i want to get in one more comment because this is someone who's an activist and just posted a story join the global conversation at this time on al-jazeera. on the fringes of some of the megacity. perched on stilts. but this is the beginning the. areas where. there's also more sustainable. communities the same type. of luck that you continue. this time. and i'm down in jordan in doha with a quick reminder of the top stories here on the al-jazeera the u.s. secretary of state has denied his country had any intention to help build a border for so long syria's border with turkey turkey sent tanks to the border and

threatened to end syria's afrin district after the u.s. said it would help kurdish forces set up a thirty thousand strong force but rex tillerson says the issue has been mis portrayed so he thought to clarify the issue in a meeting with his farmers and vancouver on tuesday. if european has freed an opposition leader as part of an amnesty of prisoners jailed of antigovernment protests and twenty fifteen rather good dina was released with more than four hundred others in a move towards political reconciliation by the state has more. morality dina is a hero to his supporters and thousands of excited well wishers guard of honor to restore his convoy to nine miles from the detention center on the outskirts of paris ababa to his home in the nearby town of braille. the leader of the aroma federalist party had been arrested after returning from a visit to brussels a year ago was accused of collusion with outlawed groups

a charge she always tonight is a very very violent today while it is there no owes a former member of parliament and has a construction in the low. house. i have been always you know respect things that. anyway it's good that them out. his freedom came as part of government efforts to stem a spreading wave of violence and unrest which flared up in twenty fifteen has claimed hundreds of lives and threatens the stability of one of africa's fastest growing economies and generally the third in a move into defusing the tension ethiopia's prime minister announced he would release many prominent dissident politicians always out without a party in their members who will decide is it makes their weeks what to do only what road to do it was originally out to do is a government the board for national debt or if it is real in the honest the we are for it but amnesty international and other observers warn that

a few high profile releases will not be enough the regime has to do more stories rescind this reckoning loath to instill judicial reform this security sector reform a complete overhaul of the. looked at the system with this i don't think the people who will be. fired thousands of prisoners of conscience are still in jail accused all prosecuted for protesting against the government in a statement the us embassy said it was encouraged by the latest releases paul brennan al-jazeera the white house chief of staff has reportedly said president donald trump's campaign promises on immigration uninformed u.s. media is reporting john kerry made the comments while discussing immigration reforms with democratic politicians they want guarantees to protect undocumented immigrants for backing a spending bill to avoid

a government shutdown is adjusted the way he's looked at the south asia strategy afghanistan he's a very definitely changes added to towards the darker issue in even the war once we briefed him when i was a d h s so he has evolved in the way he's looked at things campaign to governing are two different things and this president is very very very flexible in terms of what is within the realm of the possible yemen's who the rebels say they've launched a short range ballistic missile that a saudi military post in the border city of not run saudi state media is reporting the missile was intercepted the saudi led coalition has been fighting who the rebels in yemen since twenty fifteen israeli forces of killing palestinian man during a raid in janine in the occupied west bank a number of palestinians were also injured in gunfire israeli media linking the incident to the search for the killer of a rabbi who was shot dead a week ago north and south korea will march under a unified flag at the opening ceremony of next month's winter olympics and also

feel that joint women's i soccer team for the games in china in south korea well those were the headlines the news continues here now jazeera after face to face mandela and to click such and that's what. abiola. all right let's turn by heart first thanks for the know we're join the nobel committee. for get our budget off but the states are suffering nobel peace prize winner. i would also like but take this opportunity. the regulate my comp are a lot. further than any government here had the car to.

go at mc. and that terrible wrong at the current to our country and. through the imposition of the system of. december one thousand nine hundred ninety three the packed house and also the city home owners nelson mandela the hero of the anti-apartheid struggle and frederick the cliff the last white president of south africa i've years ago. if i would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that mr mandela and i would be joining the disappearance of the ninety nine bill. yet both of us. are before you today behind the. the two leaders are at olds and the tension in the country is at its highest in the us. will be living the opponents. will disagree strongly all key issues and we will soon fight the

strenuous election of a plane against one of them and enjoy the notwithstanding the event the spro quest which will make. all the thirty thousand people have died in the thick of violence . since the beginning of this year mandela and diplomatic partners as much as well able to carry to his representing a cruising campus in gazed in unwilling to negotiate incidents of political and personal doom that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist when the planet's.

seven kilometers west of cape town nelson mandela was a prisoner for eighteen years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the first black law firm in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the african national congress to fight against the apartheid regime and i many people feel that it is useless and for a future for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a block is only a savage attacks. under defenseless people. in one thousand nine hundred sixty two mandela was arrested two years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was forty six years old.

during his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost three quarters of the population in the state who responded with increasingly savage repression. in the one nine hundred eighty s. the country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the national party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in one thousand nine hundred seventy one f. w. as everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. one must remember that his father had been a very senior national party politician it being president of the senate his uncle have been prime minister so he was deeply. involved in the whole

growth and development of the national party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit one was always that he was never in favor of a security solution for the country never in seventy one i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eighty's. i came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in just as that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of apart they separate us. in the early

eighty's nelson mandela returned to the mainland after two decades of brutal detention he was transferred to pollsmoor prison then in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight to more comfortable housing within the victim first the prison about one hundred kilometers from cape town. for mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the justice minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. and soapy w. bush identified a team of which i was the head at the time to start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my nine hundred eighty eight until usually they met some got fifty times or forty eight times every week for hours on

end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an afrikaner nationalist mandela use that to get to know the minds of the afrikaans the minds of the national party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasn't possible he knew more or less how to treat them. both at home and abroad calls for mandela's release grew louder and gained more support for his party the a.n.c. represented him as the symbol of the anti-apartheid struggle. in early one nine hundred eighty nine bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. i

relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age fifty three took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. on december thirteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain heis the president's office for the first time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face. i did not have. high expectations of a first meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my first meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that first meeting was to get an understanding of each other to get a feel for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much

taller than he expected. and he was also very impressed by president of mr mandela's aristocratic bearing because we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the prime minister of the paramount chief of the ten booze so he had natural and natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that first meeting there was the feeling that yes we can do business with each other so i did expect that he would be positive about the concept of negotiation but we both of voided talking about the real challenges and the real issues at that time it was a sizing up for us and so that was the beginning of of a long and sometimes very very rocky relationship.

on february the second one thousand nine hundred ninety the eyes of thirty seven million south africans were turned towards cape town for the opening of parliament they did declare was about to pronounce his first general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction. it is time for us to break out of the cycle of violence and to break through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided on the following the prohibition of the african national congress the pan african as congress the south african communist party in a number of subsidiary organizations is being nice and people serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be

identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in one thousand nine. i was faced with a choice he knew that the country's economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about it more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a.n.c. because they were communists but no communism is dead sanaa we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. the clear speech

was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of the clerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart deciding that must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a firm decision to release mr mandela unconditionally i'm serious i'm serious about being this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the second of february ninety ninety contained a package of measures of which the release not only of nelson mandela but also of all political prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency. i tried in that speech to

add that is each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t.v. cameras they needed to use. how and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the second confrontation between the two men one week later at the president's office. i announced to him that he would be released on the eleventh of february and the first reaction was it's too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at

a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a.n.c. and it was one of the things of you will your my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the eleventh of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east. on february eleventh one thousand nine hundred ninety at five o'clock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see nelson mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. after twenty seven

years in jail a free seventy one year old man returned to his home in so wet oh determined to win freedom for his people. after four decades of conflict the adversaries met over three days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may nine hundred ninety the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties but these cautious optimism as well as faith and conviction that the problems will be solved by negotiation. and i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and just self that i think it was. overwhelmingly for and. it was like people who came to gather for the first time we didn't know

each other but who wanted to meet each other. that was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. we suddenly realized on both sides that we had to work jointly and collectively. the way forward and to responsible to the rest of us nobody else could take that response and you can imagine. with the background of the participants two sides that has been fighting each other. and were. suddenly being. of course there's a measure of mistrust. we do know al could be just three of us. we didn't know. but the point is we had to agree there's only one way to discover. that is to me. very striking feature.

of the discussions. which will head. it during the last three days. has been that cordiality. where you have had. discussions on sensitive matters in a spirit of conciliation and understanding. despite the signature of a peace agreement four months later the relationship between de klerk and mandela was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a.n.c. supporters from the closer ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar freedom party made up of zulus and led by monks to buthelezi. not just

that is the place is the. truth and i do the leaders the people i was a little girl it's true that the beginning of a rear wall is going. oh. more people got killed in south africa between one thousand eight hundred nine and one thousand nine hundred four done were killed by a potted forces in the entire history of about it there was a natural competition between the i have p n a n c u d s but it was aided and abetted by the former military and police people called it the third force. the two big black groupings fighting and a third force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence we're working with elements of the britain lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that

label and to and to accuse the clerk of the statistics. hundred thank you and. the national party has got that dab agenda for the negotiations process on the one hand. a talk about reform and change. that. they still want to hold on to economic and political power he said you see you don't care about the live lives of blacks that tell us you have allowed that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even after we had given you our commitment even when we have been doing that had to discipline our people and you behaved in this way

because you don't care about black life i think the accusation that i didn't do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed judith to judicial commissions of inquiry the one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the security forces against my orders against the policy i've laid down who continued with politically this had a tough underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very senior officers the clerk of the difficulty he had

to walk a tightrope he couldn't just walk into the military camp and say. give up your arms the sea is taking over he had to take yet to move very carefully with the police and with the military. and he did it slowly and and nelson mandela has indicated that he understood that so there was a game that mandela would put pressure on him. to disband and to end this that for violence and that that took that would defend. as the two leaders exchanged accusations about the causes of the violence talks continues and a conference was soon organized could desa the convention for a democratic south africa to discuss the country's future institutions three hundred delegates took part the a.n.c. and their allies demanded a majority electoral system where blacks would be dominant in the government

declared can his party wanted various measures to protect the white minority but on the very first day december twentieth one thousand nine hundred ninety one the talks almost collapsed when de cluck took the floor. the only one that he should visit. on the schedule. and with. all the others. do not have a jeweler's. those one. little. bit to be sure solution if your leaders years closer and. closer to the films with the schedule made and the force of the coffee and yes to the concept of. action. i spoke last and i

made a strong attack on the a.n.c. what went on only i sent a warning to president mandela that i would be making those statements the missions i believe did not get to him so nelson mandela sat there and watched the clerk attack him in this way. and i have never before or since seen mandela so angry at the result was then that mandela to the stuff that you're going so i'm going back to the microphone and started to my going to duck on was that. i heard a concern. about the behavior. of mr decay here have been less and friend. everybody has.

an illegitimate. discredited. my good genes as he. has certain moral standards or. very few. what do i have to give with such a. the political look at the arrival of refugees is debated in european parliament's. but the journey itself is little understood. to syrians document the route that is claimed so many lives searching for sanctuary padawan people in power on al-jazeera.

where. the controversial leader of islamic jihad is caught he is one of the most wanted terrorists in history to. come to terms on his alleged extra judicial killings by israeli television and mossad says being caught in the last post the outcome is only this if someone tried to. immediately syrian intelligence was shut down the border kill him in damascus at this time on al jazeera world. hello i'm down in jordan doha with a quick reminder of the top stories here on al-jazeera the u.s. secretary of state has denied his country had any intention to help build a thirty thousand strong kurdish force along syria's border with turkey and korea

as deployed tanks in response to the move threatened to end syria's afrin district but rex tillerson says the issue has been mis portrayed and sought to clarify than a meeting with turkey's foreign minister in vancouver on tuesday. israeli forces have killed a palestinian man during a raid in janine in the occupied west bank a number of palestinians were also injured in the gunfire israeli media are linking the incident to the search for the killer of a rabbi who was shot dead a week ago ethiopia has freed an opposition leader as part of an amnesty of prisoners who were jailed of anti-government protests in twenty fifteen there are good dina was released with more than four hundred others he's always denied violating the law is released as part of a government drive for national reconciliation. the white house chief of staff has reportedly said president trump's campaign promises on immigration were uninformed

u.s. media is reporting john kelly made the comments while discussing immigration reforms with democratic politicians they want guarantees to protect undocumented immigrants before backing a spending bill to avoid a government shutdown is adjusted the way he's looked at the south asia strategy afghanistan he's a very definitely change the attitudes towards the darker issue and even the war once we briefed him when i was a d.h. or so he has evolved in the way he's looked at things campaign to governing are two different things and this president is very very very flexible in terms of what is within the realm of the possible humans who the rebels say they've launched a short range ballistic missile at a saudi military post in the border city of natura saudi state media is reporting the missile was intercepted the side of the coalition has been fighting the who the rebels in yemen since twenty fifteen north and south korea will march under a unified flag of the opening ceremony of next month's winter olympics and also feel a joint women's ice hockey team for the games in pyongyang and south korea but the

power and reconciliation efforts are opposed by many in the south with several petitions filed against it but those were the headlines the news continues here on al-jazeera after face to face mandela and the statement that's what i've. it's december one thousand nine hundred ninety one talks to end decades of apartheid in south africa are faltering president f.w. de klerk has just blamed nelson mandela's a.n.c. for a surge in political violence mandela responds i. am concerned . about the behavior. of mr de cat he has been less friendly. everybody has.

eaten. discredited. my team as he. has certainly modest and it's. very few. what i have to hear with saturn and. when you responded. to the clock it was the closest we came to not having a negotiated solution i also think what he said is what mandela really thought about the clock he never said it publicly because he knew the kind of money is in knew he had to say i accept he's bona fide he's he's a man of integrity otherwise his followers wouldn't do it but there he was and he was provoked and he was angry because he didn't he wasn't warned and and that was a scary moment and i think that. told me everything i wanted to know about the

relationship between the truck and and mandela it was a terrible one it was not only the sugar that he was fighting for that i had from his people and what they believed in and what should. expect more from any man he could have been very rude and very brutal if need be and all of this left a mock it left a scar. across it on their personal injury but also on the process and a need to cause some damage unavoidably so. the negotiations would last for months under the pressure of white extremists declared called a referendum in march one thousand nine hundred two asking almost three million white voters if they approved of the path he was taking more than two thirds of them voted yes. on june seventeenth one thousand nine hundred ninety two zulus from the in cutter freedom party left their hostel accommodation and headed

for the boy petang timeship near johannesburg where the attacked a.n.c. supporters forty five people were brutally killed in the massacre the repercussions were dramatic exasperated mandela was very ill and in his response. and that point in time the administration of hitler was the only body that had the capacity and the power and the command was there was there to do those people and therefore to prevent that from happening even when that was was going to be intelligence with everybody that there are there's a. pileup of stocks of arms there and then there were people that they members who went to that i can no longer at a. point

in your. but look at what government where it's him. which is no doubt in go up if it were. not it. why do we all provoked we can fight back he alleged at that stage and behold the again see that this was an example of government forces that were utilized and that point has never been proved even through the consideration commission it was that that so mandela break off the negotiation it became frozen. we launched in that period almost immediately a call for roading mass action to revive and get to very high level the activity of the the masses in marches demonstrations

protest. in early august one thousand nine hundred ninety two a campaign of strikes and demonstrations was launched the power struggle culminated on august the fifth with the march on pretoria the country's political capital. was. in front of tens of thousands of supporters mandela came to openly defied declare beneath the windows of the union building was the official seat of government and did not find out it was. the big hand is the nation of unintended and that it had their frame and family lashes. and say john assemble. they say to the mat. on stage you know after tomorrow's. we have submitted to the government. then i don't know if they

are not. satisfactory. by the government. negara see asians can't cannot and will not a zero. here. the a.n.c. maintained the pressure he and dick clark were no longer speaking but in secret their lieutenants continued the discussions on the future of south africa. another massacre oblige the two men to officially renew the negotiations on september the seventh one thousand nine hundred ninety two and a small town in the homeland of cisco by seventy thousand a.n.c. supporters demonstrated against a local military leader supported by the government security forces opened fire

killing twenty nine people and wounding hundreds of others. out of the big issue issue came a meeting between our officials and the clerics and the decision to carry on and resume with the negotiations desperately seeking an agreement to clerk capitulated and ceded to mandela's demands in september nine hundred ninety two the principles behind the future constitution were determined it would be a majority system the white minority would have no veto or particular protection the date for the first multi racial and democratic elections was set april twenty seventh one thousand nine hundred ninety four.

it was therefore two electoral rivals who went to also in december nine hundred ninety three to receive the nobel peace prize in norway. the two men attempted to put on a good show but dick clark could barely conceal his frustration. i think the decision of the nobel peace laureate committee was a very courageous decision and the award to more must among dello was a popular one the award to me was a controversial award because people said but i have practiced a partake in the past i had no problem with their system on download receiving it at times it appeared as if he and the a.n.c. did not like very much the fact that it was also wanted to me and know that there were two that said. nelson should not have shared with

him i think that would have been a terrible mistake their contribution through the nobel peace prize was their contribution to say we congratulate you the people of south africa you for it amongst each other but in the course of that fight you learned to appreciate each other as human e.t. . and mandela was irritated by this man from the apartheid regime the people who put him in jail the people who oppressed these own people for so long trying to say i ended up after it praise me the credit felt that he did not get enough credit for ending up after it and he wanted to be on the international stage he wanted to be. the big the big historical figure but he was mandela he was the the biggest icon in

the world so. the two perspectives and the two egos really clashed and it was also difficult because there was a very strong and he apartheid lobby in norway didn't want him to get the e.u. the prize atoll and at one stage she and mandela went out on to a balcony or. of the group the hotel and the main road of ours alone and the norwegians who were supposed to be having a torchlight parade boo de klerk and they cheered mandela so it was a bit humiliating for ford truck. back in south africa the presidential election campaign proved to be extremely

tense. encounters a loose threatens not to take part in the vote and violent confrontations were frequent even in the center of johannesburg. as the world focused on sort of a few days before the vote the two candidates faced off in a historic televised debate. where have what that plan appeared at that time life or south africa and that better lives means housing starts free according to education hospital services. we believe that that is out of me and neither the i and she's policy

is riddled with that which has failed it is riddled still with clinging to nationalize ation you want good investments as long as that is the case they says that applause. often men or is not used to address the as signal is all that much harder to the population or scotland is committed for a smaller minority he is not alarmed at that or have for devote so much of his last . or is called sounds like. they just in general how are you going to talk if you talk about. that. far. and nation beauty how i am proud to hold your. thought as to who follow.

on election day no one doubted that mandela's a.n.c. would imagine is the victim the question was whether the party would gain two thirds of the vote. the final score was indisputable sixty two percent for the a.n.c. i'm just twenty percent for the national party. i hold out my hand to mr mandela in friendship and cooperation as far as my own post position is concerned i should like to make it clear. that i believe that my political task is just beginning everything that we have done so far the four years of difficult and often frustrating negotiations the problem and the crises. abin simply a blip in ration of all the work that lies in that. on

may tenth one thousand nine hundred ninety four after four years of negotiations and several thousand people killed in political violence nelson mandela became president of south africa he was seventy five years old. i think all for the future i think it's a good idea for self africa filey there that feature we have set out to achieve as befits. the drug thought it was a glorious moment. because it was peaceful it was accepted by the war the leaders of the world with their defeat on that day he saw it as the conclusion

of these project that started in one thousand eight hundred nine. according to the terms of an agreement signed in one thousand nine hundred three monday led a government of national unity assisted by two vice presidents tabone becky one of his right hand men and frederick declare. so you have made it big enough to call father serious and i live in. madison ordered south america. growing up by side. if a for the better public are for profit. so. i knew it was a snow day apartheid was over called the lost white president attending the swearing in of south africa's first black president.

my overwhelming sense was a feeling of accomplishment yes i had questions and i still have it in my mind. whether we will be able to stay on the right path there are threats and there are always dangers that even if you reach a good agreement that in the implementation of the agreement things can go wrong but my general sense was one of this is a good day for south. over parties with more than twenty deputies were represented in the government of national unity intended to last five years

a coalition unique in the world took office a cabinet when a former president officiated under the orders of his successor both at the head of opposing parties. facing them and allen never chaired the cabinet and they key the other deputy president and i chaired the cabinet on meditational basis . it was a good experience i realized and serialize that they needed to gain experience in governance they've been a liberation movement they've been agitated as they've been fighting they've been fighters in the field they didn't know how to deal with the civil service he possibly thought that his presence in the government of national unity. will give him the authority to teach then you'll come us. how to do things.

whereas the odds favor invested that he was also a newcomer into a situation that was new on twitter but there were moments when. i could see mr mandela getting frustrated it. all took patience between mandela and dick clark hit the headlines. in january nine hundred ninety five i heated disputes during a cabinet meeting which forced dick clarke and mandela to stage a public reconciliation for the media. the main focus of our discussion was our past not working relationship. i would just caution it was for. add to it keratin some detail with our of the issues which caused the recent confrontation between us. we did not ask for an apology

we are asked for the recognition of al good faith. honesty and our integrity in the process of the confrontation also my confidence in the president was shaken. and our talk this morning achieved also the race to relation of that confidence. i'm shaking you know you love movement on the t.v. . often about eighteen months the a.n.c. started to feel they've had enough of a learning experience. and then they started to try and silence me because i was not only an executive deputy president i was also the political leader of the main political opposition part and they were trying to

say i cannot in public criticize the solutions with which i disagreed in the cabinet because i'm an executive to fifty percent that was part of the problem which six months later after two years but rolled me to the decision with my party who was there all from the government of national unity i think that the clear and his group where feeling that they were losing too much support from the white constituency and that if they remained in government with the a n c they would continue to lose all that support again i think the clerics ego and in the way that and his personal circumstances and we sometimes talk about politicians and forget that they are ordinary human beings the clear cut then fall in love and married a new young woman

a beautiful woman that he was very much in love with he lost his appetite for dirty politics for hard politics. and instead of leaving his party inside and going to die with lovely elite it took them all out declared can despotic he left the government in june one thousand and eighty six shortly after the adoption of the country's new constitution mandela himself left politics in one thousand nine hundred nine handing over to top of baccy. in just six years of a hard fought to deal the two men had radically changed the course of their country's history and forever bound their own destinies they continued to see each other far from the political turmoil like in two thousand and six at a hotel in cape town at frederick to clerics seventieth birthday.

i mean. once they had retired they knew that they the two of them played a special role. in history. and they never became friends but on the one of two occasions public occasions they said nice things of what. we did. and i think if i disappear in a moment that all the words. are all off. why are time out of purpose of. our own. and did most of us wait while. i had a policeman in the us i will say that our government does not suffer a normal. occurrence although. i've ever gotten word that your. managed to get us away with our.

president mandela made. a wonderful speech. at a function for our friends and family. i was deeply touched. by the nicholl vision he gave to my contribution to. help to bring peace to south africa i was deeply touched by the personal warmth. which he extended to me. i even god a little bit if i can remember well. al jazeera explores prominent figures of the twentieth century and how rivalries influenced the course of history steve jobs a much better marketeers will be changed apple is going to bring bad stuff mom bill

made software what it is today will change the world to high tech visionaries breakthroughs inspired the digital revolution jobs and gates face to face at this time on al-jazeera. the moment is too cold in kazakhstan and parts of north iran where the cloud moves away temps is actually going to start to rise the next action is coming to live and at the moment and to keep that spinning up so it's going to increase the breeze from the southwest over lebanon seventeen in beirut probably was rain twelve in aleppo but equally is a bit of a suddenly breeze everywhere so we've got plus six in tashkent minus one that rises to just above freezing the following day so it is suddenly drift and temperatures start to rise at the same time we've got the sun reappearing in beirut destructs

temperature was able to feel better aleppo's down to nine again the rains gone through an anchor's at plus one in the sunshine but look at the amount of snow potentially forming out of that for eastern turkey northern syria and probably georgia maybe armenia as well south of it all that of a breeze blowing currently i think will weaken the gulf temperatures a study in the middle twenty's typically around about thirty in mecca not much in the way of tide in the sky except maybe in the southwest of saudi up in the mountains. in southern africa we have had some big showers recently in south africa but the persistent rains for the north and will last in zambia for example. the scene for us whether online what is a very new site in yemen that peace is always possible but not what happens not because the situation is complicated but because no one cares or if you join us on

set there are people that that are choosing between buying medication and eating base is a dialogue i want to get in one more comment because this is someone who's an activist is close to the story join the global conversation at this time on al-jazeera. al-jazeera. swear every since. it is the stuff family tales of. wonderful migration and generations of hutter this good large minds altering the landscape is the stuff of mine. a stunning portrayal of auditing life and one

woman's determination to save the community. russia. at this time of the two zero. zero zero. s. where every. as turkish troops massed along the syrian border of the u.s. secretary of state denies washington plans to support a border force a bike.