starting to see more relevance in the united nations how was it received there. well that was an

interesting point there's been dave the speculation as to exactly what president trump is going to show up at the united nations the one who's been disparaging of u.n. activities in the past who's been disparaging offbeat you in bureaucracy who's described it as a club for men to sit around and the trump who's used the u.n. during his term as president as an effect effective foreign policy machine with his u.n. ambassador nikki haley he has exercised a lot of u.s. foreign policy through the united nations rather than through the secretary of state and this has now led to a donald trump who sits in the u.n. discussing u.n. reform and basically agrees with every position that has been outlined by the u.n. secretary general and terrorists now they had met while back in washington d.c. we were told that that meeting went off very well to so clearly president trump at this stage in proceedings a man supportive of the united nations

a man who wants to seek ways in which the u.n. can reform that is being done on a joint basis including the u.n. including other u.n. members rather than a position just taken unilaterally by the united states itself so this is a shift and certainly sighs of relief around the building that the president has turned up so far is a president trump prepared to discuss prepared to negotiate prepared to be reasonable now on that tomorrow there are individuals that have not interacted with president quite yet what do you think will be the goal of the president when it comes to addressing issues such as iran north korea as well as me and why is kerry a credibility test here and there's also a lot of skeptics towards the u.s. president. well there's been a lot of speculation as to exactly what president trump is going to say at the moment he's meeting with latin american leaders having dinner with them certainly what is being discussed there is the issue of venezuela there's

a major point of crisis for latin america he's having those discussions there at the moment but what we're expecting from the tram speech is a speech seeking some form of u.n. unity on a number of issues that the u.s. is confronting north korea top of the pile the issue of iran all of these problems that the trumpet ministration has struggled to come to a clear policy in dealing with particularly that of north korea he has been attempting to involve the chinese in exercising greater pressure on north korea to end their missile testing on the issue of iran there have been discussions are ready with the israeli prime minister we must wait and see whether he is going to continue to exercise the iran deal which is due for renewal within the next few weeks so all of these issues are ones that he's likely to focus on but what will be important is the tone of that speech in the united nations is it going to be

a president once again who is sharply criticized the backdrop to the speakers during their addresses critical of the united nations or is it going to be a president seeking unity rather than confrontation attempting to get his foreign policy objectives and his america's first slogan through cooperation through working with other u.n. member states these are critical questions that we all know by the end of his speech in some twenty four hours time ok mike hanna thank you so much. now for more than seventy years while davis have gathered before the. general assembly to speak and also to be heard but with more than one hundred ninety of them all wanting to make their mark over the years some have resorted to colorful creative and even controversial ways of grabbing attention mariana has more on some of the most memorable moments. a hundred and ninety three world leaders each with just fifteen

minutes at least that's the u.n. guard line for how long a leader has at the famous podium but over the years. not everyone stuck to the time frame for the script. and i want to take a libyan leader moammar gadhafi for example eighty years ago on stage for ninety six minutes even ripping a page from the u.n. charter the translator reportedly fainted within an hour into it but if you think that was long cuban president fidel castro back in one thousand nine hundred sixty well he spoke for foreign hough hours. for others it was listed about the length of the speech and more about getting attention.