thank you so she was there champ you know nine hundred ninety two to. research it was just me and i'll read the from thread to run another argument from some broad process and one dream dashed by sectarian attacks from stop being your votes for senator mccain pure politics zero looks back license all of last. time out on al jazeera al jazeera is a very important source of information for many people around the world when all the cameras have gone i'm still here go into areas that nobody else is going to talk to people that nobody else is talking to and bringing that story to the forefront.

a lot has them say here in doha with the top stories on the israeli army has killed at least eight palestinian protesters and injured more than thirteen hundred in the second week of demonstrations along gaza's border with israel thirty people have now died near the border since the protests began last friday former brazilian president. of the silver is negotiating his surrender after defying a court order to hand himself over to police supporters are rallying in front of a building in sao paolo where loon has been holed up since thursday he's been ordered to start a jail sentence for corruption more now from daniel. so yet another day of high drama in what has been several days we've seen in the last two years of high drama in brazilian politics. the president is the president of popularly known and missed the deadline to hand himself into the all star it is to meet the terms of the arrest warrant issued by the prosecuting judge sergio model from the southern city

of. but then since then there were negotiations held while lula was in the metal workers union headquarters in the cell paolo many of his supporters outside that building while the negotiations went on there has been some kind of humanitarian reprieve i suppose you could call it went early on saturday morning supporters will hold a remembrance this mass late why but it's who died last year a very popular figure within the workers' party lula will attend that mass and then hand himself in it appears to the prosecutor prosecuting officials to be transported. where a special cell has been prepared for him separate from other prisoners where he will. begin to see the twelve years a one month sentence for corruption he will long has expressed his innocence he has said this is a political campaign against him to prevent him running in the presidential

elections in october and elections that many feel if you were allowed to stand he would win that will now not happens it seems although he continues to fight brazilians continue to watch await how this drama unfolds u.s. president donald trump is moving to end the practice known as catch and release that allows immigrants caught in the u.s. without proper documents to be freed while immigration cases play out in court washington has impose new sanctions against some of president vladimir putin's key allies they target seven russian businessmen and seventeen senior government officials the white house says the penalties are in response to what it calls moscow's damaging activities and alleged meddling in the twenty sixteen u.s. election. the former russian spy or the center of a diplomatic route between the u.k. and russia is no longer in a critical condition doctors say surrogate scruples health is improving a month after he and his daughter were poisoned with

a nerve agent in southern england british police are boosting their presence on london's streets this weekend that's after a series of stabbings in recent days police have held an emergency meeting with community leaders on how to tackle the surge in knife crime city's murder rate has risen dramatically over the past two months we have not lost control of the street so i can understand why some people are very worried at the moment we live in and particularly in some areas of london we've had some ghastly homicides as you know a petition in the last few days including those of really young people that is bound to be very frightened. by the former cattle and leader collars pugin want is calling for a dialogue with the spanish government after his release on bail in germany put him on was detained last week when he crossed the border from denmark judges ruled the rebellion charge that he faces in spain is not an offense in germany virgin galactic new spacecraft has made its first powered flight since the fatal crash of

its original rocket ship four years ago fight scene is an important milestone in the company of plans to take tourists on sub orbital trips into space it was delayed when the firm's spacecraft crashed in twenty fourteen killing the pilot those are the headlines today we're back in half an hour right now it's the calif. the caliph. a form of rule in a slam. that lasted for almost thirteen centuries. from the death of the prophet muhammad. to the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph

in one thousand nine hundred twenty four. the arabic ten to twenty eighth twenty five which actually in essence simply means a successor already adapted to. the ruler of the islamic world would call himself clifford resort and successor goatse most of. the centuries. the title of caliph is a term that has been used. at the times abuse. in june two thousand and fourteen. a militant group calling itself the islam ecstacy and iraq in the levant isis. declared the establishment of a caliphate. a call rejected by most muslims around the world. by so proclaimed its leader of the balkans baghdad. account of.

the men no love with the appropriate thing a title imbued with a religious and political significance. and cost a dark shadow. over a rich history. discounted by god in the since destroying attempting to destroy much of the legacy. scaly ifs i want to preserve and to to foster. in the setting with us and he said let's have a steady let's unlock. the cooling. not the kind of mental disease i'm inside out and. this is the story of a tied to the originator one thousand four hundred years ago. that spawn one of the greatest empires the world has ever known. this

is the story of the comet. medina saudi arabia. last resting place of muhammad. the prophet of islam. it was here in june of the year six hundred thirty two. that he died ofter

a brief illness. the prophet left behind a young and fibrous samik state uniting most of the tribes of a arabian peninsula. with medina as its capital. amman plan while the assessment value in the safaga did not be in the zanla main and. with what does the many said than and. yet that is a mob and has so far. but. look at the hondas. and we said it and who would lessen. the. ten years earlier muhammad and a group of his early followers would come to be known as a more headroom or the emigrants had fled mecca and persecution by the pagan

leaders of their own tribe for a ship. or warble the prophet and the emigrants were given shelter by the citizens of medina. with their off to be cold alone song. meaning the supporters. together these two groups formed. the close companions of the prophet the successor would come from one of them. and i would be in the home and he had been led to and i that well he then he can have him and yet the one rule then bad none of us would. be in a humble building but used to stand on the sights of this public gone. but the

supporters gathered to decide which of them would be the prophet successor. but two of the leading emigrants. and almost interrupting their deliberations. as well had you known that idol international in the end i thought it cannot be allowed in our hijab no not allowed in islam and i was in the navy that it. gannett in will have many are less as. after hours of heated debate. the claim of the emigrants was judged to have precedence. done while awake and contented though a lot of us would. yak in that it. had a historic. land no bad there and bury our buddy mckee by.

the way out. in a humble building in medina a new age had begun. a new title written into history. a title that would ring down the ages. the first color for this land the successor of muhammad was to be a book a city. the following day a box position was confirmed when the most in community gave. an oath of allegiance to the new caliph.

o.-p. put a pic task has been assigned to me. now it is beyond doubt that i have been elected european. but though i'm not better than you. as long as i obey our laws and his prophet. when i disobeyed him and his. prophet. than obey me not. above was the first of four would be known as the russian do. the right he guided caliphs. they were zero people who had been very close to the prophet muhammad during his lifetime as his companion as those who had converted. to islam and had dedicated themselves to the formation of the community the spreading of the

message here that for in eighty campaigns and internet of the prophet mohammed in any way. there was a i didn't create out well the out. what the have. the call the body of rome out of the cup thought was how. to. better have all your time even muslim in. gevalt. mean that not to come and day to men. was a profoundly spiritual and modest man. but when some of the arabian tribes rose up in rebellion refusing to submit to the new caliphate he was quick to act. as a much to someone who knows a hell of

a rate that he knows all the tribal details the genealogies the clowns the weaknesses the strengths who could be employed against whom and he transformed himself into this extraordinary powerful man. of a book or a declared war on the rebel tribes and after a year of heavy fighting. he emerged victorious. his attention was now turned to the territory of the two superpowers of the era the sussan it's in persia. and the by sun times of the east and the roman empire. in an old day shift move taking on both empires at once he launched the muslim conquests. but crucially he gave his men orders to preserve

not destroy. many you're going to have the. usual. well you will see. ballet i thought a little in the set. of alluding with a day guinea and every man i bid him. a box commander in the east. made good ground in iraq fighting the sas and. the four army sent to a talk by garrisons in the levant meeting heavy resistance. on the order. which he moved his men across the desert to the western front. and all just six thirty four on the fields of here in palestine. the

most i'm on he's gathered to take on the might of done to you. the most. wicked and. even one the. human didn't. so how some of them out a little. but in the wake of victory it as that the. enough to just to use this kind. of book to die and the need for sixty one. there's no moment where there's an

election or a council and we just have this placement as it were like a vice president coming on to the throne of the kind of what of the comes that. over the next ten years almost. the second right he got it kind of. would show himself to be a great strategist and state bill. a few days after he became calif. almost on this once more underfunded conquered damascus. but. was soon to be stripped of his come on.

obama i mean who you'll see been one to say that. what obama said that you know might have bought a lot of the of the law and the how did file add the new there and then had run out of the cut bob in them until suddenly well i'm the lab you're almost went out. after two years the calif would recalled his brilliant commander to the battlefront once again. this time here in northern jordan in the tranquil valley of the yarmouk river. in august six thirty six this was where the by sun times army clashed with muslim forces on their fat. one small victory to the muslims. of whom about the.

infancy have. a day off the hook and i didn't miss with the new company i'm leaving your home. and us with. about. you know. the muslim conquests moved on wards in all directions capturing the rest of the live on i did great cities. finally they laid siege to jerusalem it's so. often making this and i don't see. a woman but you know. yeah. well you. see lists of this. jerusalem significance lay as it still does today and its position as a holy place for the three great monotheistic religions judaism christianity.

and islam. only for jerusalem was almost prepared to make his first and last journey a scholar if. not . all more often to small as that. she had a malice allah give any medina again a dollar on. the whole does rock what islam oh a levy yannick about life. and death and. down. the line i'll us all well i'll tell ya.

sophrony is the peach and welcome to mon given the keys of the city and then told them to come and pray in the holy supple of the holiest church of christe and. who said no i will not pray here and when the patriarch asked why not because if i play here then after many muslims will come and want to pray here take this church from you and i want you to have this church. a instead almost prayed just outside the church. in later years on the exact spot. this mosque was a red. herring the caliph's name. to this day a copy of the pledge that almost gave to the christians of jerusalem can be seen

hanging on the walls of the smalls. this is an assurance of peace and protection given by the sentiment of a lot of commendable to believe this to the people of judas that. he gave them an assurance of protection for their lives property cherish and crosses as well as the sick and the healthy only it's really just. it's a wonderful journey and send me stories about omar about the puritanical commando but his journey jerusalem he's at his best he is sorting out the faith traditions honoring them in a city that can be shared by all faith communities. with the muslims now in full control of the levant they moved west and conquered egypt.

in the east the caliphs armies triumphed over the sustenance that called to say. an advanced on their capital. test before. yes. at the time the largest city in the world. all that remains today of tessie form. is the arch of course. once the throne home of persia and grooms. you have to remember the two great superpowers of the empire. had screwed the world for the last four hundred years they were. putting it in a modern parlance it's

a bit like the eskimos taking on the united states of america and russia. in october six forty four at the height of his powers and while leading the feds don't prayers. almost was assassinated by a disaffected person slave. who has a lot to visit many. who are. and you assist oh i did it. yeah i need to stop the and. if you have your arm out of the cut up was a saturday idea. that did see has yes. if

you have. a minute. to go with. the leadership of the muslims now to a man with a markedly different character. became the third day of the russia doing the rocky guided caliphs. shrine in quite a one two zero. resting place of one of the sahal. the prophet muhammad's close companion. was killed in the early attempts to conquer the area during the reign of the.

off men. the what i can change how any and. what has a. bizarre. at first successful the campaign soon run into problems over the division of the spoils of war. and the effort with homos i don't on that i'm afraid i'm not a fan but the shia and get it home with some hamas. that can be. a hold off man that i'm about can at them and i want to go ahead and ship but how

many c.f.c.'s the. how will they settle and that. the ruling elite of this empire where rules are right from hammett's tribe to tribe of carraige these people have become the rule is a very very wealthy empire and they also have laws that have been drawn from across the peninsula and now we're being settled in garrisons in egypt and iran and so i think the politics and the economics of the situation who are almost inevitably going to drive conflict. in six fifty five mutinies broke out against the kind of uncalled for and bustle. and in the garrison that's a stall in egypt. a year later on gravels march to medina and took up positions around off months house calling on

him to step down. he broke a disease has tended to see things get ugly that she's broken into and he's assassinated killed and it's said that all. full symbolic moment he was meditating reading the koran the company one of his wives and the blood of the third kid of the spilt on the cross to the court the emblematic moment when the word of god is splattered with blood and it's as if the community will never know peace again. once again a caliph had been assassinated. but this time the killers were muslims. less than a quarter of a century after the death of the prophet. china's

big brother is always watching at home and abroad. i know will go control its citizens. tracing the fall from prosperity to financial ruin this is a movement where. nothing worse first will be. the devastating impact for savers. and the failure to prevent disaster and political leaders of the people who. are gora from democracy to the markets on al-jazeera.

hello and has a secret indoor how would the headlines on al-jazeera the israeli army has killed at least eight palestinian protesters and injured more than thirteen hundred in demonstrations along gaza's border with israel thirty people have now died in the border since the protests began last friday for the brazilian president luis u naseer lula da silva is negotiating his surrender after defying a court order to hand himself over to police supporters are rallying in front of a building in south paolo where luke has been holed up since thursday he's been ordered to start a jail sentence for corruption more now from daniel. who learns his popularly known here his lawyers have been negotiating with the officials from the prosecuting judge and it does seem as though it's likely to hand him self in later on saturday he's won some kind of i suppose you could call it a humanitarian reprieve early on saturday morning the supporters are holding

a mass remembrance ceremony polluters late wife but it's a letter who died in february of last year she was a very popular figure within the looters workers' party saluda will attend that ceremony as it does seem as though his lawyers have indicated he will then hand in self in the u.s. has impose new sanctions against some of the president vladimir putin's key allies they target seven russian businessmen and seventeen senior government officials the white house says the penalties are in response to what it calls moscow's damaging activities for russian spy or the center of a diplomatic route between the u.k. and russia is no longer in critical condition doctors say sergey screwballs health is improving a month after he and his daughter were poisoned with a nerve agent in southern england british police are boosting their presence on london's streets this weekend after a series of stabbings in recent days officers of held an emergency meeting with community leaders on how to tackle the surge in knife crime. for my cats i am lead

a college demand is calling for a dialogue with the spanish government after his release on bail in germany. was detained last week when he crossed the border from denmark judges ruled the rebellion charge that he faces in spain is not an offense in germany does the headlines you're up to date now let's get you back to the caliph. the year six fifty six. just a quarter of a century has passed since the death of the prophet muhammad. and the foundation of the caliphate. the third caliph osman

has been murdered by a group of rebels in the capital. baghdad as monrovia lahore and ghana living. that's the way can you help when i mean i mean. what in the hell you want i could million my duty and one stop. ali cousin and son in law of the prophet yielded to the pressure becoming the force of the russia doing the right kind of us. he needed his plunge fall from being a spiritual sort of lost philosopher a poet theologian he's plunged into having to cope with the very very mucky political waters.

iraq. bedrock of support for the new caliph ali. abandoning medina he moved this capital here in the face of a growing threat coming from close to the prophet himself. calling for the punishment of off months killers. one of the prophet's wives and two of his closest companions. and his superiors gathered an army to do battle with the new caliph. it came to be known as the battle of the camel. they set the scene for violent conflicts between moments for my companions he was victorious and taught him so badly defeated i show withdrew from public life after

this defeat. the islamic state had fallen into its first civil war. the first but not the last. damascus the syrian capital. and six thirty four and after almost seven centuries under roman rule. the city was conquered by muslims. an army commander was appointed governor of the mosques and later the entire

province. i mean i mean you can look at it the shammy wiley and do there's an incentive. and yes done and that's where you are i mean a home with the idea that the n.c.i.c. who i let you lay if i lay him. some high level below i or me larry is a shammy own shadow beyond them while we are well as a law in a. while yet came from the same family of the kharaj troy the oh my yes as the murdered caliph. he refused to give the oath of allegiance to the new caliph. many of us mons relatives began to mom but only hand over those killers for justice and the center of a myatt resistance to ali was syria which was governed by a member of a finance family his second cousin michael olea. and six fifty seven

ali marched northwards to quell malia's mutiny. they met at a battle roughly six feet which was inconclusive and they agreed to negotiate this proved to be a canny decision on the part of malawi because it's split a lease support some of his supporters felt that he shouldn't be negotiate. as the if he should just fight until he does stop missed his power. in january of six sixty one. the dissidents and army decided to try to wrest power from the elite. they plan to assassinate. and as. the governor of egypt. but their conspiracy ended with only one victim ali

the cut. off to three decades the first chapter. of the russian to the right to god. was. gonna say that they never do it. would mean. really any denia delaying the shots that he a c.n.c. while we have been answered yet when at the end the c.s.l. not. allowed to buy shoes. at the. law we emerged triumphant establishing the almighty caliphate. a new dentist no longer primarily religious. the caliphate now begun

to look more like a model. in the ruins of on the job in eastern eleven a. once thought to be by some time roman the city was in fact built by domain. they had adopted the architectural style of the boys on timers along with the structures of imperial rule. but under the old numbers this whole place you see a busy water one hundred can all at the last though and when the mahatma dissolved thinking put out the real fight is it for us or the one in the main the hut they

have no desire mostly definitely but there's a much finer food and the it is abundant. before and it got enough to where solid insert. under maja the caliphate changed its form. and as a king would have done he named his son years eve as his successor. the early caliphate was not dynastic people were chosen by being designated by fact creators sesa or by groups and he consulted amongst themselves so it was if you like elective in the least this possible sense of the word and that's have a first for cain if so which chosen by for a consensus of the only muslim community.

became color from his father's death in sixty eight. his rule was to plunge the states into another civil war. in medina the first couple to powerful figures in the most and community were beginning to build strong opposition to his ear. particularly important examples are abdullah the son of the bear who were challenged ali in the first civil war also hussein the son of ali who had been kailash during the first civil war he also resisted the call for a pledge of allegiance to his ear. to signal his rejection of years it's kind of. a scene left medina for. from there he set off for coup for former stronghold of his father.

but in october sixth eighty here in karbala iraq has its forces truck and killed hussein and most of the members of his family. none the less opposition to a made rule was far from over. and done remains a pair refused to pledge allegiance to the scene he described himself as the one who seek sanctuary in god's house and went to mecca sought refuge there easy decided to send an army against up to ribbons of bad but after a bit of the bear was saved by the premature death of years and at that moment in six eight three he proclaimed himself. meanwhile in damascus ma you know the second son of yours he was installed that's

the third kind of of the my dentist. but within a few weeks he died leaving no son no successor a power vacuum seized on by the rival caliph and. yet the model that. let the. beloved exhibit such as that how will bob the cover a lot of the. iraq. welcome back i need. to see. a man the jordanian capital. city overlooked by the remains of a bison tynecastle. and the palace of the main government.

the tribes of jordan with a loss to stay loyal to the mites. in six eighty four a tribal gathering held here shows marwan as a new in my youth kind of. and it was his son malik would reunite the islamic state under the firm rule of the almighty it's. the dome of the rock. jerusalem's most recognizable lung. built on the olders of the in my youth caliphs optimistic this is the third holiest sites in islam. but at the time the two most holy sites the mosques of mecca and medina lay in the

hands of the almighty its rival calif it was obeyed. in six ninety one as a judge a ruthless a made general set off for islam's holiest place with a powerful army. sent him to seach to mecca and defeat even sabbat perhaps because i'm dumb i can self didn't want to be too closely associated with the damage to the shrine. i was just put on the scene. and a desperate miserable. shelter in the slums most sacred shrine. the kaaba. but the hijazi was not to be deterred and bombarded with a couple. after eight months of determined resistance.

that mr bear was killed and last ditch fighting. was stopped by the medic when my one and you were eight though he did know that it's not me yet mother left and jenny that was a new age she has at the had me second in line why barack at the foot too high woman just sad to see about that said yeah the many women ran the admin at the un i don't believe. after two decades this kind. the legacy of stability to the sun. and that foundation. would build a still great and park. the

capital of modern morocco. it was here in seven zero eight that the armies of the un made calif and reached the atlantic coast. after more than fifty years of fierce resistance by local berber tribes the muslims had finally conquered the whole of north africa all. got our way before i don't mean that you want to fight or win and this out of one of his that met the crowd water avoid a shut up where the shade. having been conquered the berbers discovered that the slam had much to offer. and began to convert and assimilate. one of them. thought of. was about to write his name in history.

thought. the mountain of thought. gibraltar. southern tip of the iberian peninsula. it was here in the spring of seven hundred and eleven torics army of berbers landed after crossing the mediterranean. in the inside three years he had toppled the visigoths rulers. and secured almost total control of the peninsula turning it into a colorful province known as under lucio. power about me when i can all mostly one public the army doesn't f. a did in here did. the other thing a did and he did not follow. along with the great

conquests in europe there was more success in asia. muslim armies began advancing towards what is today pakistan afghanistan and the central asian republics. within ten years they had reached the borders of china. had built the biggest empire yet no. as you know has iemma entity commander general many military i mean us. commander general. we ness of. command to their fullest coverdell minister thirty. toss me my lies while you nada he had a few thoughts on him but. unlike

the traditions of earliest. the walls of foresight ombre in the jordanian desert are painted in a by sometimes style. here is depicted not as a religious figure but as an emperor. in just ten years he had made himself the most powerful man on earth. but the successes would struggle to retain that power. the peyronie's. the don't sing natural barrier between spain and france.

in seven thirty two under the command of up the russian monitors off of the governor of under lucio. them forces across these mountains into french territory. seemingly unstoppable they advance north capturing one city after another. on the left the unity and it's look it's as if you. need to be hugged. and at ease and know. when it's had. a good outcome is to me here. the day of the new i mean. on this field to the north of the front city of what you. did france in troops were

stopped by frankish army under shop mock that. the muslims were defeated and their commander up to rahmani kill. muslims remember this battle of the martyrs dog. but european history knows it as the battle of tools. of victory that stopped the northern spread of islam and saved pristine europe. it then came to symbolize for later historians in particular for the great english historian edward gibbon he saw it as a decisive turning point in the battle between europe and the muslim world and he famously said that if it hadn't been for. charles martel and sure we would now be

preaching the koran in oxford. this defeat in europe in the reign of the tenth of may it calif a sham brought an end to a my youth invincibility. and just as his palace in jericho palestine lies in ruins today. is shams death in seven forty three through the whole state into chaos. after almost two years of all made family infighting over the caliph it won the second emerged as the fourteenth and last in my youth calendar. for my javelin few in my one been one hundred my one been a mad gun a. does a talk well i guess that they are and the yorkie.

absolved by his efforts to contain trouble at the heart of the state the new caliph was oblivious to grave events unfolding in the east. a rather mysterious leader whose remember by the name of a muslim was calling for pledges of allegiance to the prophet's family and he managed to draw a substantial following from eastern iran into an army to oppose a minor role. the rebel army marched westward and captured coup for in iraq. in november seven forty nine here in the city's mosque by on the oath of allegiance was given to the first a bus in calif. they proclaimed a man as if called abu allah. and he was

a descendant of one of the prophet muhammad's uncles and he based his claim to the caliphate on that kinship with the prophet mohammed. in january seven fifty. on the banks of the zab river in iraq the oh my that's led by their kind of what i want for their last battle against the us at all . after a heavy defeat marwan escaped westwards. that summer of the year seven fifty he was killed by the a bus. after nineteen years in power you might caliph it had been brought to an end. why the mayans lost power and what exactly happened in the aussie revolution is a difficult question but it seems to be related to this ongoing sense that the

prophets family had a right to rule the kayleigh fight and this was a problem of the a my it's never really successfully contained. some muslims believe that the caliphate should always have remained strictly within the prophet's bloodline. this belief would lead to the biggest splits in the history of islam. a split which is still exploited to this day. the centuries old divide. between sunni and shia.

a story fourteen hundred years in the making. a story of succession and the leadership. as josie that tells the story of dispute and division of the hall of an empire. the caliph episode two on a jersey. how i would go yet most now in the full cost across north america we have seen some

lovely conditions spring like weather that in today say this is the cherry blossom has been blooming quite nicely over the past few days are we going to see something of a change as we go on through the next twenty four to forty eight hours or so some of that blossom may suffer from the effects of failing some frosty add diving its way out of canada down into the central plains right the way across into the eastern seaboard so temperatures getting up to around twelve celsius and they see as we go on through sas they notice some snow on allocating flag to say the wintry weather still in the mix for the south some really heavy rain possible to see some severe storms coming into the southeastern corner of the us funny downpours certainly a possibility maybe even the odd tornado some pretty wet weather also making its way northern parts of california the rain stretches its way up into the pacific northwest and then you can see at times the snow over the mountains makes as well little for the race was a snow sliding out of the rockies back into the central plains by just guys come

back into the east coast but i mean nine celsius in d.c. so not really feeling too spring like but at least the sun will be out sun's out across the caribbean loss of fine and sunny weather with a few showers to come the hispania. the scene for us whether online what is a very nice time in yemen that peace is always possible but it never happens not because the situation is complicated but because no one cares or if you join us on sat there are people that are choosing between buying medication and eating this is a dialogue i want to get in one more comment because this is someone who's an activist who's close to the story joined the global conversation at this time on al-jazeera.