well i would that's what this job. when the power goes out to our. there's only one humanity to. local heroes to many. electricity. but keeping the lights on is dangerous. as your forces cracked skull begin to fly. a witness documentary this time on how jersey or. new yorkers are very receptive to al-jazeera because it is such an international city they are very interested and that global perspective that al jazeera provides. a lot has. the top stories on al-jazeera who kenyatta has vowed to unite kenya

getting sworn in for a second term as president on now firmly behind us it's been a trying time but once again kenyans of their resilience. in calming their plans. and the passions that accompany political competition. pope francis has. to respect human rights and ethnic diversity he's been holding talks with the animals leader aung sang suu kyi but the head of the roman catholic church did not mention the word range of a military crackdown and widespread violence has forced hundreds of thousands of range of muslims to flee to neighboring bangladesh in what the u.n. calls ethnic cleansing. but. peace is based on respect and dignity and the rights of every member of society and for every ethnic group and its identity to be respected under human rights and the democratic order no individual or ethnic group should be excluded

everyone can offer a legitimate contribution to the common good and the great work of reconciliation the national integration of religious communities and their differences must not be a source of division of. the situation in the rakhine as most strongly captured the attention of the world. as we address longstanding issues social economic and political that have eroded trust and understanding harmony and cooperation between different communities and the support of our people and of good friends who only raced to see us and diverse has been invaluable your holiness the gifts of compassion and encouragement that you bring to us the treasure reports from deputy prime minister francis fitzgerald has agreed to resign a no confidence motion was jus on the issue she's accused of acting against the

whistleblower moves expected to end the likelihood of a snap election that would have affected the u.k.'s ongoing negotiations. french president has called on europe and africa to increase cooperation to crack down on trafficking groups emanuel. as part of a three country africa tour major issue during his visit of the reports of the refugees and migrants being held as slaves in libya from for un security council meeting on the issue on wednesday. at least one thousand people have been killed by syrian government and strikes in a rebel held area on the outskirts of the capital damascus the second attack on eastern ghouta in forty eight hours the asset government stepped up the pace of strikes before the eighth round of geneva talks to try and end the conflict and those talks were meant to begin on tuesday but the un has only just been given confirmation that syrian government representatives will not arrive until wednesday

greek police are questioning nine people with suspected links to far left so far left group that is outlawed in turkey the greek antiterrorism service raided apartments in athens on tuesday police were investigating the revolutionary people's liberation front which has been blamed for several bomb attacks amnesty international says it is obtained new material pointing to energy giant shells complicity in violence against protesters in nigeria the rights organization says internal documents and evidence show show requested protection to subdue demonstrations against oil spills the company issued a statement al-jazeera denying the allegations those are the headlines.

we will maintain the finest fighting force of the world has ever known the world has ever known the world has ever known we'll never know it's over and i don't personally have any difficulty with most of it i just don't like the image that it conjures up in most people's mind. it's like any other thing in the global finance it's just the military trade. and the. contractors don't like her time around. my dad he could go to. this one young government expects of the iraqi coupe and was considered a good deal. not be the article you were on yeah it's more like thirty years closely. we have a mismatch between the way we on the magic war to be and the reality of the twenty

first century can we do a little or can we find someone that we do it for boardroom don't you get what you pay for. b.b.c. world service and u.s. troops have left iraq that it continues to maintain a high places in the country with the largest u.s. embassy in the world the situation in afghanistan the center for crucial for the international troops to go under control over to the afghan forces dish if you're just attrition really critical in the country. since without americans out there that we are some time out for that stuff and

you're right. this is a man who says he wants. so yeah like you know if i was this other fans or even friends one. of them they are already out there on that. day not right now down there tonight here. how many of the persons that you're sending out to. your child soldiers and the like i said i can't i can tell you that i mean if you think i can't i can't. i can't tell you dealing with the many people i'm going to do. this and this and this. you miss it and yet inspecting it you know. if you. do you report you yeah. yeah

yeah. really what's. the real thing well. enough to look at here. for a while and i will too. this is our tradition if you don't know for it with a stick from the spear with our own. that's the tradition so if you're trying to simulate this for me disoriented them psychological i'm sure but that isn't the case for maybe critical of people who used to be fighting when they were very young that they all go to war you believe that's a problem that's not a problem for us mother from. the particles not from the boxes just of us have. and even if they had started when they were full of us or live another thirty but that's not a problem was not

a problem just does the job as they are here his car yeah yeah. let me send guys whatever yes we fasted for him and they got his school fees he's got freddy. i mean never got my summit on resorted to using a gun i because of the ideas being that people go isn't what you tell me this is what they do i need to understand english. gun to shoot those who want to fight me.

will get companies risk on common contract as my mom wanted them. or example i didn't remember it was for someone time. the private military industry is a part of how the country is in fights wars today. u.s.

government doesn't track the number of contractors it uses in places iraq or afghanistan we know it's a lot we don't really know exactly how many. i spent several years working within the industry i have a military background and one of the differences between being a soldier i found and being a private military contractor is that when you work for the u.s. military or any military you take a sacred oath that you're going to serve and fight for your country and necessary die to protect a way of life one that you believe in i am an american soldier i'm a warrior and a member of it seems. like. i will never accept defeat. at least i will never win i'll never leave a fallen comrade it's the complete opposite in a private military world you look at the budget first the loyalty of these

companies and these businessmen and change depending on market forces. we operate in the world's challenging complex emerging markets the middle east is absolutely the core for other business today. the sooner we can be in pal and we perform and do the right thing on. this industry is not just what you see is what you get. when you see a company you don't know exactly who's working for them they hire and they sometimes create what we call subs sub contractors. there's been commanders in afghanistan who just simply say we don't know who the

subs of the subs subs are. so you have all these like layers of a contract. a level of quality control starts to fade quickly the deeper you go from the top to the bottom. united states army and the military in general is so reliant on the private sector i would call it a dependency but we don't know who's the on the ground presence of these companies overseas we just don't know.

crazy or not surely it's really crazy in iraq. because since the feds the ice that my fits in iraq every did that was a bomb and they bombed a village that is iraq it's. every day we have rockets fired. every day how to gunshots every day a bomb in income and income and only good. if someone's you know what's you damage for all of our guts for all of the civil union guys well trained guys. as soon as i originally rock i called my mom i said mom i'm in iraq she said oh. i said i'm in iraq no no you're kidding i said no moment not kidding i'm in iraq i said mom just watch the number what's the number and she watched the number. she was she was just she was yelling oh that is what i said no mom there is no problem

here we are saved we are not using weapons we are you here is does our i convinced my mom i said we are doing just domestic walk in iraq she told all the neighbors around so my son he's in iraq you know he's doing. cooking job not only in that weapon. just after the war and surveil you know i couldn't make it up because there was no job by then. and my friend calls me it's all me that's a. very civic and see they were recruiting guys so-called so it's also iraq if you just use weapons and we are well trained and it come. comply on.

the first time i arrived to to this training camp compliant iraq together with that two white men fan from the security company. went driving out in this small truck and swats towards the camp through this forest a landscape not so far away from from the airports and when we enter the camp and get out of the car the first thing we see is this a gun an instructor was and shouts of the training out there making the recruits lined up in order to receive these guys from the past security company. came from iraq. with mike in from iraq you said that he needed.

they were a shallow fighter who supposed to go to europe. you know. this is only people that. are fighting. from as young government as there is. it was considered a quite good deal in the sense that they could actually take no good troublemakers something away to back for a couple of years and then returning them after two years with money and from the overseas deployment this could surf to stabilise security. in the beginning of the training cost of another real weapons presence so they were

using the wooden sticks. it was first after a couple of days and so the training that the weapons and their well being lined up at the tables within in the middle of the big camp. it was this tension and excitement those attention mainly because now it's actually getting into something very real. for many have to be true this isn't the first time holding a weapon since the ending of the civil war. many

were starting to shake and some were even starting to cry when the when the su got the weapons not being able to to handle them. i'm batting for like. and i mean what is coming. from because i thought that we sort of to know when i'm seeing this and something. most of them are now. my device. reporter who were born again i said you know i didn't quite get what. i survive and i live where point.

this young and what has been what mainly by young converts and. looking for young men to perform military jobs the chance of a quite good that they have also been. i was it's at thirteen. but you never can mean i think that actually. it took my father a time when putting on the. ground. on a. day

. like. you know me. they fought with us you know i don't know what's right what's he talking about. right. right right you know. i don't. need to watch you all could end up going to show you died to have in mind for a few thousand officers if not god every day remember returned i have you my father are you my what i would next i get i would keep.

this it's little become going to. have to go. i said no i don't want a tree so i start to i go to this such as used in this. stuck in my boat. my boat is that bond and i. can drop just as it is crying for more to get the comic she forgets about you or your motor so i start says. when i was young. at a lot of things that i've been seeing there. not a day which is not good for you monday. because.

of the job you have you come on down when does it go the people you have to go to by denny don't you to have been killed. when we think of war and the war you're right we have this image. of a man and uniform. and uniform means they're fighting as part of a military serving a nation because if they fight for their force political patriotism and yet when you look at the wars of the twenty first century they don't match those assumptions anymore now we have outsourced

a lot of our warfare to private military companies. the background of the changing nature of war and fights that dates back to the very start of the private military industry itself as. until the early ninety's the security industry is a dark american industry. right mustn't he's bringing down governments for the cash can you explain what exactly sound fine internationally is mchugh doing. sunline. is a company that provides military consultancy services for governments or large corporations. at the time the idea was to get very posh

english officers on top of these private military companies and tim spicer was an officer in the military british military he got out and was asked to come help with a company called sandline. to spices a rival gave an almost instant sense of respectability to what had previously been a mess in the world and i don't personally have any difficulty with what must be i just don't like the image that it comes out in most people's mind the first time i met tim's vice i was interviewing him for a newspaper the washington charming public school educated god's officer and that medievals it must be a feature they construe before and it changed the agenda of the global agenda almost a prophet you company was. tim spicer was considered a respectable head of

a mercenary organization but at first his business affairs didn't go too well it was dogged by failure for example he got a phone call from a fellow indian with a tie passport who was under house arrest. for a financial scandal and he contacted tim spicer and wanted him to restore the president of sierra leone. once the president surely and was back in power this guy would then get his contracts for diamonds and be able to make money . but it didn't work out that way. the company started life run by tip spy service for the army colonel hundred fifty patients by customs and excise that is accused just smuggling weapons illegally. when a private firm gets involved in foreign politics for the benefit of a criminal you have to stop and ask ok this really happened or is this

a fictitious you know james bond type story but it was a true story. these things tended to happen systems spies or government and that he'd always somehow managed to get signed the recently retired british cannot do that a band of ministers is safely back in this country so has this put him up his new career as a hired gun going to continue with this new new business of yours sandline international well i think we've got to a number of lessons to learn from this particular. episode i think that we will continue to try and develop our business as long as we can do it in a. sensible way. sandline eventually collapsed on the way to bad a mistake. was that of a you know in the short term you could say that was not a successful company in terms of delivering enormous amounts of money to its shelves and so forth to firstly. it launched him spice on a career where he was able to found what would then become one of the most

significant problem if your company in the world. it just. was plain. good. luck. oh i. sure to films of hope. and inspiration. a series of short personal stories that highlight the human triumph against the odds.

al-jazeera selects at this time the nature is news as it breaks the last time senegal qualified for the world cup was in two thousand to fifteen years on and hope to do even better in russia next year with detailed coverage hard to imagine that only seven years ago people were living right here farming shrimp now the sea has taken over their land from around the world donald trump is promising a major policy announcement on trade a potential challenge to caracas a missed opportunity a rotten. overthrow and exiled they point a gun saying it will all dismiss me an intimate film about the struggle of the elected leader of madagascar to return to his country and reinstate his presidency you know is that the true issue and we say that not only do you think she is speaking in. you will need to change the return of the president at this time on

al-jazeera. a lot has in doha round up of the headlines on al-jazeera who kenyatta as vowed to unite kenya after being sworn in for a second term as president you know you ration follows four months of political upheaval opposition leader. i don't know against kenyatta his presidency police have used tear gas to disperse the dangerous supporters they were gathered in the jacaranda grounds where a planned counter protest as kenyatta was being sworn in. pope francis has urged me to respect human rights and ethnic diversity he's been holding talks with myanmar's leader aung san suu kyi but the head of the roman catholic church did not mention the word rape hinge in his speech and military crackdown on widespread

violence has forced hundreds of thousands of range of muslims to flee to neighboring bangladesh you want the un has called ethnic cleansing. we're not. big. he says based on respect and dignity and the rights of every member of society and for every ethnic group and its identity to be respected under human rights and the democratic order no individual or ethnic group should be excluded everyone can offer a legitimate contribution to the common good and the great work of reconciliation in the national integration of religious communities and their differences must not be a source of division and you'll be in more. reports from allah and say deputy prime minister francis fitzgerald has agreed to resign and the confidence motion was due on the issue she is accused of failing to protect the police officer who blew the whistle on corruption washee was the minister in charge moves expected to end the likelihood of a snap election that would have affected the u.k.'s ongoing breaks it talks at

least nineteen people have been killed in syrian government asked strikes in eastern huta the government has stepped up the attacks ahead of the eighth round of geneva talks they were meant to begin on tuesday but the government delegation says it won't arrive until wednesday french president has called on europe and africa to increase cooperation to crack down on trafficking groups emanuel macross says people smugglers need to be penalized. part of a three country africa talk. now it's back to child soldiers reloaded we're back. to our.

way. when i live in a kurd everything changed. the contractor content of the armed forces went up astronomically at this hour american and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm iraq . ideologically republicans my party wanted every single public function to be scrutinized analyzed evaluated and if possible

privatized general shinseki the head of the us army at the time testified to congress and said if we're going to do iraq it's going to take several hundred thousand u.s. troops and very quickly the rest of the bush administration reacted negatively and he's absurd that's crazy it's not going to require those amount of troops and they actually simply drummed him out of the military it turned out he was right we did deploy several hundred thousand forces it was just through private military. so in the early days of iraq it was a gold rush you had companies coming out of nowhere including blackwater who was

really like a cowboy a wild wild west where nobody had any control anybody doing anything with firearms in this country to say their private military company. was an a.t.m. for these companies the basic idea of a contractor versus recruiting. training in supporting military vets is that there is room hiring a prostitute or getting married. so instead of a soldier who has an x. cost of a year now being a contractor who's being paid eight times ten. well what has happened is that america has basically married a prostitute and has been active in them for a very long period of time there's a lot of how much you do the things. you keep with you it's not invade a country and it would be a good thing. but none of you know russians are searching around ok i'm working with you on this so we will get

a real mummy's word series. contractors offer some grey area benefits to politicians everybody is concerned like we have a thousand boots to the ground and nobody ever asks how many contractors there is don't like her boots on the ground. so if the us military wanted to put one thousand boots on the ground and there's four thousand contractors it's a way of you know having force of five thousand but without politically risk. trying to meet. they're shooting at you next to you yes yeah he was but you don't get bang bang so did did you get a skirt shoot for that shine from. a ricochet to his car but. that's

exactly. right it's only right once. the security companies had the sensitivity of something as civilians would often if not always. get caught in the crossfire. what governments have always done is they would do two things at once. you fight and you win hearts and minds. private and she took it didn't do that. try this comes on the ground opening fire they were very very noticeable they would play rock music that in this was not there was no subtlety to this this is not a even the military with most discreet than the private security companies and so they were as they were very very public slap in the face for the average iraqi on

a daily basis. to a real problem for the military so we sell the contractor presence in iraq in particular but afghanistan too was becoming contrary to what the mission was for the armed forces there for their presence was more danger than it was help them. now we do it . every turn around that traffic circle. they're trying really trying to get away. from the problem was that we had all of these different private military companies running around we outsourced too quickly and they work or needed both in contract terms but also in on the ground operational terms so what is your answer to

a problem of outsourcing. outsource more we outsourced it to a private military company to coordinate. did you see a contract in iraq that was to oversee the communication coordination for all of the privacy of your companies on the ground. in effect it meant that they were the general in charge of all of the private contractors. now at that point the u.s. military was the largest machine presence in iraq but if you added together all of the private military contractors spies was effectively in charge of the second largest on force in iraq.

the prisons in iraq was relatively stable for years one. video which was posted on you tube from the contractor who is. following a gun while playing rock music. last night. but no legal actions were taken. very rapidly it just became a shoot. and it made to spy certain extremely healthy man. a majority of americans now think it was a mistake to go to war in iraq public support for the war is falling war americans

want the troops to come home. in a brief ceremony on a base on the edge of baghdad the united states took down the flag of its command here to mark the end of the military mission. the u.s. money was starting to be pulled out of the iraqi. field operations and the industry had to go through a very complicated reset. those companies had to realize that they weren't going to get that level of money again and so they had to offer different. deals. that meant they would have to hire cheap the soldiers. let me. know when

war. i was. going to. go was going to buy your last one. i had to google goog woman and don't want to go so mad. at you must not be an evil. if you got. all the use you. need to if you're hardly going to shove your food would i. buy with the mrs what was going to be so much of a mood. and

a judge and me saying i'm gone and. i don't hold back unless you get. out. you got that out of my. what you mean. the initial story. if he long sleeve could see. them. better than my. duty. to the. courts before harms. innocent people.

or for us to. drop bits. sometimes there will give you just my church which is not some shop we are by even if you can. see it will all whatsoever depressing can feel it more than the experts in here you know that. you've. destroyed your life. i think when i was just.

work undertaken but he just is carried out to the highest standards of rational competence and integrity when we first started into theater we were briefed on peruvian and colombian guards and the natural question you ask is so what do you pay for these folks and you know at the time and i'm playing off memory cells but i'm pretty good at that that was about a thousand to twelve hundred dollars and them oh i don't know six months a year ago it became. god and guards at about eight hundred dollars

a month and we douse the question of security companies because of those lowest price technically acceptable rushed to the bottom that's what some call. white whale gone it's now versus proving some colombians i said we don't have chance to get the award unless we use a god and because there are two to four hundred dollars less and now in this most recent trip the company that is winning all the awards that had this was first part heard of well we've got a good strategy we're using sierra leonean just so you asked the question so what are we paying informants but two hundred fifty dollars a month. well you know i guess rhetorically i don't expect any answer you know can we go a little lower could we find someone it's like we'll do it for boardroom you know that has such a terrible country that maybe they'll just go out of the country and be a free security guard i mean that's pretty inexpensive i say that it sounds facetious but it's real. you know you get what you pay for.

the original goal was not to bring soldiers or exogenous from the poorest countries on earth but the u.s. system requires that you pick the lowest bidder so that became the status quo in iraq to have multiple layers of foreigners as long as you're in the army and you meet certain criteria and sometimes you don't have to be in the army to meet this criteria. companies self interest is different than national self interest companies are profit maximizing what they do that's natural.

right now. what do you do if you know you have somebody from the philippines working for an american private all try company in afghanistan who kills somebody what jurisdiction does that person fall under we don't know. in about fifteen countries i've been involved in programs to reintegrate children who have served in armed forces it's a contradiction in terms on the one hand western countries have pumped large sums

of money into the reintegration of former child soldiers but now we have governments like us supporting these so-called security companies that recruit people and continue their exposure to violence and cement their identities as perpetrators of violence and as soldiers that make it impossible to ever reintegrate into civilian life. at one time when the all kids came into account to kill a lot of. hours on top of the time. looking down we had exposure to second place. i think about doing when people are dying on the street. explosions all over the city not any time had a gunshot had a bomb or watch a very explosion i think about my going to what happens every four.

when he brought you not. the first team for. iraqi. and intended to become. full force. the. the. shut down and i remember. to walk and this is what's happened in sudan you see. you know. if you're running to come you can't get. there fighting for what i want to have of you fighting for you that.

i feel is that you often don't use you know this is not good well because a one. justice you don't have to. it may seem like an actor for you well it is not young people in sierra leon have no jobs they're desperate to feed themselves and their families and result is that it becomes harder and harder to ever find their way back into civilian life and saying they plant seeds of violence wherever they go. it is well known that young people who have extensive histories of violence and being fed drugs and manipulated over time they develop problems of impulsivity high levels of aggression. you know we pride ourselves on being a moral people trying to do the right thing what we're doing is we're exploiting people using young people who have been child soldiers the lubberly sung them into

the jaws of combat and further violence nothing could be worse for these young people nothing could be worse for security. there's a close connection between this industry and policy makers. these private military firms really poach retired general officers and from the armed forces. because they have connections.

i say that it sounds. it's real. you get what you pay. for the security industry will continue to act. you're going to see five companies . that.

people care a lot when and if a dead soldier or dead marine shows up in this country and we start asking ourselves why did they die why what were they fighting for nobody bothers to ask about that contractors. every american who serves joins an unbroken line of heroes i'm awed by their sacrifice. when in good time and not allowing thing i'm going to lie

i'm going to i'm not i'm not you when you bag you in kind of men have thermal coming in the family unit. got in on me what the media got. there's no one going to go out and protest in the streets of a contractor's kill. country still exercises its foreign policy the use of force and violence in these four regions but is using proxies contractors third country nationals and in obscurity their role. you think it is that you're getting that for the record i did some issues here we'll end up in afghanistan it's really your money and your tax money. doing it but

make sure the politicians don't get in trouble. private military contractors makes a decision to go to war a lot easier. as part of ending a war responsibly is standing by those will fund it.

trying. to finish. hello again the seasonal rain is still falling through brazil and along we used to an area power goes back towards bolivia sometimes over the border rather less i was falling further north in brazil and nothing in top thirty forty fifth

assassin northern argentina is the key sunny and reason to be warm twenty is disappointing i know but things can get better thirty three to cincy and again a surprisingly high temperature the past seventy but the past is pretty high above sea level you see the rain coals up through ecuador well northern chile peru and ecuador and it's good to keep going here as well we've had some problem with these big have holes last year but i think this year there was a bit more contained and his the masses showers drifting slowly north through brazil slowly warming up to twenty five in buenos aires that's very pleasant he has time yeah we've seen a lot of rain recently in jamaica and cuba now the rather active line is breaking out slowly nab that doesn't mean there won't be more showers they seem to be more likely to be over cuba rather less so in costa rica but still is this general area of central america where the rain is likely to fall and it's fifteen northwards up into the gulf of mexico as well was actually most of the weather falling out of the sky in the u.s. about spot the amount of cloud is what's falling on the pacific northwest both rain

and snow. the weather sponsored by cattle and race. if you are in beijing looking out the pacific ocean you'd see american warships when mess was that somehow time as aiming to a place america and hanging around the world college chinese are not that stupid these guys want to dominate a huge chunk of the planet this sounds like a preparation for our first president george washington said if you want peace prepare for war the coming war on china at this time jesse and. al jazeera. and for you.

this is al-jazeera.