this siege by violent crime and drugs. confronted by reese's and integration. i am outta syria traces the history of france generation lebanese australians. exploring the conflicts. and the struggle for except. once upon a time in punchbowl and this time on al jazeera. we al jazeera is on the ground in southern africa identifying the crucially important stories for the body and so that's incredibly. and i'm nic luck into all the top stories here on out zero a protest underway against the u.s.

president's decision to recognize jerusalem as the capital of israel there were chaotic scenes as israel security forces try to control large crowds and even friday prayers will be hours and most part of it occupied east jerusalem several people were forced out of the area the outrage over donald trump's decision to move the u.s. embassy from tel aviv to jerusalem isn't died down since in oxford last week was widely condemned with islamic leaders instead of carrying jerusalem as a couple of palestine are forces outside damascus gate where some of the pushing and shoving has been happening israeli forces have been trying to prevent a repeat of the protests that took place after friday prayers here in the square outside damascus gate last week they've barricaded it off there was a group of largely middle aged and some elderly women in the night chanting for some time they're now being forcefully cleared from gaza city alan fischer has this update on the protests. well the leader of hamas on thursday called for a million man march in gaza this is solid team st it stretches forty five

kilometers from the north to the south that is essentially the spine of the gaza strip and their call was for everyone in their towns and villages just to gather on saladin street to assure their anger at the decision of the united states to declare jerusalem the capital of israel and they believe that once it was looked at its entirety it would sure that the people of gaza were very much opposed to what the united states was doing now here in gaza what we're seeing is factions political parties movements which for years have been divided on some key issues are all together here in the crowd and not only that on the stage behind me the leaders of those parties factions in movements have linked arms and are standing together to show solidarity on this mean issue there's no one in this crowd here believes that by coming out onto the streets donald trump if he sees it on t.v. will suddenly decide to reverse is the session this is aimed outside the borders this is about putting pressure on other arab and islamic countries to make sure

that they continue to resist what donald trump is doing and perhaps come up with an alternative peace by my parents just in the last day or so that the belgians and the french are looking at something that they can present as an alternative to the plan that the americans are working on at the moment but certainly across gaza we're seeing time now it's like this where people have come out to express their anger at donald trump's decision. european leaders have finalized the first stage of bricks and go see a sions in brussels they say enough progress has been made to move on to the next phase of the great surprises for despite success in brussels british prime minister to resign may suffer a defeat in london's parliament on wednesday m.p.'s backed an amendment guaranteeing them a vote on the final braces deal. a russian call to sentenced a former economy minister to eight years in prison alexy you by kind of has been found guilty of corruption he was charged with accepting a two million dollars bribe to the polls communist party is claiming

a landslide victory in the country's general elections supporters waved red flags on the streets of katmandu as the left alliance announced taking one hundred thirteen of the total of one hundred sixty five parliament seats you know please government says it will maintain relations with china and india the call for less micromanagement from new delhi campaign is ended in the second round of chile's presidential election voters will head to the polls on sunday to elect a successor to the president michelle bachelet and it appears richie man race choosing between the right wing businessman and former president sebastian pinera in the form of genocide on the road. commission in australia has called on the catholic church to change its rules on celibacy and confessionals also finding that the children were abused royal commission has delivered its final report into its five year investigation looked at abuses at institutions and schools.

zimbabwe's reading policies to finalize robert mugabe's removal as the country's president at a meeting in harare and you leader i'm assuming that guy is expected to be confirmed as a candidate for next year's election when a guy who was inaugurated last month after the military seized power all right you're up to date with the headlines here and i just they're coming up next it is wars for. we bought the house about c. years ago hoping that we would be able to retire here but from here you could see how much sand we've lost underneath the house. the world is running out of sand consumed by industry and construction stolen and transported by criminal

mafias around the world at the time it has been employed we don't all get up at what a great job to do i lived in la i'm not exactly. washed away by rising sea levels. being in the middle of the indian ocean for the last five thousand it's become just . lost to human greed and stupidity. when we use that sand that mean we loose. our life. we've never needed so much sand so badly with beaches and entire islands already disappearing who will live in the sand worse. for most of us san makes us think of days at the beach sand castles and sunshine and once the holidays are over we slip back into our busy lives. but is

feeling the sand between our toes or caught in our bathing suits the whole story. does this so familiar substance played any other role in our daily lives. standard is what i like to call the unsung heroes of our lives because there are just endless examples. of the way in which sarah and intersects with daily lloyd's which we all really know commonly aware of. sand has quietly infiltrated every corner of our world melted and transformed into glass it sits on every shelf. it's also the source of silicone dioxide. a mineral found in our winds cleaning products detergents paper dehydrated foods hairspray toothpaste cosmetics. and an astounding variety of other products we use every day. but it's a strategic mended such as. you. think about your computer.

you know and it can be manufactured if you do not have high quality said. the minerals extracted from sand are at the core of our hyper connected society they form a basic material for microchips without which our computers credit cards bank machine cell phones and many other devices would not exist. sand even helps us fly in our airplanes the plastics lightweight alloys of the fuselage. it's almost become like a the air we breathe we don't think too much about it but you can't live without it . and the industry with the biggest appetite for sand. construction. for the last one hundred fifty years sand mixed with cement to form concrete has shaped the contours of our increasingly urbanized world.

because of its low cost strength and ease of use this gray slurry has become the dominant building material around the globe. the quantities used are astronomical. to build an average house it takes two hundred tons of sand. for a larger building like a hospital around three thousand tons. each kilometer of highway devours thirty thousand tons. and to build a nuclear plant the estimate is about twelve million tonnes. production of sand exceeds fifteen billion tons. and that is a. so huge that is beyond imagination how much is fifteen billion you don't know

because no one. is used in such vast quantities. maybe with the exception of water. so where in the world does that much sand come from. let's just say the seven men who work in the aggregate business have not been affected by the economic downturn. behind air and water sand is the most used commodity in the world. business is booming but meeting this demand is not always an easy task sand is not something that's easily found like you might think it is used to be that you'd have a sand and gravel deposit and you'd simply go and dig it up out of the ground so you'd have sand to make your roads bridges and buildings up but that type material

is all been taken away it's gone to be used it already. with the positives of surface sand exhausted we started dredging rivers for sand but this is lead to flooding. now we've turned to the oceans for sand. to satisfy our seemingly insatiable appetite for sand we've industrialized extracting it from beneath the waves. and the workhorse of the industry is a dredger. a giant tanker equipped with a suction arm capable of pumping huge quantities of sand to the surface. the right bessel in the right location can pump up to four hundred thousand cubic metres of sand to the surface every single day. each dredger cost anywhere from twenty five million to two hundred million dollars. but the sand is free.

so the thousands of tankers combing the world's oceans at every incentive to suck up as much sand as possible for their increasingly hungry clients. an astonishing example of this. within a few decades this fishing village has morphed into a. grandiose. projects. of sand. of sand and construction projects concrete and. making land. with the official reconstructed island. landfills or even bigger consumers of sand.

with a booming economy the emirate launched an ambitious expansion project. after the year two thousand with the price of real estate soaring as a result of speculation developers bet that it would be cheaper to make land than to buy it. with the world cost over twelve billion dollars and more than one hundred fifty million tons of sand. with the still under construction flying high in the seemingly endless supply of money and embarked on an even more extravagant project. the world. the world is an island paradise would run president had opportunity can be found it is almost as resort official archipelago of three hundred islands designed as a map of the world absorbed fourteen billion dollars and three times as much sand

as the palm. the world. a place beyond imagination. today the world is a mirage the work site has been abandoned since the onset of the financial crisis in two thousand and eight. deserted island is now parked in the sun awaiting the uncertain day when millionaire buyers will again descend on to buy and restore its glory. to kill the corporation managing the palm in the world the crisis is more than financial overdevelopment is totally liquidated by his natural sand resources and you think we'll find of course dubai is on the edge of the doesn't they've got old asylum they need like all the gulf states dubai has sand everywhere so why doesn't the emirates simply help itself to the desert. does it say and is the wrong color end of sand for building a lot of fishel islands why because deserts and all the grains have been blown

around by the wind and is typically very round a very smooth if you want to use it to build an island they don't stick together you need sand that that is more angular rougher rougher age say that naturally sticks together. see sand is perfect for island building and construction but it's in limited supply sand is not a sustainable resource. although its own stocks are exhausted dubai is far from given up. the burj khalifa at the time of construction the world's tallest building was built with sand from half a world away. we have a saying in english which is selling sand to the arabs which is obviously a joke but seems that that's actually come true in the case of the by. thirty five

hundred australian companies exports into the arabian peninsula their profits have tripled in twenty years accounting for a five billion dollar jackpot. and australia is just one small part of a global trend that reliance on importing sand from other areas you see is this huge trade around the world moving from one another for different purposes such construction and land reclamation. singapore is another city at the heart of the sand wars. and thirty years the country known as the switzerland of asia has become one of the richest in the region during this time the population has more than doubled and the sixty three islands that make up this city state are bursting at the seams singapore is sort of lying on the import. saddened for its very existence and the land mass is literally increased twenty percent over the last forty is and that's largely been recognition so literally pouring sound into

the sea to create new land. singapore is already transformed one hundred thirty square kilometers of water into land and is planning to add another one hundred square kilometers by twenty thirty. having devoured all its own reserves its for ratios appetite is targeted at its neighbor supplies. one after another cambodia. malaysia and indonesia have each decided to ban trade with singapore but its addiction to sand is not easy to restrain. singapore is being accused of expanding its coast and illegally dredged satins from neighboring states. suspicions of sand trafficking hang over singapore and the dozens of barges told in the broome which imo daily and it's important prove that the city state has found an alternative source but where does the saying come from.

tommy guns beer. guns are. you going to hear very every day every week. this what is the show so. i'm going to. sit in. your english a. little. north korean television go back to your city of nice example. thanks to local traffic and networks singapore and dealers with false identities working for fictional companies continue to find supplies of sand in neighboring countries. but the other come. but in the same system. which i think is it just that was the best ways of putting this is this is. to take you. to flaunt the law

with the tacit support of the government the most loyal client. the sun trading singapore's he usually have a political is a massive of ours were concerned it's just a is build a. leader in the region particularly with. global sun that but their companies will brain imports of that country and should be its human rights violations environmental degradation. local people. the effects of underwater dredging are far from benign. much of the ocean floors rocky are covered with only a thin layer of sand. built up over tens or even hundreds of thousands of years. as you dredged up a set. of course all the the any walls and. on the sea floor they will all

be dredged up as well and therefore whatever they think they will just. sand is the primary link in the underwater food chain remove it and the survival of all species from the smallest to the largest just threatened. like many archipelagos many of indonesia's islands are literally made of sand and intense dredging has triggered a series of chain reactions. ninety two percent in the nation's fiscal challenges are down from attention of the city because. this when this coral reef we lost fish. livelihood. everything loss of fish habitat directly endangers the survival of thousands of indonesian families but that's only the first of sand dredging to adverse effects. if you have an oil

made of sand it's only there because of conspiracy of natural processes wind waves water currents time of year and so if you start removing that and then you've upset the balance of the conspiracy and waves and currents will then start to move the rest of the sail. after the extraction of sand a combination of waves currents and gravity slowly fill in the back you. so the removal of underwater sand can have a very noticeable effect on nearby beaches and islands. and so by a combination of the natural growth this is and human excavation. the island can literally disappear. one of the most stunning and pax of the trade was the disappearance of some of the islands off the coast of indonesia which have literally vanished when we use that sand that we lose

our life. once an island disappears the international maritime boundary changes or is required to these become geopolitical issues as well as simply commercial and resource issues. twenty five indonesian islands have already disappeared. like coal and gas sand is now on the frontline of the world's hunger for raw materials. scarcity in dangerous local communities and so it's governments against each other. as demand builds the circle only becomes more vicious. morocco's gentle climate has.