three previous trump associates charge of course paul manna for the campaign chair as well as an aide and also a foreign policy adviser to the presidential campaign george papadopoulos but there's no question the charges against michael flynn are the most significant because of course michael flynn had a significant part in the early days of the top administration pope francis's for the first time used the word to refer to the muslim minority fleeing following a security crackdown in august the pontiff use the politically sensitive term while meeting will hinge refugees in the bangladeshi capital dhaka he apologized for the world's indifference to their plight and asked them for forgiveness the united nations has launched a record appeal for more than twenty two billion dollars to help victims of conflict and humanitarian crises around the world yemen is the world's worst humanitarian crisis with more than twenty two million people in need severe food shortages and the color crisis nine people have been killed and thirty six injured

after a gunman stormed a college in pakistan these three men dressed in women's burkas carried out its talk on the agriculture training institute in the northwestern city of her shower the attackers were killed after two hours of fighting with the army and police those are the headlines stay with us on al-jazeera earthrise is coming up next.

parts of antarctica a woman faster than anywhere else on the planet this is having an effect on wildlife and is altering deep ocean currents which regulate the world's climate from the poles to the equator. as antarctica's ice melts we're seeing global sea levels rise and unpredictable changes to with world wide. and this earth rise special we visit the world's most remote continent to see the effects of climate change firsthand. i'm tired as an obvious meaning the next month on this research vessel travelling around antarctica with a group of scientists who are trying to understand how the changes taking place there will affect us all.

a jewel an expedition and hope housetraining the russian research ship academy contrition a cough has been hired by the swiss polar institute to circumnavigate antarctica. it will be a floating lebar tree from which fifty five scientists will do twenty two different experiments. david wallsten has been visiting. antarctica for more than fifty years and is the expedition's chief scientist. because the antarctic and the southern ocean actually influence the whole of the global weather system and all the currents in the oceans it matters to everybody it also matters if they're on top of it begins to melt as far as world sea level is concerned it's a larger source of new water added to the oceans in the world so even if you live somewhere a long way away if you're low lying on the coast the antarctic masses to. the

voyage will take us two and a half thousand kilometers south from hobart to the edge of antarctica will then travel five thousand kilometers east making stops at a number of islands. then after a month say he will return to port in southern chile. first we must cross what are known as the furious fifty's in screaming sixty's latitudes nine fifty ferocious with us. we face hundred kilometer hour winds and ten meter away. it's a nearly reminder of the potent energy of the ocean. as we sail selfie and sea become.

then on the sixth morning we wake up to sea ice. soon we're forced to navigate around icebergs some the size of a football pitch others are more than one hundred kilometers long. then finally. we arrive at the minutes in antarctica. and he lays in the powerful winds coming in off the glass and dropping down into the sea this is the one place on the planet at sea level and it's certainly playing up that reputations and. the myths glassy a fascinate scientists because in two thousand and thirteen an enormous chunk around seventy five by thirty five kilometers broke off after it was not by

a large iceberg. this is dramatically changed the flow of ice in the area it's also exposed large areas of ocean floor to study for the first time. the weather comes right from the ship docks it's balanced against the glass yet this gives the scientists a stable platform to begin their work. this suffering yeah exactly. say is a biologist and in charge of an ambitious project something out of a science fiction yeah it's quite amazing. so much here on the whole of the swiss army knife the swiss army knife in time discovering yes exactly this time through some things ok lights. ok. so well i see something you must know his own is cameras basically we work very hard to finish

and cameras. digital still camera one fork a camera here basically we are interested. very. alone we always call them in on this the the from . the team expects to see a vertical wall of ice dropping five hundred meters from the surface but instead there's a surprise. they discover a huge underwater cavern beneath this part of the glass in. the sea water is warmer than expected and this is unusual evidence of now we're really close to the ice and discovered that it was really rotten ice everything was going to play out in a way with still going to a lot of. yeah completely rock that we were not expecting.

a lot especially in this depth so far into the. warmer ocean currents and now flowing further south towards antarctica. scientists believe the kind of melt we've seen here who contribute more than a major to global sea level rise by the end of the century and up to thirteen meters over the next five hundred years. or less is like rivers of ice so when the ocean water warms and they melt the remaining ice moves faster towards the sea it seemed glaciologist want to see how this is happening and ice cores from next to the glass is age seven meters down they find something unexpected. this is the bubbles in.

i think it was probably can raise can time water a liquid salty water. finding so water here suggests warmer ocean currents are having an impact possibly weakening the classiest from beneath. thankfully copters return and the ice cores are loaded on board thanks. to back on the ship they placed in a giant freezer. the history of this is' is the first calls is. going to the continent and then a depth the pressure of the snow above it is compressing compressing into at a depth of about sixty meters this will be so compressed that a form solid ice one of the principles of science is that while that's happening. from the atmosphere that it was late in the snow when it is leaving locked into the

you see these bubbles forming right. gradually as we get deeper under more and more pressure. get isolated and you see these little bubbles and that's when we get deeper into the us cause we want to look at carbon dioxide concentrations back thousands hundreds of thousands of years it's a problem to the atmosphere that we get into so you see that process starting here . a few our schools have been taken from this part of antarctica so there's little specific information about how the climate is changing but it's hope these samples will help fill this gap. further east live the balun a islands for most of the year they're locked in sea ice but a visit like this and summer means a team of scientists can drink the ocean floor and i've been drafted in to help. them. with getting. a certain amount of the rocks and

a lot of have come up with a name so the technique is pretty much say it is a saw. last summer lot and then after that they can get. cases that have come up with. a particular interest of those that take carbon from the environment by locking it away in their shells these then end up being buried in the sea bed when they die. another time. over the last hundred years carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have risen dramatically largely as a result of our burning of fossil fuels. the role these creatures play to counteract this needs to be better understood and incorporated in climate change models. so nothing is the word. perfect

with more than a centimeter all. this. time skeletons made of carbon that these guys here the impressing worms and these tiny things here. that angle by much but there are hundreds of little combinations animals that. story. as a whole and for the stars in. the . balance. so that the system. before. one source at the creatures are taken to the lab and photographed. the sea mouse is a notable catch. so to this brittle star another uncoils itself measuring around fifty centimeters across. many of these creatures will be

preserved and after the expedition the d.n.i. will be analyzed giving the researchers detailed data about the distribution and diversity. having picked over the sun look for anything of interest there are still rocks like the most anyone think today on a ship like this extract ballast so. the robust team also turned their cameras on life on the sea floor. at a depth of nine hundred meters they take samples of cold water corals and a wide variety of other species. they also take see them and course these will give them clues about what's being buried in the ocean floor and how it's changed over

time. but it's lighter in the dive than extraordinary observations my. we have this sea star more precisely a brittle star crawling on of sea floor which we believe in eight or scavenger but certainly have a fish describing it just in the fish with it poison we don't know yet because that's just mean you would ever seen that before and it just in a fish in the side and certainly does will start just roll it it's trying to eat the fish which can swim in it at a speed watch watch much faster than any kind of off sea star you can call it a sea floor so that's quite amazing just to see it and that's that that's the when you. close analysis of the footage reveals ten examples of this. behavior. these are two of the most abundant species living in antarctic waters

and interaction of this nature has important implications for understanding climate change all the calm which is contained in today's fish then transported done nothing to the voter will do isn't ultimately very there we do know quite a lot of organisms including when organisms which are very efficient are poisoning their prey and the icing this is the case but we still have to to do a bit more research we've made a discovery we're now in is that we have to to do further research to really understand what we see. we're. antarctica has the cleanest stand on the planet and at each stop on the voyage atmospheric scientists julia shamali has used a mobile kits to take samples. she's also packed a suite of instruments into a shipping container on board i do has

a good effect your a big read your book is out here on day. one and thanks very much why did the stuff pass of him why he's so interested there was so actually in particular we're interested in the tiny particles that are in the air we call them aerosol aerosol particular and they have very important for the water cycle and because they form clouds without these tiny particles we would not have any clouds in our atmosphere so it would never rain. earth would be a completely different planet to see if the hot ticket spent ten full droplets on not that we use this machine and the cloud machine here that you know should make here are some of making our own cloud in here so it's very important floss to understand politics clouds formed before the industrial revolution before humankind actually started burning fossil fuels in large amounts. because it makes

a big difference for our climate for the clouds and for the hydrological cycle in general. climate change models a generally better at predicting variations in temperature rather than precipitation let's hope the data from this experiment will mean that. as the ship continues east we come across more c.r.s. . without crunching our wife through the arts because. well across the sea ice flies i want to drop a camera down to say can have a look at the balance doing down there is really quite remarkable. luckily for us anyway the balance of this twelve thousand ton ice breaker rides up all over the ice for i'm showing there as well that. the power from the chamber through the sea ice. ok comes another enormous chunk

let's see how this what if is under the boughs of the academy they called pushed out of the so i. the next opposite one of the smallest islands on this leg of the voyage just five football pitches inside scott on and is washed over by why. and in stormy conditions at sixty seven only by helicopter. its two winds whip for seabirds tánaiste that lie can and must to grow in the correct volcanic rocks. and hopefully with the mostest oil we're going to find interesting that you just not hear of how the animals of coke three not many i guess climate change the past which most natural

but also how they my belief in it definitely you know facing the future. before we can be flown off the island back to the ship there's a sudden change in the winter. helicopters clearly being grounded on the ship they are not able to return to the island to take us out and we have enough equipment with us now ten ten and rations for four days inside it is a great concern there but it does start you thinking about how you could possibly survive on an island like this so revived inside wrist well. fortunately the way the lifts just long enough to fly us off the island and was saved to me the having to find out. back on the ship the samples are dried it's hoped any living things will drop out of this like it has also examined

and within it there's a discovery smaller than a pinhead this is the first time this tiny might has been found here similar mites have been found in other parts of the continent but it's likely that this is a new species something a new d.n.a. tests after the expedition can confirm the landscape is incredibly old so you know probably started off one hundred eighty million years ago would have been a tropical rainforest and it's now looks like it does both sides and so these are some of the few things that are probably managed to hang on that long and so now there are some of the most successful organisms that live here. where. the teams meet to discuss their next move from satellite images it appears the next island on the route peter the first is surrounded by sea ice this will make a visit difficult. instead some of the scientists call for the voyage to divert

they've spotted clear water around a coastal area which is normally docked in sea ice it's a rare opportunity for them to attempt to visit. the ship's course is changed and we arrive at mt siple it's one of the continent's tallest and most isolated volcanoes rising more than three thousand meters from the sea. we scout the area and find a large number of a daily penguins. but it certainly comes so untouched good to see them in their natural environment see what an extraordinary and the more they are just now incredibly. living in. the. balance and then mystic on the top. of the time we return to the ship that's late in the evening. but at this time of

year at such high latitudes it doesn't get dark. instead there is a long and spectacular sunset. the following morning we fly back from outside port. listen one percent of antarctica is ice free making a place like this prime real estate and listing. many of the chicks have been left to fend for themselves while their parents go to sea to catch currall the pinkish color of the shrimp like food often ending up staining their front us as far as we know scientists have never visited this colony before so the group we're with wants and i how large it is and whether there's any other species living here we have behind me a whole lot of adelie paying going on is going to turn around here say this chap here he is looking a bit odd because he's losing his baby feel this is just

a few months old isn't safe he's very friendly. when the parents return they're much in demand sometimes from their own offspring but frequently from other hungry birds hoping for a feed it's late in the season and many are exercising their wings and preparation to leave. nothing about the other three birds as they give you this sort of canary in the cold while indication as to what's happening in the third iteration and this is the thing if you can told me it's big. this colony appears to be thriving but on the antarctic peninsula to the east of here it's a different story. the area is warming faster than any other place on the planet and colonies of our daily penguins like these have been abandoning their nesting sites and moving south perhaps in search of colder locations certainly up sitting

many hundreds if not thousands of years of breeding behavior. over the previous weeks we've been to some extraordinary places and seen dramatic evidence of climate change it's change many of the scientists feel should be ringing alarm bells in the rest of the world. in the same way that the antarctic sea ice is actually changing in terms of its distribution pattern the sea is warming off the antarctic peninsula the glaciers are retreating out thick sea ice is at its lowest yet known these are all indications that the world as a whole is warming and that we need to be concerned about the future we certainly know enough to say we need to act now we should act yes but a figurative speaking there's not much time. to act into the future i think. where we're very clear about this. we come back with that of

knowledge we still have some work to do we're already kind of learning new. experiments new it's additions to try and really understand what you see. the expedition is collected tens of thousands of samples and millions of megabytes of data. for these scientists who will return to their nabs around the world these years of work here. we're just scratching the surface to understand how antarctica is the southern border so significant when it comes to the broader issues of climate change and and really when the earth is going to go where our climate is going to go in the years ahead. the scientific findings made on this forward will add weight to what's now overwhelming proof that our planet is warming and that climate change is

posing a serious threat to the sustainability of law. the evidence is clearer than ever what's needed now is for people everywhere to accept the science engage with the problem and take a. daring road trip across west africa on a mission to redefine a continent too often misrepresented. the weapon of choice digital cameras. it was sold one of the new regard for dug up

a new takes on the rainy season on its quest for the public even as story of creative government of the invisible war this this time on al-jazeera. if you. like these it'll be a right thing. like . five. shopping failed to. see if you like kids. that's what we're talking about the very last about shooting people are not enough pressure to present themselves and their other countries have managed to solve this problem but you worry that this conflict could erupt into an outright open war that the city's general security issue will the people who pay the price

clearly there writeup unprejudiced setting the stage for a serious debate up front at this time on al-jazeera. overthrown and exiled they appoint say for all this race which he knew an intimate film about the struggle of the elected leader of madagascar to return to his country and reinstate his presidency you know that was the crucial and we will not negotiate thanks. to all the interesting things return of a president at this time on al-jazeera. president thomas former national security advisor guilty to lying to the f.