you switched veterans international peace and security the threats to the chemical weapons convention from attacks in syria in malaysia and now the united kingdom pays a very serious challenge to the nonproliferation regime that this council and others have carefully constructed in response to the terrible events of the past there is one country among us mr president russia which is playing fast and loose with our collective security and the international institutions that protectors it is that reason mr president that leads people to accuse russia and to take steps against it is not our lack of friendship for the russian people or lack of respect for russia as a country my own foreign secretary visited in the hope of establishing a more productive relationship with foreign minister lavrov but we can achieve nor what has happened in salisbury we cannot ignore russia turning

a blind eye to the use of chemical weapons in syria and insoles pre and we cannot ignore the way that russia seeks to undermine the international institutions which have kept us safe since the end of the second world war mr president we believe that the u.k.'s actions stand up to any scrutiny we have acted in accordance with the c.w.c. throughout and through the body charged for these purposes the o.p.c. w. we are happy to come to the council at any time we would be very willing to hold an open briefing at our mission here in new york if there are members of the u.n. who still have questions we have nothing to hide mr president but i do fear that russia might have something to fear thank you very much. you've been listening to karen pierce who is the british ambassador to the united nations responding release the half an hour over half an hour. so the summation really of the situation

according to the russians from vassily immensely who is obviously the russian ambassador sequence of nations very different sums really let's go straight to james space he's been listening in for us at the u.n. james really not a really compelling evidence by either very much staking their positions. taking very strong positions and certainly ambassador menzies i think quite enjoying in his long speech picking holes or holes that he thinks are there in the british case and attacking british political figures referring to the foreign secretary boris johnson in the prime of the trees of may as experts in chemistry which clearly they are not and a reference even to the former british prime minister tony blair as he attacked britain's record on weapons of mass destruction the british case is very much the

one we've heard throughout this investigation since the incident on the fourth of march that this is a russian produced nerve agent developed by russia and their own experts at porton down which happens to be very close to the city of salzburg believe it comes from russian production and this these people that were targeted the scruples were russian citizens who had been a russian spy but defected to the u.k. and his wife so they make his daughter i mean so they're making it clear that russia had the weapon and russia had the motive indeed carol here celso picking up on there this use of the words highly likely it was russia claiming they're actually that's not there so they're hedging their bets almost that's due to the legal situation in the u k. you know making it clear there often they often make this point that in the u.k. issues have to be decided by the court for example u.k.

diplomats will never use the word genocide because they say genocide needs to be determined by a court of law the same with this they are not going to say the words in the security council russia is guilty of this crime because under the british system that would be a legal process and that's why they use this determination of highly likely and i think she was making the point to diplomats i'm not allowed to say they did it but we're pretty much think they did indeed give been listening to jay's base they're reacting to the debate now going on at the united nations we now are listening to the deputy ambassador for united nations for the u.s. adding the u.s. is position. just we've really been listening to very strong as james pointed out there very strong positions from both of the selling about in syria the russian ambassador and karen paris from the u.k. that is it for now but stay with us on al-jazeera next up it's the caliph

foundation i'll be back in half an hour an hour or so with a full up some of the security council debate see that. the caliph. a form of rule in a slam. but lost it for almost thirteen centuries. from the death of the prophet muhammad. to the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph in one thousand nine hundred twenty four. the arabic ten to twenty eighth twenty five which actually in essence simply means a successor or a deputy. the ruler of the islamic world would call himself a confederacy would have no successor cultures. through the centuries.

the title of caliph is a term that has been used. at the times abuse. in june two thousand and fourteen. a militant group calling itself the islamic state in iraq and the new bands or isis. declared the establishment of a caliphate. they call rejected by most muslims around the world. by so proclaimed its leader of the balkans but the. account of. the man no love with the. appropriate thing a title imbued with a religious and political significance. and causing a dark shadow. over a rich history. of this kind of baghdad in the since

destroying attempting to destroy. much of the legacy the scaly ifs i want to preserve and to to foster. in a second with us and he said let's have a steady let's unlock. the cooling. not the kind of mental disease i'm inside out and. this is the story of a type two of the originated one thousand four hundred years ago. that spawn one of the greatest empires the world has ever known. this is the story of the count of.

medina saudi arabia. last resting place of muhammad. the prophet of islam. it was here in june of the year six hundred thirty two. that he died after a brief illness. the prophet left behind a young and fiber slotnick state uniting most of the tribes of a arabian peninsula. with medina as its capital. amman plan

while the assessment value in the safad did not be in the zama main and. with what sold as many said that in the us yes there is a mob and has to fight them. but. look at the hondas. and the said and who would lessen. the call for. the. ten years earlier muhammad and a group of his early followers would come to be known as a more headroom or the emigrants had fled mecca and persecution by the pagan leaders of their own tribe for a huge. war will the prophet and the emigrants were given shelter by the citizens of medina. would

their off to be cold alone song. meaning the supporters. together these two groups formed. the close companions of the prophet the successor would come from one of them. and i would be in the home and it had been led to an ad that well he then he can have him. then bad none of us would. be in a humble building but used to stand on the sights of this public gone. but the supporters gathered to decide which of them would be the prophet successor. but two of the leading emigrants. and almost interrupting their deliberations.

had util an idol international in the unit that it cannot be allowed in our hijab no no land in islam and i was in the navy that it. gannett in will have. less as. after hours of heated debate. the claim of the emigrants was judged to have precedence. of. a done while a. yak in that if assad. had he is sure he didn't wish to land the band and bury our. unsought fed by out. in a humble building in medina a new age had begun. a new title written

into history. a title that would ring down the ages. the first caliph of islam the successor of mohammed was to be a book a city. the following day a box position was confirmed when the most in community gave. an oath of allegiance to the new caliph. o.-p. put a pic task has been assigned to me. now it is beyond doubt that i have been elected european. though i'm not better than you. as long as i obey our

laws and his prophet. when i disobeyed him and his. prophet. than obey me not. above was the first of four would be known as the russian do the right to god it kind of says. they were zero people who had been very close to the prophet muhammad during his lifetime as his companion as those who had converted. to islam and had dedicated in sounds to the formation of the community the spreading of the message in the full in any campaigns and internet of the prophet mohammed in any way. and even by acting include our well the out. what the have. the call the body of rome out of the cup bob

was how about how you. still. have all your time even muslim in the been a struggle ok valdemar. mean that not to come and be two men. was a profoundly spiritual and modest man. but when some of the arabian tribes rose up in rebellion refusing to submit to the new caliphate he was quick to act. as a much to someone who knows a hell of a rate that he knows all the tribal details the genealogies the clowns the weaknesses the strengths who could be employed against whom and he transformed himself into this extraordinary powerful man. a boxer a declared war on the rebel tribes and after

a year of heavy fighting. he emerged victorious. his attention was now turned to the territory of the two superpowers of the era the sussan it's in persia. and the by sun times of the east and the roman empire. in an old day shift move taking on both empires at once he launched the muslim conquests. but crucially he gave his men orders to preserve not destroy. many of the. usual work and.

ballet i thought a little in the set. of alluding with a day guinean of the mob in. a box commander in the east. made good ground in iraq fighting the sustenance. of the four armies sent to attack. them in the levant meeting heavy resistance. on the order to which he moved his men across the desert to the west of the. oldest six thirty four on the fields of here in palestine. the most i'm on he's gathered to take on the mike on two of. the most. wanted and the.

one the. human didn't. so how some of the mob. but in the wake of victory as the. enough to just to use this kind. of book to die and in a just sixty one. there's no moment where there's an election or a council and we just have this placement as it were like a vice president coming on to the throne of the kind of what of the comes out. over the next ten years almost. the second right he got it kind of.

would show himself to be a great strategist and state bill. a few days after he became kind of. almost on this once more underfunded conquered damascus. but. was soon to be stripped of his come on. obama i mean wolf you'll see him in one to say that. what obama said that you know might have bought a lot of the of the law and the how did file add the new. there and then had run out of the tub in them until suddenly well i'm the lab you're almost went out.

after two years the calif would recall this brilliant commander to the battlefront once again. this time here in northern georgia in the tranquil valley of the yarmouk river. in august six thirty six this was where the by sun times army clashed with muslim forces underfed. one small victory to the muslims. of whom about the. infancy out. of the off the hook and i didn't miss with the new technique i'm waiting to go home. and yes we. about.

the muslim conquests moved on wards in all directions capturing the rest of the live on. great cities. finally they laid siege to jerusalem it's so. often making the list and i do so. like you know. yeah. well you. see he lists this. jerusalem significance lay as it still does today and its position as a holy place for the three great monotheistic religions judaism christianity. and islam. only for jerusalem was almost prepared to make his first and last journey a scholar if. not

. all more often to small who lets them. up like him in medina again a dollar on. the whole does rock what islam oh a levy yet about life. and death and. down. the line i'll us all well i'll tell ya. sophrony is the patron of welcome to mon given the keys of the city and then told them to come and pray in the holy sepultura the holiest church of christe and. said

no i will not pray here and when the patriarch asked why not just because if i play here then after me muslims will come and want to pray here take this church from you and i want you to have this church. a instead almost prayed just outside the church. in later years on the exact spot. this mosque was a red. herring the caliph's name. to this day a copy of the pledge that almost gave to the christians of jerusalem could be seen hanging on the walls of the smalls. this is an assurance of peace and protection given by the sentiment of a lot of commendable to believe this to the people of jerusalem. he gave them

an assurance of protection for their lives property cherish and crosses as well as the sick and the healthy and only it's really just. it's a wonderful journey and send me stories about omar about the puritanical commando but his journey jerusalem he's at his best he is sorting out the faith traditions honoring them in a city that can be shared by all faith communities. with the muslims now in full control of the levant they moved west and conquered egypt. in the east the caliphs armies triumphed over the south and it's called to say. an advanced on their capital. test before.

yes. at the time the largest city in the world. all that remains today of tessie form. is the arch of course. once the throne of persia and grooms. you have to remember the two greats. had screwed the world for the last four hundred years they were. putting it in a modern parlance it's a bit like the eskimos taking on the united states of america and russia. in october six forty four at the height of his powers and while leading the feds

don't prayers. almost was assassinated by disaffected persian slaves. that it is them who has allowed to visit many. who are. and you assistance oh i did it. yeah i need to stop the and. if you have your arm out of the cut up see how much a saturday idea. that did feel he has yes. feel. that the minute i let go when. the leadership of the muslims now pause to a man with a markedly different character. became the third of

the russia doing the rocky guided caliphs. shrine in quite a one two zero. resting place of one of the sahal. the prophet muhammad's close companion. was killed in the early attempts to conquer the area during the reign of the color . been. going on the lot and. off men you know. the what i couldn't change her wedding and. what has

a sort of bizarre. at first successful the campaign soon run into problems over the division of the spoils of war. effort for four months i don't have that i'm afraid i'm not offended at the shia at all whether your home is so home us. there can be. a whole off man that i've about can at them and i want to go ahead and show but how many c.f.c.'s the of honey. how an act is said look at. the ruling elite of this empire where rules are rife from hammett's tribe to tribe of carraige these people have become the rule is

a very very wealthy empire and they also have laws that have been drawn from across the peninsula and now we're being settled in garrisons in egypt and iran and so i think the politics and the economics of the situation who are almost inevitably going to drive conflict. in six fifty five mutinies broke out against the kind of uncalled for and bustle. and in the garrison that's a stall in egypt. a year later on gravels marched in medina and took up positions around off months house calling on him to step down. he broke a disease has tended to see each things get ugly but she's broken into and he's assassinated killed and it's said that so. symbolic moment he was meditating

reading the koran the company of one of his wives and the blood of the third kid to spilt on the cross to the court that emblematic moment when the word of god is splattered with blood and it's as if the community will never know peace again. once again a caliph. but this time the killers were. less than a quarter of a century after the death of the prophet. thank you so i think she's there champ you know nine hundred ninety. two projections were just there the fans read the qur'an and i heard from a bunch of growth process and one dream dashed by sectarian attacks but that

stopped being about supporting the regime pure politics zero looks back on the minds and soul of lebanon's golden age of basketball time out on al-jazeera new yorkers are very receptive to al-jazeera because it is such an international city they are very interested in that global perspective that al jazeera lives. in london with the top stories here on al-jazeera russia has reiterated its warning to the u.k. saying he's playing with fire by accusing moscow of being behind last month's never agent attack the comments were made at the u.n. security council which is meeting to discuss the fallout from the poisoning of the former russian spy sergei script and his daughter ascension has been called by

russia which is seeking to undermine britain's case that moscow was responsible for the attack in the city of salzburg because mother doesn't know good good good good . i don't even know what to say it's some sort of theater of the absurd can you come up with a better fake story we all know what the worth of british intelligence is based on the experience with tony blair we have total u.k. colleagues that you're playing with fire and you'll be story. a court in germany has ruled that the former catalan leader wished him all can be released on bail while awaiting a decision on his possible extradition to spain which the man has been held at this prison. for just over a week after he was arrested soon after crossing the border from denmark he's facing charges of rebellion over the catalan region's campaign for independence the court ruled that he can be extradited over accusations of corruption but not on the

rebellion charge. brazil's supreme court has ruled that former president lu is in asio lula da silva must start serving a twelve year prison sentence for taking bribes luna had asked to say out of prison until he exhausted all possible of pills in august he was found guilty of accepting bribes worth more than a million dollars the court's decision threatens his bid to run in the upcoming presidential election i was favored to win and you are time's investigation says the lebanese american businessman george nader could have new information about russian interference in the twenty sixteen us presidential election there is a witness in robert melissa investigation according to the times he has connections to both the united arab emirates and russia and may have information that links to important strands of the inquiry and there's much more on our website just click on our dot com for more news features and video those are the top stories stay with us

and al-jazeera as the callao caliph foundation continues. the year six fifty six. just a quarter of

a century has passed since the death of the prophet muhammad. and the foundation of the caliphate. the third caliph off man has been murdered by a group of rebels in the capital. baghdad tell us a man that only a loved one gonna live the issue would get in the dino and joe will follow. that's the way can you help when i mean i mean. what in the hell do i could mean in my duty and. ali cousin and son in law of the prophet yielded to the pressure becoming the force of the russia doing the right he guided caliphs. the media's plunge fall from being

a spiritual sort of lost philosopher poet theologian he's plunged into having to cope with a very very much political waters. iraq . bedrock of support for the new caliph ali. abandoning medina he moved this capital here in the face of a growing threat coming from close to the prophet himself. calling for the punishment of off months killers. one of the prophet's wives and two of his closest companions. and his superiors gathered an army to do battle with the new caliph. it came to be known as the battle of the camp.

they set the scene for violent conflicts between moments for my companions he was victorious and taunts about every defeated i show withdrew from public life after this defeat. the islamic state had fallen into its first civil war. the first but not the last. damascus the syrian capital. and six thirty four and after almost seven centuries under roman rule. the city was

conquered by muslims. an army commander was appointed governor of the mosques and later the entire province. i mean i mean look at that he shot me well and good as an incentive. and yes done and that's where you are i mean a home with the idea that the n.c.i.c. who i let you lay if i lay him. some high level below my hour or in there you assure me your own shadow be on them while we are well as locked in a. while you have came from the same family of the correct strike the oh my yes as the murdered caliph. he refused to give the oath of allegiance to the new caliph. many of a man's relatives began to mom but only hand over those killers for justice and the

center of a myatt resistance to ali was syria which was governed by a member of a finance family his second cousin michael olea. and six fifty seven ali marched northwards to quell malia's mutiny. they met a battle called prophecy feed which was inconclusive and they agreed to negotiate this proved to be a canny decision on the part of malawi because it's split elise support some of his supporters felt that he shouldn't be negotiate. thing as the if he should just fight until he to stop his power. in january of six sixty one. the dissidents in ali's arm decided to try to wrest power from the elite.

they plan to assassinate ali. and as. the governor of egypt. but their conspiracy ended with only one victim ali the cut. off to three decades the first chapter. of the russian to the right to god. was both. can the see that they never do and i leave that would mean i still. really need it denia elaina shall see that he is c.s.e. while we have been absent yet when at the end the c.s.l. know that. i was a shooting. at the. law

we emerged triumphant establishing the almighty caliphate. a new dentist no longer primarily religious. the caliphate now begun to look more like among. the ruins of anja and eastern eleven of. once thought to be by sun time roman the city was in fact my domain. they had adopted the architectural style of the by sun times along with the structures of imperial rule. but underdog numbers is.

a busy water one hundred can all at the last though and one of them of hawkman bizarre and put out the reason for this is for after the one in the main the hut they have no design will see death but there's a much faith. in the it's the but. before on it good enough to where solid insert. under maja the caliphate changed its form. and as a king would have done he named his son yes he was a successor. the early caliphate was not dynastic people were chosen by being designated by fact creators sesa or by groups and he consulted amongst themselves so it was if you like elect even the least this possible sense of the word and that's have

a first for cain if which chosen by few not a consensus of the only mystery in community. became color from his father's death and sixty eight. his rule was to plunge the states into another civil war. medina the first captive powerful figures in the muslim community were beginning to build strong opposition to his ear. particularly important examples are abdullah the son of the bear who were challenged ali in the first civil war also has sane the son of ali who had been kailash during the first civil war he also resisted the call for a pledge of allegiance to his ear. to signal his rejection of years each kind of. scene left medina for. from there he set off for coup for former

stronghold of his father. but then october sixth eighty here in karbala iraq has its forces trapped and killed her same and most of the members of his family. nonetheless opposition to a maid rule was far from over. the remains a pair refused to pledge allegiance to years and he described himself as the one who seek sanctuary in god's house and went to mecca sought refuge there easy decided to send an army against up to ribbons of bad but up to ribbons a bear was saved by the premature death of yours and at that moment in six eight three he proclaimed himself. meanwhile in

damascus ma you know the second son of yours he was installed that's the third kind of of the my dentist. but within a few weeks he died leaving no son no successor a power vacuum seized on by the rival caliph and. co yet the model that. let the. eleven exhibit such as that how they will bother about a lot of the. iraq. welcome back i need. to see. a man the jordanian capital. city overlooked by the remains of

a bison tynecastle. and the palace of the main government. the tribes of jordan were the last to stay loyal to the mites. in six eighty four a tribal gathering held here chose marwan as the new my youth callous. and it was his son abdul-malik who would reunite the islamic state under the firm rule of the almighty it's. the dome of the rock. jerusalem's most recognizable lung. built on the odors of the in my youth caliphs optimistic this is the third holiest

sites in islam. but at the time the two most holy sites the mosques of mecca and medina lay in the hands of the almighty its rival kalif it was obeyed. in six ninety one as a judge a ruthless a made general set off for islam's holiest place with a powerful army. sent him to besieged mecca and defeat even sabbat perhaps because i'm dumb i can self didn't want to be too closely associated with the damage to the shrine. of the sea. and a desperate missile base shelter in the slums most sacred shrine. the kaaba.

but the hijazi was not to be deterred and bombarded with a couple. after eight months of determined resistance. if mr baird was killed and last ditch fighting. was stopped by the management not one and you were eight though he did the lead me at my left and jenny that was a new age see as if he had been checking in a lot why barack and. woman just sat kathy about that said yeah than many women when you see i've been at the lot of the. after two decades as callous. the legacy of stability to the sun. and that foundation. would build a still great and park. the

capital of modern morocco. it was here in seven zero eight that the armies of the omega calif. reached the atlantic coast. after more than fifty years of fierce resistance by local berber tribes the muslims had finally conquered the whole of north africa. got our way before i don't mean that you want to fight or win and decide on what it is that met when it's the crowd water avoid a shut up where the shade. having been conquered. the berbers discovered that the slim had much to offer and began to

convert and assimilate. one of them. thought of. was about to write his name in history. thought. the mountain of thought. gibraltar. southern tip of the iberian peninsula. it was here in the spring of seven hundred and eleven torics army of berbers landed after crossing the mediterranean. inside three years he had toppled the visit of rulers. and secured almost total control of the peninsula turning it into a colorful province known as under lucio. power about me

when i can all mostly one publish a dozen f a didn't he did. the other thing a did and he did not follow. along with the great conquests in europe there was more success in asia. muslim armies began advancing towards what is today pakistan afghanistan and the central asian republics. within ten years they had reached the borders of china. had built the biggest empire yet no. as you know has iemma entity my commander general many military i mean us. commander general. municipality command the then forest coverdell minister thirty. meanwhile i was wily and adda he had a few thoughts on him but. unlike

the traditions of earliest. the walls of foresight ombre in the jordanian desert are painted in a by sometimes style. here is depicted not as a religious figure but as an emperor. in just ten years he had made himself the most powerful man on earth. but the successes would struggle to retain that power.

the peyronie's. the don't sing natural barrier between spain and france. in seven thirty two under the command of up the rough monograph of the governor of under lucio. them forces across these mountains into french territory. seemingly unstoppable they advance north capturing one city after another. from the left at the unity and it's look it's as if you. need to be hugged. and at the unknown. illness had to. come in some me he. knew i need to know how to look.

on this field to the north of the french city of what it. did france and troops were stopped by frankish army under shop mocked and. the muslims were defeated and their commander up to rahmani kill. muslims remember this battle of the martyrs yard. but european history knows it as the battle of tool. a victory that stopped the northern spread of islam and saved pristine europe. it then came to symbolize for later historians in particular for the great english historian edward gibbon he saw it as a decisive turning point in the battle between europe and the muslim world and he

famously said that if it hadn't been for. charles martel and who are we would now be preaching the koran in oxford. this defeat in europe in the reign of the tenth of may it caliph a sham brought an end to a my youth invincibility. and just as his palace in jericho palestine lies in ruins today. is shams death and seven forty three through the whole state into chaos. after almost two years of all made family infighting over the caliphate one the second emerged as the fourteenth and last in my youth caliph. for my

javelin few of my one. gun a. well i guess that they are and the yorkie. absolved by his efforts to contain trouble at the heart of the state the new caliph was oblivious to grave events unfolding in the east. a rather mysterious leader whose remember by the name of a muslim was calling for pledges of allegiance to the prophet's family and he managed to draw a substantial following from eastern iran into an army to oppose a mind to rule. the rebel army marched westward and captured coup for in iraq. in november seven forty nine here in the city's mosque by on the oath of allegiance was given to the first

a bus in calif. they proclaimed a man as called abu allah. and he was a descendant of one of the prophet muhammad's uncles and he based his claim to the caliphate on that kinship with the prophet mohammed. in january seven fifty. on the banks of the zab river in iraq the oh my it's led by their color not a want for their last battle against the us at all. after a heavy defeat marwan escaped westwards. that summer of the year seven fifteen he was killed by the a bus. after nineteen years in power you might caliph it had been brought to an end. why the mayans lost

power and what exactly happened in the aussie revolution is a difficult question but it seems to be related to this ongoing sense that the prophets family had a right to rule the kayleigh fight and this was a problem of the a my it's never really successfully contained. some muslims believe that the caliphate should always have remained strictly within the prophet's bloodline. this belief would lead to the biggest splits in the history of islam. a split which is still exploited to this day. the centuries old divide. between sunni and shia.

alan there's only one bit of obvious weather in australia as seen from space in this this cloud which is no tropical cyclone have been around for a long time not done much still not doing much has been battering the coast of queens and is more or less falling apart the still legacy big ways and a good long fetch of cool so there's a swell with it but the storm itself stays offshore effects and the barrier reef

the coast will improve slowly there's a hidden story to have because i can't see much happening in australia its temperature is slowly dropping in the west it has not been the case it's been remarkably halt in for example x. was thirty six is a cooling trend it was ten degrees higher than that and this warms is spreading across the middle of australia stealthily such that i think next week we're talking about temperatures approaching the low thirty's in place to adelaide melbourne a.c.t you don't see that in april very often if at all but that's the story still to come to these this big open skies again lovely weather in new zealand as you can see from the satellite picture there is cloud coming to the south i think we get showers coming to satellite and on friday twenty three christchurch twenty two in oakland who's to complain that it's still pretty warm.

i really did bad things would i be able to forgive somebody like me a convicted war criminal seeks out the survivors of a prison camp to apologize for the crimes of his past i just can't get him a better showing for. the unforgiven a witness documentary on al-jazeera my old team last can back. it up but. this is al-jazeera. and i'm citizen this is the news out live from london coming up we have nothing to hide mr president but i do fear that russia might have.