i want to cover the world in darkness is a dialogue and that could be what leading to some of the confusion online about people saying they don't actually know what's going on and join the colobus conversation at this time on al-jazeera. abandoned by the state social collectives are occupying space a speech among the people a military text working on the edge of the room. in the first episode to take some of the adults you can just see you know into the realm of building in the thing. you really can't say at this time on al-jazeera.

and i again i'm laura kyle and these are the top stories on al-jazeera u.s. president donald trump has threatened to cut off financial aid to countries that vote in favor of a draft u.n. resolution against his decision to recognize jerusalem as israel's capital the general assembly will hold a rare emergency specials that later on thursday at the request of arab and muslim countries like hanna reports. security council staff pose with the secretary general for an annual photograph is called then it's business as usual in the chamber like most other member states those represented here unwilling to comment publicly on the extraordinary letters sent by u.s. ambassador nikki haley ambassador did you receive the letter from hillary about the years many letters and the majority view apparently summed up by one representative who was willing to comment on our position in this case has been very clear we had the opportunity to express ourselves in the security council so so that's our very

strong and prince principled position sweden was one of the fourteen council members who voted in favor of the jerusalem resolution monday the veto by the us is accompanied by an angry statement from the about. what we witnessed here today in the security council is an insult it won't be forgotten what some would regard as a thinly veiled threat driven home in a letter circulated to all member states regarding the photo taken place in the general assembly thursday as you consider your vote the ambassador writes i want you to know that the president and the u.s. take this vote personally she continues the president will be watching this vote carefully and has requested i report back on those countries who voted against us president trump made clear what the possible consequences could be they take hundreds of millions of dollars and even billions of dollars and then they vote against us while we're watching those votes let them vote against us will save

a lot we don't care. but privately many un members are outraged at the looters bullying and threatening tone and what was to be a vote condemning attempts to unilaterally change the status of jerusalem may gain even added significance in november more than one hundred fifty nations voted in favor of a resolution declaring all israeli actions in jerusalem as now and void as it was an occupying power a similar result to the general assembly thursday would also be a sweeping international rejection of president trump and his policies mike hanna al-jazeera united nations. controlled congress are celebrating america's biggest tax reform bill in thirty years the controversial legislation means big cuts to corporate tax rates critics say it will mainly benefit the wealthy at the expense of ordinary americans the new head of south africa's ruling a.n.c.

has promised to pursue what he calls logical economic transformation and his first address as party leader so around posers why they expect to become president after elections in two thousand and nineteen south korea's supreme court has acquitted the woman at the center of the so-called rage incident onboard a korean airplane three years ago was cleared on charges of violating aviation security law she was an executive with the airline when she abused a flight attendant for serving knots in a bag rather than on a place another north korean soldier has defected to the south the fourth this year the government in seoul says he crossed the demilitarized zone which was covered in thick fog and south korean soldiers later fired warning shots at troops in the north korea's president has rejected calls for his resignation and a televised address had republican since he is facing a congressional vote that could remove him from office over corruption allegations he's accused of having business ties with a construction company at the center of

a major bribery and corruption scandal. but in spain they're being caring up for a holiday tradition buying tickets for the annual christmas tree known as el gordo or the fat one the draw is set for friday more than two billion dollars a page out across the country to dozens of windows as all the headlines more news on al-jazeera and ones. we bought the house about two years ago hoping that we would be able to retire here but from here you could see how much sand we've lost underneath the house. the world is running out of sand consumed by industry and construction stolen and

transported by criminal mafias around the world. have become what we did was good i got to try to do i like the law i'm not exactly. washed away by rising sea levels. being in the middle of the indian ocean for the last five thousand units become just. lost to human greed and stupidity. when we use that when we loose. our life. we've never needed so much sand so badly with beaches and entire islands already disappearing who would send us. for most of us san makes us think of days at the beach sand castles and sunshine and once the holidays are over we slip back into our busy lives. but is

feeling the sand between our toes or caught in our bathing suits the whole story. does this so familiar substance play any other role in our daily lives. sanda is what i like to call an unsung hero. it's because there are just endless examples. of the way in which sarah and intersects with daily lloyd's which we really. commonly aware of. sand has quietly infiltrated every corner of our world melted and transformed into glass it sits on every shelf. it's also the source of silicone dioxide. a mineral found in our wines cleaning products detergents paper dehydrated foods hairspray toothpaste cosmetics. and an astounding variety of other products we use every day. but it's

a strategic mended such as. you. think about you. know and it can be manufactured if you do not have high quality said. the minerals extracted from sand are at the core of our hyper connected society they form a basic material for microchips without which our computers credit cards bank machine cell phones and many other devices would not exist. sand even helps a supply in our airplanes the plastics lightweight alloys of the fuselage and jet engines even the paint and tires are all made with sand. it's almost become like a the a we don't think too much about it but you can't live without it. and the industry with the biggest appetite for sand. construction. for the last one

hundred fifty years sand mixed with cement to form concrete has shaped the contours of our increasingly urbanized world. because of its low cost strength and ease of use disgrace larry has become the dominant building material around the globe. the quantities used are astronomical. to build an average house it takes two hundred tons of sand. for a larger building like a hospital around three thousand tons. each kilometer of highway devours thirty thousand tons. and to build a nuclear plant the estimate is about twelve million tonnes.

production of sand exceeds fifteen billion tons. and that is a quantity that is so huge that it's beyond imagination how much is fifteen billion you don't know because no one. is used in such vast quantities as maybe with the exception of water. so where in the world does that much sand come from. let's just say the seven men who work in the aggregate business have not been affected by the economic downturn. behind air and water sand is the most used commodity in the world. business is booming but meeting this demand is not always an easy task sand is not something that's easily found like you might think it is used to be that you'd have

a sandy gravel deposit and you'd simply go and dig it up out of the ground so you'd have sand to make your roads bridges and buildings up but that type material has all been taken away it's gone to be used it already. with the positives of surface and exhausted we started dredging rivers for sand but this is lead to flooding. now we've turned to the oceans for sand. to satisfy our seemingly insatiable appetite for sand we've industrialized extracting it from beneath the waves. and the workhorse of the industry is a dredger. a giant tanker equipped with a suction arm capable of pumping huge quantities of sand to the surface. the right bessel in the right location can pump up to four hundred thousand cubic

metres of sand to the surface every single day. each dredger cost anywhere from twenty five million to two hundred million dollars. but the sand is free. so the thousands of tankers combing the world's oceans have every incentive to suck up as much sand as possible for their increasingly hungry clients. an astonishing example of this appetite within a few decades this fishing village has morphed into a modern architecture is a sandbox for developers were no fantasies to grandiose. projects. of sand and huge volumes of sand and construction projects concrete and indeed just making more land has been doing with the with the artificially constructed islands

. landfills or even bigger consumers of sand the concrete. with a booming economy the emirate launched an ambitious expansion project. after the year two thousand with the price of real estate soaring as a result of speculation developers bet that it would be cheaper to make land than to buy it. the self-proclaimed eighth wonder of the world cost over twelve billion dollars and devoured more than one hundred fifty million tons of sand dredge from dubai's coastline. with the giant palm still under construction to by flying high in the seemingly endless supply of money and sand embarked on an even more extravagant project the world. the world is an island paradise would run president had opportunity can be found it is

almost as resort official archipelago of three hundred islands designed as a map of the world absorbed fourteen billion dollars and three times as much sand as the palm. the. a place to magination. today the world is a mirage the work site has been abandoned since the onset of the financial crisis in two thousand and eight. deserted island is now parked in the sun awaiting the uncertain day when millionaire buyers will again descend on to buy and restore its glory. to kill the corporation managing the palm in the world the crisis is more than financial overdevelopment is totally liquidated by his natural sand resources and you think we'll find of course dubai is on the edge of the desert they've got old asylum they need like all the gulf states dubai has sand everywhere so why doesn't the emirates simply help itself to the desert. desert sand is the

wrong color end of sand for building a lot of fishel islands why because deserts and all the grains have been blown around by the wind and is typically very round and very smooth if you want to use it to build an island they don't stick together you need sand that that is more angular rougher rougher age say that naturally sticks together. see sand is perfect for island building and construction but it's in limited supply sand is not a sustainable resource. although its own stocks are exhausted dubai is far from given up. the burj khalifa at the time of construction the world's tallest building was built with sand from half a world away. we have

a saying in english which is selling sand to the arabs which is obviously. seems that that's actually come true in the case of the by. thirty five hundred australian companies exports into the arabian peninsula their profits of tripled in twenty years accounting for a five billion dollar jackpot. and australia is just one small part of a global trend that reliant on importing sand from other areas and so what you see is this huge trade around the world moving from one another for different purposes such as construction and land reclamation. singapore is another city at the heart of the sand wars. in thirty years the country known as the switzerland of asia has become one of the richest in the region during this time the population has more than doubled and the sixty three islands that make up the city state are bursting at the seams singapore is sort of lying on the import. saddened for its

very existence and the land masses literally increased twenty percent over the last forty is and that's largely been reckon nation so literally pouring sound into the sea to create new land. singapore is already transformed one hundred thirty square kilometers of water into land and is planning to add another one hundred square kilometers by twenty thirty. having devoured all its own reserves its for ratios appetite is targeted at its neighbor supplies. one after another cambodia. malaysia and indonesia have each decided to ban trade with singapore but its addiction to sand is not easy to restrain. singapore is being accused of expanding its coast and illegally dredged satins from neighboring states. suspicions of sand trafficking hang over singapore and the dozens of barges filled to the brim which unload daily and it's important to prove that the city state has found an

alternative source but where does the saying come from. tommy guns here. just. when you come here very every day every week. this is what is driving the visuals so don't come put it. in. your individual. little. north korean television wors or your. thanks to local traffic and networks singapore and dealers with false identities working for fictional companies continue to find supplies of sand in neighboring countries.

but the other come. but in the same system. that it is it just it was invisible. but this is the distaste. for. the law with the tacit support of the government their most loyal client. the sun trading singapore's he usually have a political as the mass of the baucus is ours we're concerned it's just a is building. leader in the region particularly with the last global sun that's but their companies will brain imports of that country and should be its human rights violations environmental degradation and damage the livelihoods of local people. the effects of underwater dredging are far from but. much of the ocean floor is rocky or covered with only a thin layer of sand. built up over tens or even hundreds of thousands of years.

as you dredged up a set. of course all of the the any walls and. on the sea floor they will all be dredged up as well and therefore whatever they think they will just. sand is the primary link in the underwater food chain remove it and the survival of all species from the smallest to the largest just threatened. like many archipelagos many of indonesia's islands are literally made of sand and intense dredging has triggered a series of chain reactions. ninety two percent in the nation's fiscal challenges come from the tension of the city because. this when this coral reef we lost fish. livelihood. everything loss of

fish habitat directly endangers the survival of thousands of indonesian families but that's only the first of sand dredging to adverse effects. if you have an oil made of sand it's only there because of conspiracy of natural processes wind waves water currents time of year and so if you start removing that. then you've upset the balance of the conspiracy and waves and currents will then start to move the rest of the sand. after the extraction of sand a combination of waves currents and gravity slowly fill in the back you. so the removal of underwater sand can have a very noticeable effect on nearby beaches and islands. and so by a combination of natural growth this is and human excavation. the oil and literally disappear. one of the most stunning impacts of the sand trade was the disappearance

of some of the islands off the coast of indonesia which have literally vanished when we lose that sand that we lose. our life. once an island disappears the international maritime boundary changes all is required these become geopolitical issues as well as simply commercial and resource issues. twenty five indonesian islands have already disappeared. like coal and gas sand is now on the frontline of the world's hunger for raw materials. scarcity and dangers local communities and sets governments against each other. as demand builds the circle only becomes more vicious.

morocco's gentle climate has been welcoming tourists for years. but its famous beaches have also been attracting some strange four legged visitors a constant stream of men and donkeys descend on the beaches seven days a week. in search of. sand. the men in the donkeys have taken so much sand that some beaches now look like the surface of the moon. rock has been experiencing a construction boom spurred on by a competitive real estate market. the builders are happy but they need plenty of sand legal and otherwise. then you know what i do about it i wrote back i wrote back i have i don't want to

give you. all you know that i'm not going to bend an addendum going to not wonder how you could have been acquitted oh well coming up to you had no love no my love my double got nothing. by that i mean i got them help oh yeah. look i do one thing yes i did was really i do what you guys write with their day but didn't come but you're mad you're not going out your head not them have them come we don't want but i'm not going to go to create a video i like them i like them lap it's estimated that forty to forty five percent of the sand used in construction in morocco has been stolen mostly from its beaches . loaded onto trucks the sand is sold directly to unscrupulous developers but that's not where the problem ends. without proper treatment salty beach sand mixed with cement is highly corrosive

make america's new buildings ticking time bombs in danger of collapse. ironically the beach is meant to lure the tourists are being stripped bare to build hotels and condos that may turn out to be death traps. and home lavey enjoy. the position of being the financial capital of the country andrea also have a huge housing boom construction boom that's because of the influx of so many new people into the city. with the indian economy booming construction has to keep pace and like in so many other battlegrounds of the sand wars easy profits lead to

corrupt practices. the value of sand is such that it's a commercial commodity that is smuggled i mean the it's a big business is smuggling the fam. sand mafia is the most powerful criminal organization in india. and a lot of the people in the whole. of the sand mafia controls a lot of the construction the construction materials businesses in bombay as well as the constructions themselves in addition to that they also control the administration through their political contacts so that just completes the whole value chain right from the extraction to construction the the profits in each bottle fed the administration and the police. under the eyes of corrupt authorities the sand ply their trade in broad daylight and more than eight thousand

dredging sites scattered across the coasts and river banks of the subcontinent. for the mafia's beaches are easy prey because the sand is literally within arm's reach so they had even the most popular tourist sites the places where you expect to stretch out on the beach and worship the sun. the tentacles of the mafia's however are just adding to the pressures facing the world speeches. just two years ago there was a row of houses here. about i think about eight houses from about here all the way down to the condo and those houses there on the water the shoreline with going right past them so they ended up taking them out of these houses here with her on

the b. front were row number two and i thought the fact that these houses won't be here in five year. with bought the house about she years ago hoping that we would be able to retire here. but from here you can see how much sand we've lost underneath the house. because it was up to level with the cement but of course it went out into the ocean. so. the beach area was about the length of a football field and over the last two years the a scart mint is underneath the houses so. the erosion on this part of the beach is much quicker than we anticipated or that is deemed to normal.

globally between seventy five and ninety percent of beaches are actually undergoing some sort of retreat and that's only going to get worse. under certain areas scarred. a bunker shuttered monument towards destructor powers . there's a move the ruins the defiance to resist. consume horse who fire. power investigates all this suburb of damascus refuse to crumble under the might of our side it's only. part two of this time.

with him free. forced to flee from syria to lebanon many refugee mothers risked childbirth in terrible conditions delivery is very difficult here in lebanon it's ghostly i can't go back to syria now because of the war but one lebanese woman is committed to helping them. become friends with everyone i turn around. she is important to me. there are a few g.'s midwife at this time on al-jazeera world.

there america and i have to remind you of the top stories on al-jazeera as president donald trump are stressing to cut off financial aid to countries that vote in favor of a draft united nations resolution opposing his decision to recognize jerusalem as israel's capital the body will hold a special session on thursday at the request of arab and muslim countries. the white house and the republican controlled congress are celebrating america's biggest tax reform bill in thirty years the controversial legislation means big cuts to corporate tax rates or many benefit the wealthy at the expense of ordinary americans the new head of south africa's willing a.n.c. has promised to pursue what he calls vatican economic transformation and his first address as party leader so around opposers white expects to become president after elections in two thousand and nineteen. the people of that country want. that lived up to its promise. this through to its mission. they

want in a year and see that lives the fair use to spouses and hold fast to the principles that have defined it as the movement of people they wanted a year and see that use this public office not just vested interests but truly developmental state. south korea supreme court as a question the woman at the center of the so-called not rage incident on board a korean ad plane three years ago was cleared on charges of violating aviation security law she was an executive with the airline when she abused a flight attendant for seven knots in a bag rather than on a plate another north korean soldier has defected to the south the fourth this year the government in seoul says he crossed the demilitarized zone which is covered in thick fog south korean soldiers later fired warning shots of troops in the north

korea's president has rejected calls for his resignation in a televised address publications is facing a congressional vote on thursday that could remove him from office corruption allegations he's accused of having business ties with a construction company at the center of a bribery and corruption scandal. headlines more news on al-jazeera but now let's get you back to sound was. the world is running out of sand consumed by industry and construction stolen and transported by criminal markets around the world. behind air and water say and is the most used commodity in the world. where humans have intervened and we've built structures

a wall concrete seawall a highway a hotel a parking lot the beach can't move back and we see long term beach lost. as part of the natural cycle beaches adjust to seasonal changes and summer beaches grow thicker and in winter they recede to level off to better absorb the energy of the waves to survive the ocean salt beaches must have enough space behind them but we've built too close to the shore so with nowhere to go beaches are overcome by the waves which carry their sand out to sea. if you have an eroding beach what is the problem. not the symptom the sim symptom is the beaches eroding but what is the problem. what's causing it so.

we're drawn to coastlines today three quarters of the largest cities in the world population are on a coast population are on the coast as the population growth accelerates. increasing density by twenty twenty five three quarters of the world's inhabitants will live near the ocean and those thin ribbons of sand which surround the continents are feeling the pressure. of the water and i hope that we learn from that but now we're here. and we have to figure out how to make projects. and that's what brings tourists. in florida nine out of ten beaches are in the process of disappearing along with the future livelihood of all those who depend on this economic engine.

each year of the planet's tourists head for the beach beaches feed the hotel industry as well as recreation transportation food services and a multitude of other sectors in some areas almost half the g.d.p. depends directly on beaches. letting them disappear is out of the question. so what we're trying to do is try to mitigate those problems try to lessen the impact and that's why we have to take these unnatural acts. to the beaches. to keep their beaches viable cities that can afford to invest. in beach replenishment. of sand from the ocean floor and to the beach. some people see this is a solution. others see it as a band-aid which only treats the symptoms. they've got to put up the beach and say this is beach nourishment but it's just another hole. those big machines that when

they go take this there in killing everything within that sand is ground up put into a pipe crust moved and then it comes out and pumped for the life forms in that part of the beach aren't prepared to be buried alive and suffocated it's a killing process for the sake of dollars. replenishment is a temporary remedy after a year to the sand has been washed out to sea and the whole process must be started again from scratch nonetheless this method is highly popular to the delight of the dredging companies it's a matter of big money big big influence green it's not a pleasant thing the thing you see this beautiful beach but behind it is something that's not so pleasant. in a desperate maneuver to try to trap the sand on the beaches coastal engineers are

advocating the construction of dikes breakwaters and all sorts of other structures . but sand cannot be so easily tamed. the constant movement of sand is not necessarily always cooperating with the way we want the place to be it will fill up. and all it will wash away from beaches where we like tourists to come and so that balance is something that we all dramatically changing just by building on. all by building a sea wall around the extends out from the beach we build a wall to to contain sand to keep it on our beach what do we do we stop the sand from supplying the neighbor's beach. the tragedy is that people are just not aware they're not aware that an action here is going to have a reaction somewhere else so we all have to be very careful when it comes to

redeveloping the coastline we have a responsibility because we don't want these great wonderful treasures that we want to share with our children to disappear because of greed because of irresponsibility. and because of just not dan paying attention. in order to avert further catastrophe it's important to understand the source of ninety percent of the world see sand often a long way from the beaches. for the most part it starts in iraq somewhere that breaks down it might be in a river from ice or snow or rainfall and is that grain comes out of the granite or the sandstone it just gets into a small stream and then a larger river and in a normal world ultimately will work its way all the way to the shoreline.

it takes thousands or even millions of years for a grain of sand to reach the sea and it's a journey full of pitfalls. in america we have been building one dam every day since the dec relation of independence and seven hundred seventy six one a day. eighty thousand dams block the rivers of the united states in china where the demand for energy is exploding dams are popping up everywhere so that by two thousand and twenty not a single waterway will reach the sea. and in the rest of the world there are at least eight hundred forty five thousand dams and it's not only water they're holding back so all that sand that should be at the beach is behind the dance.

one quarter of the sand reserves of the planet are hostile to these dams and the sand that makes it beyond the dams will run into another trapped river dredger. although it's regulated in many countries it's still a widespread practice especially in countries where legislation this week the result about fifty percent a percentage of nurse the world's beaches will never reach the sea. the coastline like many other environments it's like the earth was always thought so big so vast that we couldn't have an impact on it we built a dam for water or electricity which is a good thing but downstream there's no more sand so somehow we have to figure out

how to bring all those things back into balance by taking some conscious steps to try to reduce the impacts of those things we're doing as a civilization. is coming. to you. on the. ground after green beach is slowly erode victims of decades of human interference. if you add the rising level. you get an ecological time bomb. the sea rise it's just going to happen a lot more quickly without saying. but it's not going to stop there it's going to take out hit all half of manhattan and it's going to this could take our cities as

well it's going. keep coming. the sand is our barricade and we have to understand that. in the middle of the indian ocean sand is a matter of life and death. of the sand divers have been collecting call sand from the lagoon for years and selling its developers. but with sea levels rising this sand harvesting is leading to some serious problems. sand is a very ambitious commodity in the maldives because this one millimeter of the ocean touching you constantly every minute every second every day every year is such

a false and it is eat. or you don't deny. the mall deaves our road at an alarming rate residents do what they can to protect their homes but many beaches are little more the memories. really not god and i'd get all of them are sick in a demonic in the home and nobody did it come up was done deal with the law one none of difficulty down the dictaphone line number tunnel vision i got in the ottoman make a name on a slip of the hog a got the log it didn't have a moment only kind of money but unless of unite in the going to come of it in. several hundred islands have already been evacuated and today the refugees crowd on to larger and better protected islands such a small way the capital. already overcrowded new houses are being crammed together . but in another better irony of the sand wars new.

construction require ever more sand. we have been in the middle of the indian ocean for the last five thousand units we have written history that goes but. we can't just. far from the mel deaves beautiful threatened beaches. greed and speculation drive the global markets for sand and show no signs of slowing down. bombay is not an isolated case there's never been so much construction but at the same time housing has never been less affordable. one third of urban populations now live in slums will go cities and empty apartments are being built all over the world. in china sixty five million flats are empty yet the construction industry is flora xing swallowing up one quarter of the sand extracted on the planet spain holds the unfortunate

record as the european country most addicted to sand in the midst of an unprecedented housing crisis thirty percent of the homes constructed since one thousand nine hundred six sit empty entire airports have been built without seen a single passenger and in dubai the emirate continues to build and import sand even if ninety percent of the apartments in the burj khalifa are bacon. but sadly real estate speculation doesn't hold the monopoly on the wasting of sand governments are also to blame. i would construction uses inexpensive see said the strips of asphalt we've built snaking around the world have swallowed up massive amounts of the world's beaches. think about the number of roads that governments across the way have to beat it's the public sector why the largest can do most of sad. how the sand wars

even registered on our political leaders radars. access to energy and the development of the forestay on climate change on the reform of the agricultural common policy on the common fisheries policy on land grab on not traversal seas and on access to water without come here very often you find that you needs a problem to get a lot was before it's going to get on the agenda. but talk about water because we know there's a major problem with that's right now in europe. and we have had the debates and that we've had the policy we're implementing a policy and soil we're still having a debate. on science. we're not having the debates. it's very very crucial that. petitions scientists engineers come together and find alternatives for them or for the foot for the use they used most which is

construction. can we continue to build and at the same time for yourselves from this dependence on sand. or other materials capable of replacing concrete. from the straw that's burnt after the crop is done you could build straw bale houses which use no cement. except maybe the slab on the floor but and they're earthquake proof those houses they're perfectly insulated and they're fireproof. you don't have to build concrete buildings you see this building right here this building was built with ninety five percent recycled materials all the steelers recycled it's made from. japanese cars you know it's all recycled steel and when this building is finished

they can melt this steel down to make more buildings. there's so many materials which can be recycled i think we need to exhaust those and in the meantime maybe the world changes you know some years ago people used to build not with this quantity of reinforced cement concrete but a different methods of construction perhaps thirty five different methods of construction but in the meantime at least we need to use recycled materials as far as possible. like strong metal our homes are recyclable and rubble can be really used to build roads or new housing projects. but these solutions must face our usual inertia and relentless lobbying by the construction industry. construction companies are equipped for and know how to work with concrete so radically changing our construction practices is an uphill battle

. what if there was another granular material that might substitute for sand. there's one very interesting beach north of san francisco called glass beach and it turns out that for years the city dumped all of their trash on to the beach the glass that got broken up by the waves and got rounded and today this is this wonderful sparkly shiny sort of a magical beach is started out as a garbage dump what nature has done the glass beach has inspired people to attempt a similar trick thousands of kilometers away in florida. which is something that has to be disposed of and takes landfill space or something like that into an asset then you've killed two birds with one. i think everybody realizes the glass is made out of saying that if people start scratching

their heads and say well maybe that's a good use of it to return it to science. glass bottles and packaging are everywhere they're usually collected and recycled into new containers but when it's crushed into fine pieces that glass can be just like sand got all because of all characteristics it's uncontaminated and regular beach sand only looks like sand but it behaves exactly like sand so to say and i mean there's no reason to expect a difference. sand from recycled glass is one promising alternative for the beaches of florida and elsewhere on the beaches where it has been tested even the sea turtles have adopted it as a place to lay their eggs. as much as one quarter of the glass that we throw away is not recycled and ends up in the. crushed it could be a perfect component in the making of concrete. compared to natural sand this sand

is still too expensive. when sun begins to cost high maybe. the sources can't compete with it though attentive can compete right now there is no competition you cannot compete that's something that is going to take the a truck bottom. pricing. as sand alternatives and new construction methods struggle to game budget a must see the sam gold rush is gaining speed and more battle fronts are appearing . on the coast of britain hundreds of families survived by traditional fish. but today pressure men are angry. a multinational with a verse for saying it plans to exploit the ocean floor destroying their livelihoods . but what an issue does. it doesn't matter. sagal so what this is about

the kills a lot with the global. companies have come to brussels complaining about it not sure if i was in rules say. on the does rules get to the things we need. so what they try to demonstrate is that by doing it by taking out a cent from them that's a rare there is no impact. going from you know me doing this well you know so i get on quite often with a gritty almost seduces level of a. lot of them see if they move it since it can become a democracy for them or. yes for me and all the well wishes simplices them also do no evil move. so.

he's going to do for some something. done. in. a sous st. exasperate of the brittany fisherman has shaken up both the elected officials and the citizens inspiring them to mobilize against the seizure of their sand with. perhaps grassroots movements such as this will mobilize other groups around the world to stop the sand wars.

once people know once people understand what the issue is and how important it is whether it's each grain of sand on that beach or the importance of that beach in their community to their lives and their community i think there's hope. this is the sand for useful construction this sand has been taken from. from the beaches so it is much is there take these sand the soil it ocean bilby more and this will have a very seedy. go to the beaches enjoy the beaches learn about the beaches and then do something about it. let's not let the beaches disappear. i believe that the younger generations

of the planet must come out and tried to impress upon others the gravity of the issue in but is happening to the planet and this cute we must save the beaches. given the scale of which society is built with. cern deserves a little more respect. whether it's more freeways whether it's more dams we've got to get away from these gigantic seams and get back to a simpler. where living. they've been tremendous environmental victories at the beach itself. to fight for itself. maybe needs us to fight for.

the fate of the world's beaches is not cast in concrete perhaps the day will come when we'll see santa with fresh eyes conscious of how every grain plays a role in the health of our planet and in our lives. then by working with nature instead of against earth we can win the same wars for the good of a song. welcome back as we take a look at the weather across the levant and western parts of asia there's a fair amount of cloud around but the weather itself is generally pretty quiet at the moment so might find cloudy skies in baghdad but temperature wise not looking at twenty four degrees quite warm pleasant enough in tehran sixteen degrees as a high. twenty three degrees in kuwait city further towards the east we have got the threat of snow elevation but otherwise fine kabul there in afghanistan ten

degrees or at least the side of the mediterranean weather generally is looking pretty good beirut coming at twenty four we got a southerly flow that's what it is in fact twenty five really quite exceptional at this time of the year so heading down into the arabian peninsula on the western side we've got fine conditions there meca looking at thirty three degrees or very quiet around the gulf states we've got light winds and temperatures into the mid twenty's lovely here at the moment and likely to stay that way as you move on through into the start of the weekend let's head down into southern portions of africa where it's looking a bit unsettling places obviously got showers across and go. sambir and zimbabwe much as you'd expect some heavy downpours likely in harare elsewhere we've got some mashal is affecting parts of botswana extending into south africa moving through towards friday that area moves further towards the east and it should brighten up in cape town with high sea of twenty two.

you are making very pointed remarks where on line the main us response to drug use and the drug trade over the last fifty years has been criminalized or if you join us on sat. in the morning and says i want to color the world in darkness this is a dialogue that could be what leading to some of the confusion online about people saying they don't actually know what's going on join the colobus conversation at this time on al-jazeera. this is. all american family challenge. christmas with. kenyan

elections intractable war in syria refugee crisis troubles in venezuela and tensions on the korean peninsula and al-jazeera news special looks back on the biggest stories of twenty seventeen through the eyes of families who lived through them. one term begins with but it does not in there no terrorist state poses a greater or more immediate threat than the regime of saddam hussein and that's. something they have a significant propaganda machine and guess what not one. word from any rock since the one nine hundred ninety one iraq deception at this time on al-jazeera.

we're watching those votes let him vote against us will save a lot.