are thought to have shelled kurdish military positions with kurdish fighters responding with rocket fire reportedly fighting shia militia at the same time tensions have been high since last month's referendum kurdish fighters who helped drive eisel out of rackers say the people of the city will determine its future u.s. backed forces have fully recaptured the syrian city which had been eyesores self-proclaimed capital since two thousand and fourteen they formally handed over control of record to a council of local officials and tribal leaders. spain's prime minister is accusing separatists in catalonia of violating the basic principles of the european union in their bid for secession mariano rajoy will announce measures on saturday to impose direct rule on catalonia. pollution in the indian capital new delhi as hits more than twenty times the healthy limit after a night of fireworks celebrating the hindu festival of diwali despite

a court ordered ban on the sale of firecrackers and many still set off to celebrate the festival of lights all right up to date with all the headlines here on al-jazeera i'll be back with more news in just under half an hour's time stay tuned now for earthrise examining some innovative solutions so what shortages life now. here in the himalayas maybe in the causes of climate change but the effects all around you have a melting the temperatures are rising although you can feel it is about forty five percent more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere just now and that was when human

civilization first developed. climate change is just one of the ways in which our presence on earth is profoundly altering the planet. and this new series of us rise will be exploring how to counter some of the greatest threats to survival including pollution loss of habitat drought and over consumption. from the mountains of the himalayas to the astray and out back in the hot springs of iceland will be looking at the impact of these global issues at the local level. we'll be bringing you stories of adaptation innovation and action from the people who are rising to the environmental challenges that we face today this is a thrice. wouldn't

cut his teeth that the status of the. less than three percent is fresh water and ice and that is frozen glass in some polar ice caps. it's leaves less than zero point one percent readily accessible over the planet's fresh water needs. at the supply despite resources under threat from pollution mismanagement rising to mountains and climate change. in just over a decade it's estimated that the world will and have sixty percent of the water it needs. we were content to conserve it. the most will be in a come to the dark in northern india where some engineers have come up with some innovative solutions to alleviate water stress in mountain communities and i might even enjoy the government of taking the water crisis into that.

one. millions of people relied directly on glass will melt water survival due to climate change these reservoirs in the sky disappearing at an alarming rate some scientists are protected by the end of the frenchie much the himalayas could be practically ice free. here in the dark which experiences only fifty millimeters of annual rainfall glasses have been the light source for centuries but due to climate change over fourteen percent of the local area has been lost in the last fifty years i'm here to visit an engineer who's come up with a beautiful and extraordinary way of preserving the gracey water. made of ice.

in the town of late say one don't need a local environmental scientist understanding. about climate change and the effects on mountain communities can you give us a sense of some of the challenges that they're facing here in lay the main crisis is that you have. is that we can see that kind of leisure and that's where it was and of the weather is going in for the near the dead and that glacier is sitting at a very fast speed and everything every lady has a guest house and they're draining groundwater like anything if there is no rush or water sewerage are they gonna watch it in the polls there will be what they'd like to. see people you know fighting over water literally literally the situation is getting worse by the.

almost a billion people are affected by shrinking glass years throughout the himalayas a nearby village fiann farmers are on the front line. and phone shook and shook have been working here for more than forty years. thank you so much. ok so cheers have you noticed any changes perhaps with the seasons or with the levels of water or even the law in the shooting of. your long. collections of the past is the term of art to treat each other in knots have but i don't come i found was not going to make an answer presents itself to she ten or nothing at the really counts of school class which has in truth here. going to be made by

a young treatment. when i come here and she's asked what has your. position. here in the region of the population relies heavily on the indus river. but with the situation getting dramatically worse the local engineers so numb one chook stepped up to the challenge of helping the villagers adapt to these changes. in general february nobody needs water so the streams flow and going to the indus and into the ocean whereas in april or may everybody all the plants all humans are all dying for water. and then there is. cute shortage of water. but i still does it by using winter water storing it in the form of life and it melts exactly when there is this acute shortage that spring problem is solved

using winter water into ice that melts in spring and then set. the environment to mountain school he founded in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight tsunami has been refining and teaching his eye stupid concept for the last two years in the bible brings water and it boils down and becomes. you know the next forty fifty years the people who will be running this world are now in schools and colleges i want to engage them in the you know it is to be sensitive towards the environment in the mountains so then the earth could be in safe hands and before we go to we'll see a little demonstration of how it is. now that suppose in the mountain and that bucket there is say the stream from the lake or the stream water comes in

the by which is underground but here you can see. there is pressure in the pipe and then it comes like this so you can feel small droplets which means watery very exposed to the minus twenty minus thirty air loses its heat and freezes there's no moving part there is no electricity just gravity that's the beauty of it. good thank you. thank you. we're heading up to the ice stupors further up in the mountains the first we have to make it clicks don't. know the good. news is for the ice to push to help us form for this is a kind of way of parts like the skeleton of this if you like. i'll go and give them

a handwritten. thank. you. my contribution. wow. never seen anything like that before. this is. now i understand. you know it's quite a is a bonkers idea it's quite it's quite. the design of the steeple is critical for its

success they must have a minimal surface area to provide a marksman protection from the sun this enables it to last long into spring sometimes up to four months if the same volume of ice was a flat it would melt within days. after. his claimed the top rate is crampons and i set and he's thrown down this role please do. pulling them up piece by piece and just adding them to the pile the prickly buckthorn is added all the way to the top of the stupor the water catches on to the stones between easy to crystallize the cold weather. and when you see the size of it you really understand how that could have a significant impact. would you reckon the volume of water is there two million liters only unneutered.

the bulk of that really in the heart of the ice. is this large plate that's the one is channeling the term from gracey up on the mountain it's coming down to the base of the pipe because the head of pressure is forcing it fifteen or twenty is up into the air. to sprinkle. structure. for spooky. sometimes vision isn't just about handful of very stupids in one moment village hundreds of protecting the entire himalayas and helping irrigate fields forests. five thousand trees were planted in twenty fifteen and irrigated each spring with the water harvested from the ice steeple it is already one global recognition for this project what's the future for these guys where do you see is going in the next

few years i see it going in two different directions lower and lower towards the people in the villages higher and higher towards the highest parts of the valley where you can grow many of them chains of them so our hope is we could really hear what we have lost to buy time and adapt to changing climate so we've just lost the sun over the hill it's getting cold very quickly but we've got a plan. because danson and thomas here and they've brought some prayer flags to tie up on to the top of these two i stoop with and we'll get a sense to more morning. create these amazing structures. the water in the plate is released overnight when temperatures reached minus twenty minus thirty degrees. slowly building up these structures until they reach heights of sixty or seventy feet.

it's like all right thank you struck. the next morning a return to the stupid to see the changes in the overnight. oh man. that is for pastor his. goals i want to claim up but that's a good idea that's why i get stuck. i'm going to make nice addition to the sculpture just thinking they're going to come back tomorrow and frame it. bearing in mind the whole reason that they're doing this is to try and conserve winter. is like a kind of water battery charger in the winter. in the spring.

we are losing our glister almost for no fourth of our. life would not have been possible at all in the desert had it not been for the blessing. because it had this belies water from then love thousands of years ago being able to survive and if they are gone we will be gone and it will be a real desert with no life people in big cities if they live simply then people in the mountains would simply live and sooner or later it come to their own doorstep so we should be sensitive to see the first sign and then our way.

sources of fresh water. and drown to spread an investment bank goldman sachs has. the next century yet it's already tension. on the indus river system built by india seen by rival pakistan as a threat to national security but in india boiled over in bangalore in two thousand and sixteen when the supreme court of the state not to raise the river calvary into town. has become a weapon of war in iraq and syria. by two thousand and twenty two thirds of the world's population could be. made to closer thank. you and jordan is one of the driest countries in the wild with less water capita

the last anywhere else on climate change population growth and politics but i'm already strained water supply under stress. but the country recently suffering from its was trapped and nine hundred years it is now estimated to only have enough water to recess two million people it has a population of six men. with faulty pipes and plumbing contributing to the crisis i'm here to visit a scheme which is putting women at the heart of efforts to combat this growing. i meet with an ex-pat look to riot and to be one of the well when people come to buy more hotel. people come when they run out yes this is a man while we're gone. so these guys are they going to sell the water to people

always before that were they buying it now a member. of congress. who. sure who might. have. this new law and there's fifteen families asked for him to bring the warthog all of them the same family as i did. what we did on the sixty. which is. an average of somebody else in the world this is well below the threshold defining go to stress and it's due to drop in the coming months. with. with the you know why is the situation so bad with israel this year is. it comes to. the kind of. i think personally the coming war in the region will be about what according to one study the kingdom supply of fresh water is on track to

be. twenty six to make matters worse around fifty percent of the water distributed to houses across the country is lost through illegal tapping and faulty pipes but a practical solution to these water issues has been developed in collaboration with the jordanian government it's known as the water wise women's initiative. this course teaches women water saving techniques and plumbing skills and is supervised by x. magic. dragon lady the main top what happened the first forty eight hours all the parts of the top need to come out in order so that they can go back in order so the farmer can check them one by one. stone is the total loss to leakage and is at least seventy six billion liters enough to see. by the needs of two point six million people i am reattaching into the topic and i'm going to make sure

it's very secure ok let's tighten up ok good. for your kind of. childish i think it was that. women are specifically being trained because in traditional middle eastern culture the husband must be present for a male plan they can visit. to fix the problem themselves saves them both time and fight. three thousand women around the country learning from this initiative is making a big difference. some of the qualified waterwise women have got a job fixing the plumbing. and i've been invited to join. the.

broken into the time and make of the water so they've got to make sure every drop of. the time. because. if the water. a man of the moss is just checking that everything's down. but. i don't think you'd know he's made he's not. with the water tank on the roof signed off it's time to head inside to complete the job. so i basically lavish a room where people come and perform make they wash before they pray and the nails are going to show me how to attach these at the top and they don't waste as much water helps conserve water because it's small it's hard to yeah. you have to.

go to the last ones to. fail the first had to fire a thing when you go to people's houses and sometimes you find many some men who kind of don't like that there's a female come to their home or do you say by james rice and see if we can do it or just give us a chance this year we are. so confidence with this they look at us like oh my god and knew it they have oh. ok let's see wow i already know that you know nice maybe i would die out is leaking from the top so yeah i was not ok so i think i need to stop now and let us take over. the walk the water wise woman on telling is even more important now considering the impact the war in neighboring syria is having on jordan around two million refugees are being hosted in the

country increasing the rate of groundwater depletion. just fifteen miles from the front is saturday refugee. this. is like a little sissy. as eighty thousand sign of fiji's living have just beginning credible strain on jordan's supply. getting water to the people living here is a massive logistical operation caffie control with no pipe now fifty eight trucks like this one distribute water daily to twelve thousand times. for scaring people but when the water runs out that sets. we have. been reached. so it's like.

very. ensuring the syrians manage their water russian. is one of the camp's will to provide education refugees on how best to conserve their water the water here it's. so small so they need like an awareness session for them to improve the use it for the water these awareness sessions to help refugees cope with limited supplies ahead. and i. have been emma does. that see the fee and. if you have those you think a meal. is just women here. because they are out of the let's say the course for the family they are responsible for everything. and in the best way to manage their water ration is vital for these women and yes.

it's great it's really good the what they're doing have a man trying to kind of reinforce the message of how it is and how much we need to conserve that's. one refugee has been on the water wise women. i meet up with. who is now one of the initiatives by successful women she sets up her own business and employs five other female candidates. so the as you know when in my. opinion this was a. any. moment. is essential now the left. anything for you eat healthy.

and i mean look at the way. it's clear that water shortages across the globe. to find creative and sustainable solutions. new designs such as this mesh like structure meets european converting pets to drinking and. other devices and looking to the power of the sun to help solve water in countries like i could. and gone. into the on to mine who says are addressed to skies to continue to spread its innovations like these provide time to tweak and adapt in the meantime.

across the globe breathtaking efforts to clean up the planet saturn are underway in milan companies are turning to a radical solution biodynamics a mad toxic pollution so this really is a living building that's constantly interacting with its environment earthrise visits the frontin years of the battle for the environment scientists here in iceland a pioneering a new technique to reduce emissions earthrise look for new ways of preventing air pollution at this time now to zero. a journey both dark. there's a very for everybody and there's a lot of corruption and beautiful lake the beautiful lady you have to be very

patient and the city has ascended towers introduce your. my father and my most or our king for king for the personal story to discover the source of one of the most expensive commodities sent from heaven this time on al-jazeera. than the differences. and the similarities of cultures across the world. al-jazeera. suicide bombers target two mosques in afghanistan.