part of the deescalation deal with iran and russia it was announced that the soldiers would be advancing south but there are reports that they're heading east close to areas controlled by kurdish forces. elsewhere kurdish forces in iraq have evacuated a number of villages to the south of kirkuk amid fears of an attack by iraqi government troops because of accused iraq of getting ready to launch an offensive to seize kurdish held oil fields around the city which baghdad the nine. a spokesman for me to unsung suchi has told the reuters news agency the de facto leader is a pole that the rancher crisis but needs to tread carefully to not inflame the situation. controls the government but not the country's military. and at least two protesters in kenya and that in more demonstrations against the electoral commission police used tear gas to disperse opposition prices in the country's three main cities kenyans a juicer vote in two weeks time in a rerun of august presidential election which was a nod by the c.p.

. or you're up to in all of our top stories but of course if you want to know more this is the place to go al-jazeera dot com is the address but coming up next techno looks at a new technique to save the world's coral reefs are we back off to that in about twenty five minutes time stay with us. coral reefs of the rain forests of the sea prize for their beauty and resources the world over. they are also one of the earth's most fun rable ecosystems a threat to climate change and no place better symbolizes their importance and

their plight than australia's great barrier reef. this is techno a show about innovation and change life we're going to explore the intersection of hardware and humanity and we're doing it in the way this is a show about science by signed. on. their way. yes. ok so this commotion that you see behind me is a bunch of people already getting ready to dive in the great barrier for the first time much like me. techno is marie to davison chapel to queensland to see firsthand one of the seven natural wonders of the wild. and to explore the scientific efforts to save it. ask

a thousand different people to describe what makes australia's great barrier reef special and you'll get a thousand different answers and sometimes none at all just to be new silence a nod to the fact that there exists things on this earth so beautiful he defied description and yet for all its capacity to inspire us on an intimate level it's when we step back that we are even more amazed the great barrier reef covers three hundred forty five thousand square kilometers roughly the size of germany it stretches twenty three hundred kilometers in length nearly equal to the entire coastline of chile and it's the only living structure on earth that can be seen from space and therein lies its vulnerability because it lives it can also die. although coral reefs cover less than two percent of the ocean floor twenty five percent of all marine life depend on them for their survival and yet according to

the world resources institute by the year two thousand and fifty nearly all coral reefs worldwide including the great barrier reef will be threatened with death a scientific prediction that if correct will mean the disappearance of one of the earth's most vital and enduring ecosystems within most of our lifetimes. off the coast of northeastern australia where the great barrier reef meets the shallows i meet with over who goldberg director of the global change institute at the university of queensland for him a hope for the best approach is no longer on the table i mean world wars we're quite willing to spend half of the supposedly income sold in the problem this is as big or even bigger than a world war and we need to get those sort of resources and we need to get everyone behind the solutions solutions to problems that are becoming legion. there are multiple stresses that face our race like the great barrier reef is sediments

a new transit flowing down rivers and smothering corals and other organisms that has been too much fishing in some cases where we've knocked out keith bases but the real showstoppers now the global changes that we're inflicting on on coral reefs and it's the showstoppers that could be potentially catastrophic according to the world resources institute the absorption of an increased level of atmospheric carbon dioxide into the oceans has caused them to become more acidic this change in water chemistry inhibits the ability of corals to skeletons are composed of calcium carbonate to grow and increase in carbon dioxide emissions has also led to trapped atmospheric heat which in turn has led to higher water temperatures warmer water disrupts the symbiotic relationship that a coral has with a micro algae called belly the belly is responsible for the corals food supply and when it leaves the coral begins to starve the effect turns the coral white and is

known as coral bleaching the heart of the problem is this scientific models show both ocean acidification and ocean temperatures spiking to unprecedented levels over the next one hundred years levels that without intervention would spell the end of coral reefs. it was against this backdrop that in two thousand and sixteen the great barrier reef experienced one of the most severe bleaching episodes ever recorded initial surveys by researchers at the a.r.c center of excellence for coral reef studies put the areas affected by bleaching at ninety three percent and estimates about the resulting mortality figures ran the gamut few climate related events in history have captured the media and the public's attention more it included an obituary for the great barrier reef that quickly went viral it sent the g.r.s. tourism industry into an uproar and even gave the scientific community pause and

actual mortality survey conducted in late two thousand and sixteen also by the air sea center of excellence for coral reef studies proved a mixed bag the northern third of the reef was devastated losing an estimated sixty five percent of live coral coverage but the lower two thirds of the reef the area where the vast majority of reef tourism occurs escaped relatively unharmed spared by cooler waters from the coral sea just outside the city of townsville which sits at the southern tip of the great barrier reef a group of scientists are fighting to save coral reefs not just from bleaching events now but from the effects of climate change yet to come one of the goals of marine research in a time of global change is to gain insight into how marine systems like the great barrier reef may look into the future to achieve this researchers need to replicate and manipulate ocean conditions in controlled environments in other words literally

bringing the ocean into the lab and that is exactly what is being done at the most advanced research aquarium in the world australia's national sea simulator. a thirty five million dollars facility completely dedicated to tropical marine research for a scientific discipline whose researchers are used to working with simple tubs of water system is nothing short of revolutionary that's giving us the opportunity to do research that we've not been able to do before dr nicole webster is one of the lead coral scientists working at c so sorry you know in the past if we would try and do an experiment about climate change free markets and corals and stick them in a sort of small nalley bin size tank then hate them up a little bit but it doesn't really very closely reflect what's actually happening out on the brain and the driving idea behind csa is that if you have the tools and technology to accurately reflect conditions on the reef today then you can

accurately replicate what conditions on the reef will look like tomorrow yes so we've got a number of tanks here what what's going on this is our newest experiment which we're calling evolution twenty one and it's about trying to assess what's going to happen in terms of evolution in the twenty first century but these very large tanks which enable us to establish these maize it dozens and one of these a cousin is is it's not just one particular species of home we've got all of the things in the tank tenuously that we've bought corals we've got some giant clams in the tank sweet but for your sense like trying to recreate that you go system but under controlled conditions a bit better than the belly of things you're interested in that's right and what we're interested in many colliding with this experiment if the temperature and the c o two is that was part of the on local climate change the surface temperatures are rising the oceans are becoming more sedate so what this experiment is is we're looking at current day condition and then we're looking at conditions which are

projected by the i.p.c.c. we choose the top of mental panel climate change conditions which predicted for the year twenty fifty and in conditions which are projected to be twenty one hundred three so. of tanks one an ambient tank that reflects temperature and ph conditions as they exist on the reef today a second that reflects those conditions for the year twenty fifty and a third that reflects the predicted conditions in twenty one hundred. but the level of control and detail in the system goes beyond even the. tell me a little bit about the tanks that we're looking at here i know this is our ambient yes and then you're manipulating temperature and carbon dioxide so that's right give me give me some of the stuff here like i said the m d a tank is set at about one hundred ten hot spindle you have a dark side which is currently condition so to generate out endian values we've taken the last ten years temperature dot and we've averaged that and that for this

day is about twenty nine point four degrees or something like that so that would that would be the temperature at this particular time on this particular day in the ambient conditions and then how are you manipulating the conditions off of your baseline here yeah your other treatments so it's a three on top of the outside conditions for ten six hundred i t. which is what's being projected particularly in parts per million or around twenty feet deep i may not find hundred but twenty one hundred so that's what they rejected by the i.p.c.c. with the temperature how we take the temperature values for now and be hanged and then we apply plus one degree offset perhaps twenty fifty set of conditions and a plus two degree offset for at twenty one hundred condition that level of control and manipulation is available to every experiment whole room at the sea some facility and all of their tanks it's a system that requires nearly one hundred kilometers of piping seven hundred to

eight hundred thousand liters of new seawater daily and a computer system that not only must keep water temperatures and ph levels accurate to within one hundred of one percent but also controls it all through the touch of a button keeping it all running twenty four seven is the job of operations manager craig humphrey they just for example open up an experiment that is when you're on the train generations imitation ok so the example here is that we have the. temperature one each one of these rectangles represents i think tank with an ordinary coal or a front of has a some of these are some of the tanks that we've already looked out exactly so temperature one is indicated by these color rectangles each color represents a different page ok there is no different concentration of c o two yes exactly so what we have in this room we have four different temperatures here for different pages and every combination of these sixteen different water is running in this room so i'll just let temperature three for example i can see the red thanks for

trying to and that's a perfectly good enough time but all of the cutting edge research that systems technology and engineering now allows ultimately one thing stands out we've never been able to run such a long time experiment because the quality of the water liquid quality of the controls put sophisticated enough that we could actually produce offspring after all it's not whether the corals on the reef today will be able to adapt and exist on the reefs of two thousand and fifty and twenty one hundred it's whether their descendants will researchers are seeking to determine not just whether corals can be conditioned to withstand future ocean conditions but whether those manipulated corals can pass those survival traits on to future generations the process is known as assisted evolution so the main goal of this is the evolution point to assume the problem still. hasn't monsters in the climate so it's better to withstand hide something else in the city because. if we can perhaps mix from the from the

skeletons hasa grown closer i did an ideal world all of the about madeline van op and is a principle research scientist at ames and leads its assisted evolution program and how are you going about this to walk me through some of the nuts and bolts of how this research goes about we are and crossing different species a and rational as at home like meat. i provide new characteristics to that but they can and major. when we were in the senate three grown these high risk pools on the predictor of future ocean dishes and basically have natural selection make those individuals that perform to take out i'm really curious about this how do you go about the cross-fertilization what are the one of the mechanics involved in reading a forum so first of all we need to send a team out to the rig to to collect home phone use that that have ritual acts so we

need to go around and pick those companies that are ready to go. as seen in this video shot at regular speed the collected coral colonies are brought back to the sea simulator to spawn the corals package both sperm and egg into what are called bundles when they are ready to release the coral pushes the bundles through the mouth openings of their polyps creating a distinct visual image. like christmas space like decorated christmas presents waiting with them applying for once it releases those bomb knows they float to the surface of the bed and make us put them up on something very simple. and then we bring them into our law raring area the bundles are than separated into sperm and egg and crossbred according to the breeding match scientists wish to attain selected sperm and egg are reintroduced to each other through and in vitro process two hours later fertilization is complete and what are now coral larvae are moved into rearing tanks were dr lena bay looks after them while they are at their most

vulnerable so point out what i'm looking at i mean you know these look like little dust particles but their baby clothes that's exactly right and each one of their eyes can grow into a. car oh if that lucky enough to find the right spot on me and they have the right conditions so they've they're four years old that's what's going to happen i'm not. so now we're going to. be here and we're going to actually expire so i'm to be very hot temperatures to see whether we identified and wins under these conditions. and really it's all over and individuals from from this bunch in you know all right and you're doing that just next door just over here all right so baby coral go from those tanks over there and they wind up here yeah that's right so we have a nursery on one side and. this is on this is essentially

where we need to very warm and we did that for about three days. see which ones survived not all coral spawned in the lab are crossbred some are simply manipulated or evolved but the end game is the same all right so this is one of the rooms where you're you have an experiment running and i see these little plugs with teeny tiny little world where these guys are so important this is this little corner somebody's year old and but it was initially it's. a lot of articles bred here in the sea simulator and hopefully. this in this election be able to reproduce itself with the project that you have going on i mean it seems to me like it's it's very solutions oriented right i mean a lot of the time you know scientists are are documenting the decline of a system and that can be a very demoralizing thing to do but in this case you're you're trying to come up

with a solution here what is in your opinion what is the end game of of your research what is the final result here or are we are you driven to action i think is first the greek would improve the success of. the way for them. but also we hope that we will be able to increase resilience around the family how things are in systems form breathing maybe someone from. no snow and hans falls you know releasing them into the barn and then bringing with them next fall we would hope that that would increase the salience down roots and i'm not so negatively impact for over who goldberg the threat to coral reefs goes beyond simply the concerns of scientists when you take what coral reefs represent to paypal and this is the amazing numbers right so there's an estimated five hundred million people on the planet who come to go read so much on

a daily basis to get food and income now that's about one in every twelve people that is dependent on coral reefs worldwide four hours north of the games facility is the port city of cannes the primary maritime gateway to the great barrier reef more than two million people visit the great barrier reef every year many of them beginning their tour right here and that's what we're here to do to see the reef through the eyes of those who make it an economic engine as well as an ecological want to. call mackenzie is the executive director of the association of marine park tourism operators his job is to represent the interests of the g.b. r.s. tourism industry both with the government and with the scientific community look there is no doubt that tourism is the backbone of the kane's region and that's underpinned by the fact that something like justin came to sixteen thousand people

employed in the ranger is an industry across the whole industry it's a six billion dollar industry and employs about sixty three thousand people it's a six billion dollar industry that's huge that's six billion a year just billion a year just to queensland in the last especially last couple of years with a follow up of a huge leaching event that was reported in the media you know the great barrier reef is really received a lot of attention what do you think about all the publicity that's coming your way . well one of the publisher he was incredibly negative and also untruthful. we had stories of no what he three percent of the wreath laying dead and daunting and that we've seen stories where people are written lee you tree for the great barrier reef how has that impacted the tourism activities in the perception of tourism here in cannes what little bleaching event happened this year so like in the season that most people who are already booked their trips to come in so we've had a really good tourism season i worry about next year and next year is where the

people who was sitting in in america or in in europe are going to go or should we get the barrier reef should we go somewhere else the morning that i choose to go see the reef or myself starts off ominously a squall pushes through cannes luckily blowing out just as quickly as it blew in. like the thousands of travelers from around the world do each day i book a trip on one of the reef leads boats the vessel is the reef test the captain is mark albert. the rate we're going to today is briggs right. thirty nautical miles southeast of cannes saw it we go to on briggs right is about six made his day perfect for intro dive but all around briggs very first water that's thirty five to forty made his day so you have the snow ice cold water that's coming up in the race bringing all these nutrients into the right excellent sought for fish and flight simming in an aquarium the trip out to briggs' reef is about an hour and forty

minutes and without land markers it's seemingly a trip to the middle of the ocean until you arrive. so we can we have u.s. president donald trump getting ready to make his speech or polls are expecting him to lay out a new plan for iran has just an issue or the safety and security of the american people. history has shown that the longer we ignore a threat the more dangerous that threat becomes for this reason upon taking office i have ordered a complete strategic review of our policy toward the rogue regime in iran. that review is now complete. today i am announcing our strategy along with several major steps we are taking to confront the arraigning regimes hostile actions and to ensure that iran never

and i mean never acquires a nuclear weapon our policy is based on a clear eyed assessment of the iranian dictatorship its sponsorship of terrorism and its continuing aggression in the middle east and all around the world around is under the control of a fanatical regime that seized power in one thousand nine hundred seventy nine and forced a proud people to submit to its extremist rule this radical regime has rated the wealth of one of the world's oldest and most vibrant nations and spread death destruction and chaos all around the globe beginning in one thousand nine hundred seventy nine agents of the iranian regime.

illegally seized the u.s. embassy in tehran and held more than sixty americans hostage during the four hundred forty four days of the crisis. the iranian backed terrorist group hezbollah twice bombed our embassy in lebanon once in one nine hundred eighty three and again in one thousand nine hundred four another iranian supported bombing killed two hundred forty one americans service members they were in their barracks in beirut in one nine hundred eighty three in one nine hundred ninety six the regime directed another bombing of american military housing in saudi arabia murdering one thousand americans in called blood or any and proxies provided training to operatives who were later involved in al qaeda is bombing

of the american embassies in kenya tanzania and two years later killing two hundred twenty four people and wounding more than four thousand others the regime harbored high level terrorists in the wake of the nine eleven attacks including osama bin laden's son. in iraq and afghanistan groups supported by iran have killed hundreds of american military personnel the iranian dictatorships aggression continues to this day. the regime remains the world's leading state sponsor of terrorism and provides assistance to al qaeda the taleban hezbollah mosques and other terrorist networks it develops deploys and proliferates

missiles that threaten american troops and our allies it harasses american ships and threatens freedom of navigation in the arabian gulf and in the red sea it imprisons americans on false charges and it launches cyber attacks against our critical infrastructure financial system and military the united states is far from the only target of the iranian dictatorships a long campaign of bloodshed the regime violently suppresses its own citizens it shot unarmed student protesters in the street during the green revolution this regime has field sectarian violence in iraq and vicious civil wars in yemen and syria in syria the iranian regime has

supported the atrocities of bashar al assad's regime and condoned assad's use of chemical weapons against helpless civilians including many many children given the regimes a murderous past and present we should not take lightly it's sinister vision for the future the regimes to favor chance our death to america and death to israel. realizing the gravity of the situation the united states and the united nations security council sought over many years to stop iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons with a wide array of strong economic sanctions but the previous administration

lifted these sanctions just before what would have been the total collapse of the arabian regime through the deeply controversial two thousand and fifteen nuclear deal with iran this deal is known as the joint comprehensive plan of action or j c p a way as i have said many times the iran deal was one of the worst and most one sided transactions the united states has ever entered into the same mindset that produced this deal is responsible for years of terrible trade deals that have sacrificed so many millions of jobs in our country to the benefit of other countries we need to go shaders who will much more strongly represent america's interests the nuclear.