the school. still. going places together. the scene for us where on line what is american sign in yemen that peace is always possible but it never happens not because the situation is complicated but because no one cares or if you join us on sat there are people there are choosing between buying medication and eating this is a dialogue i want to get in one more comment because this is someone who's an activist just posted a story join the global conversation at this time on al-jazeera.

oh you're watching al-jazeera arms the whole robin these are all top news stories russian foreign minister sergei lavrov says moscow has proof that last saturday's suspected chemical attack in syria was staged with the help of foreign agents to strengthen an anti russia campaign moscow is urging the u.s. to wait for results from the international fact finding team currently in syria. said holder has more from beirut on the latest developments inside syria. chemical weapons inspectors have arrived in the syrian capital damascus they are expected to start their fact finding mission tomorrow saturday specters from the organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons they're going to be heading to that town where the site of the alleged chemical weapons attack happened they're going to inspect and investigate and come up with their findings but already there are concerns that. the evidence has already been tampered with simply

because there is a new authority on the ground now under the control of the syrian government and its allies and when that alleged attack happened it was under the control of the rebels now the mandate is to determine whether or not the chemical weapons attack actually happened it is not in its mandate to apportion blame so the question is will this fact finding mission be enough to stave off the possibility of strikes against the syrian government or is the u.s. president trump waiting for the findings of the w.b. for taking a decision on what he wants to do against the syrian government in retaliation for that alleged attack but there is no doubt tensions have eased somewhat there have been behind the scenes contacts we know that turkey has been involved in trying to open a communications channel between the united states and russia because the situation is very dangerous and they want to avoid a direct confrontation between russia and the united states now the syrian government's allies hezbollah for example the lebanese group hezbollah which fights

alongside the lebanese government they do not believe that these strikes are going to leave lead to a wide scale attack in fact they believe these strikes if they do happen will not change the balance of power on the ground because the government has the upper hand on the ground and the rebels are in no position to take advantage of these strikes and launch any counter offensive thousands of palestinians on friday approaches the illegals in israel border fence several people have already been injured by israeli fire at the border demonstrations palestinians could be seen hurting stones towards the border. and even pulling out of the barbed wires calling this friday's protest flag burning day thirty palestinians have been shot and killed by the israelis in past administrations. pakistan's former prime minister nawaz sharif has been banned from politics for life five supreme court judges made the ruling earlier on friday the ones whose been elected and removed as prime minister three times since the one nine hundred ninety s. was charged with corruption last year. from islamabad and.

by bloggers on supremum court now why should he if they're qualified for life from becoming member of parliament from conducting the election or heading of the pakistan muslim league. the word added dime when the. question asked to read the particular ban. for time frame or beyond that supreme court making it clear that anyone found guilty of violating their constitutional laws which were dangerous to or near he and integrity were. qualified for life point man for the pakistan muslim league their ruling party. done people would be relieved that a prime minister who are already facing serious allegations and already an accountability court much qualified for life chinese president xi jinping has

attended what the government says are the biggest naval drills in the disputed south china sea walls and ten thousand personal seventy six hundred some forty eight warships took part in this latest falls comes at a time of heightened tensions with the u.s. over fears of a trade war and washington's increased involvement with taiwan which china claims as its own territory those were the headlines and back with more news in thirty minutes next al-jazeera it's after the kailash. the caliph are. a form of rule in a slam. that lasted for almost thirteen centuries.

from the death of the prophet muhammad. to the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph in one thousand nine hundred twenty four. the arabic ten for twenty eighth twenty five which actually in essence simply means a successor or and deputy. the ruler of the islamic world would call himself confederacy when no successor goatse mostly. through the centuries. the title of caliph is a term that has been used. by the time of use. in june two thousand and fourteen. in militant group calling itself the islam ecstacy and iraq in the levant or i so. declared the establishment of a caliphate. they call rejected by most muslims around the world.

i still took root them expanded in iraq and syria. two countries plunged into violence by the political turmoil and foreign intervention of recent years. the turmoil revived sectarian differences the goldbach for ten centuries between sunni and shia almost. to the look of you don't look at them as us yes you're not the only thing that what. if he'd been the son i just miss not talking football to son it all took his assessment a little bit about the problem of you know as a human you know. this is the story of the great split within islam. of how the split a rose from a dispute of who should succeed the prophet muhammad.

this is the story of the common. the by our mosque. outside mecca and saudi arabia.

it was here in the year six twenty two that a delegation from the town of medina made by on a pledge of support and shelter to the prophet muhammad. shortly after he left mecca. and mcgrady to medina with a group of followers. over the next ten years muhammad built the first islamic state. but in june sixth thirty two the prophet died in his capital medina. leaving the young state without a leader. there's

a tradition that says that the muslims on that day were like sheep on a rainy night they were frightened and huddling together and it's not clear whether or not the prophet had made any plans for his succession. within hours of the prophet's death senior figures in the most in community came to. whether to choose a successor to the prophet a caliph. the debate was long and intense. it was the emigrants from mecca was on. the was chosen to be the first caliph in islam. and it was so with that i will leave him alone but about the muscle was so with it

deni. that a belly laugh and with. food well home their men the value to him and how there was. but though they were from his tribe. not only immigrants were from the prophets close family the hashemites. the descendants of muhammad's great grandfather passion. at that time in our society the family was understood as a much larger unit lateral lines uncles brothers cousins and so long all considered to be part of the clan. senior among the hashemites was a highly mahomet's cousin husband of his one surviving don't fall to mother and father of the prophets only living grandson has. undone hussein.

but when the decision to choose the caliph was taken i was busy elsewhere. at the time of the prophets death we know that he was ali who was in charge of the barrel arrangements. as a jew to full respectful son and all cousin with caring for the prophet's body. the next day in the medina mosque i will walk was given by on the oath of allegiance by the majority of the muslim community. ali however was not one of them. what happened that day but saw the seeds of a political divide that would gradually evolve. into

a deep religious schism. the division of a slam. into soon and she. if you ask a sunni or shia muslim about that moment of mohammed's death and the decision about the leadership you will get two very different aunts as the sunnies suggest that he hadn't actually made any clear plans for his succession on his death the shia would say that he had and that he was to be succeeded by his first cousin and son in law ali. three months before his death. the prophet muhammad made a famous speech here and he had the home. an ancient resting place on the route from mecca to medina. a speech that has been interpreted ever since in two very different ways.

all people of forms whoever i've been mustered. i live here is to be his mosque that. the support of whoever supports him. and then enemy of whoever opposes him. and they feared that through time. this is moment where if your sunni you believe the prophet. gave away the leadership of his family if. you believe he gave the leadership of the family but also the whole community. the prophet speech is celebrated by shia to this day. each year a feast is held on the anniversary to commemorate what shia see as muhammad appointing ali to be his successor.

but the mainstream majority. have no such priests. and no doubts about the legitimacy. and the caliphs who succeeded him. shortly after becoming calif. i will buck faced his first major challenge a tribal revolt against the islamic state. in this moment of peril. chose unity over division and gave the oath of allegiance to the color of. the man. back that

caffeine with that in more i.e. enter says shell i'm ok send. in a film s. and some that she had mostly mean. the whole. fee was she had a kettle and the kind of slam and the hole. at the bottom. of a box room lost at just two years. as he lay dying he nominated almost as a successor. ten years later and six forty four. on the second caliph was assassinated. while leading don't prayers in medina. on his deathbed. he

dictated how successor should be chosen. six of the closest companions of the prophet. would come forward together and choose one amongst. the four days of deliberation. was named the third caliph. once again. not been chosen. passed over by abu bakar. and then to him the man when he's. in favor of. the new caliph came from a family of the christ tribe called the oh-my utes. the founder i've always coveted the leadership of koresh standing in his way was his uncle hashem the patriarch of the hashemites.

this rivalry that put fester through the centuries. how that's roots in mecca decades earlier. in the pagan years before the birth of the slack. in the year six ten. in this cave outside mecca muhammad received the first revelation verses of the koran which set him on the path of prophecy. the emergence of a prophet among the hashemites antagonized the oh my it's. and their leader.

and. another now been as a bin man. and them a lot of that with a muzzle on. darwin a noble one of the men i know then. for twelve years the maids led a campaign of persecution against muhammad and his followers in mecca. persecution which culminated in their emigration to medina and six twenty two. but when the prophet returned to conquer america. and realized resistance was futile and joined slammed. by six forty four. the rising islamic state had expanded into

a vast empire. and the caliphate that come into the hands of an almighty. off months. with man was a genius but he employed far too many of his young cousins to me odds where they are stick rat of mecca and they'd been great leaders the pagan resistance and soap or making these characters who were his lovely cousins was also you know a bad political position. a rebellion erupted against off man's alleged nepotism. in six fifty six. and after twelve years as kind of. he was killed and his house in medina. by the un has. a sufficient lead what was it then him and then that's the half of that in a how when and. how and

when i can buy that that it was had to and i must the hutton islamiya the wily and yes that he. was a yahoo has you all know when saddam. almost a quarter of a century after the death of the prophet. ali finally became the fourth kind of. who are bashed up to be. the in our you know me about it with my name in a fan that it bothers him. within my been abusive. a sham. many of us moms relatives were hostile it's all his leadership i'm always demanded that all the hundred of the killers. the dispute quickly escalated.

and to strengthen his position i removed the capital from medina to his own power base in kuwait from iraq. because nomic state was now divided into. the east under hushing my calif and the west under i know my governor. and the you should fit in which. she and the. shia. it was always it would be a new enough and that could limit she. meant that mo had done when the american that. his ship for did what they put.

in six fifty seven. ali marched his army into syria to crush the mob yes mutiny. off to days of bloody skirmishes and on the last day of the bottom. the army of malia was on the first show of defeat. in my mind and i'm also that famous malia. malia. there that it can. kind of initiative i don't. know who was. kind of slots in another i have got to look out of water when the heads up when i can hold a company that well that it can color that it's little enough. to know who. covered the months achin night at the home a month at the time they have got to be mad and then look at you know. these

dissidents from ali's army how it is fixed on a roof this way to bring an end to the struggle. the moment it was chosen fresh dawn prayers of the twenty seventh of january sixth sixty one. the seventeenth day of the holy month of ramadan. three assassins made their way to three different places to fight for ali damascus for. maja and forestall to egypt from ma yes. other the us saw this in the office look at the wall of the surf and saw the finale of the horse that could help or teddy especially when they. wobble.

not just in iraq. a holy place to sheol most of us. they believe is buried here. for them is more than a color if. he has any man. imbued with religious authority it could be passed on only through his bloodline. so when i least that the caliphate passed to his older son. but he would not be long in the post. can the system do fifteen hour they can and no lame kinda cool in iraq. a joy there's a lot while we have there's a lot of media with the and yet the now as it has an even highly and even

hillary well governor has a and i do. one at the as i know of of his yes you know. damascus. thirteen centuries ago the my you capital. though the caliphate remained in the garage tried. it had passed from the hashemites to oh my yes. and there it would remain for the coming century. the crunch point really comes late in not always rain when he designated his son. as his successor and this was a real touch point for generating controversy and opposition.

is each succession on the death of malia and six eight. triggered the series of events that resonate to this day. in a defiant show of opposition hossein younger son of ali refused to pledge allegiance to his ear and set off towards mecca on pilgrimage. on the way. he began to receive messages asking him to come to iraq. where his supporters plan to install a scholar. he gathered together his family and decided to move to confront his father's. former capital. unfortunately for sane

his plan got to the a myatt governor of iraq and he was able to block his route to the city of kuta and so hussein was trapped without substantial military support at a place called tabbouleh. and it was at karbala in october six eighteen that hussien and his small band of supporters met their bloody fate. in makati team. in middle of folly when the. men had met to a. yanni at a mad war well how to do it at the. bottom of the sword in their image that i see that. he and his entourage many of his family were massacred and his head was sent to his ied in damascus.

each year on the anniversary of the battle of karbala. around the world marked the event in public displays of penitence and. extending sometimes even to ritual self punishment. to atone for their forebears failure to support the law saying. it's really seen as the great tragedy of islam from the she respective this is vic the great disaster is that the prophets family didn't get to take caliphate into leeds muslims. but seventy years after karbala. the revolt would finally succeed in bringing the caliphate back to the family of the prophet. the hotshots.

he ruled for nearly half a century a controversial political figure in the cauldron of the middle east and one who was never far from crisis at home or abroad. in a two part series al-jazeera world tells the story of cain her say of joint. episode one survivor on al-jazeera. fifty three member states and one night comic figurehead as leaders of the commonwealth descend on london for its biennial meeting al-jazeera asks how much does the commonwealth matter in today's world and where does it go after queen elizabeth follow the commonwealth heads of government meeting on al-jazeera.

you want your knowledge is there i'm still robin these are all top news stories russian foreign minister sergei lavrov says moscow has proof that last saturday's suspected chemical attack in syria was staged with the help of foreign agents to strengthen an anti russia campaign moscow is urging the u.s. to wait for results from the international fact finding team currently in syria the start season which i would advise the us to wait for results because the old b c w commission and the pressure from russia and the syrian government has left for serious that they will be in duma what are specialists couldn't find any chemical weapons chlorine or whatever being used we have irrefutable evidence that it was another staged event at the hands of security services of a state which is very eager to be on the front lines of the russia phobic campaign thousands of palestinians are out for a third friday of protests along the gaza israel border fence several people have

already been injured by israeli fire at the border demonstrations palestinians could be seen or heard in stones towards the border and lighting tires on fire even pulling at the barbed wire fence there calling this friday's protest flag burning day more than thirty palestinians have been shot and killed by the israelis in past demonstrations to south asia now where pakistan's former prime minister nawaz sharif has been banned from politics for life five supreme court judges made the ruling early on friday sharif has been elected and removed as prime minister three times since the one nine hundred ninety s. was charged with corruption last year. striker's president has suspended parliament for a month amid a growing rift with the prime minister supporters of the president and. civic center voted for a no confidence motion against prime minister but o'neill worker there were a single last week but was defeated lawmakers loyal to the prime minister have

since threatened to quit the coalition are pressuring the president to resign chinese president xi jinping has attended what the government says are the biggest naval drills in the disputed south china sea china's latest show of force comes at a time of heightened tensions with the u.s. over fears of a trade war and washington's increased involvement with taiwan which china claims is its own territory those were the headlines and back with the al-jazeera news i and thirty minutes next we're back to the case. at home i'm a southern jordan. in

the eighth century it was a settlement of one of the two major branches of the hashemites. the prophet's own family of the christ tribe. known as the bus its these were descendants of a law bus one of muhammad uncles the other branch where the eyelets descended from. the prophet's cousin and son in law. and seven sixteen abdulla one of the eyelets arrived in and how my name a with a strange story. had i thought any been at you thought it must rot i live in almost any silly man up to the minute of the matter who had. well see i would if. you know what i shall be and i'm.

some minister they met. our beloved died tonight for my mom. but in his final hours he confessed to his our bus a cousin muhammad that he was the head of a plot to topple my it's. not a do. is be a living i'm a little luck of and he had to sit dumbly min and me in the living into someone that even i meet but in a best. home a limb you really know me and then i'm going to. walk in the my little realise i'm gonna shout and shout home free b. day live we have i mean the mohammed. over the next thirty years this message persuaded many islet shias to join the bus

it goes. in seven forty six. the secret movement turned into full blown revolution in the eastern part of the islamic empire and what is today the shia state of iran. it's very very hard to say whether the abbasids used the attic. they certainly wanted to accrue as wide a support base as they possibly could and they were certainly wanted those who supported and k. live to join them movement. within three years the a bus it's had captured coup for. the colorful capital of ali. it was in this mosque that the name and identity of the caliph in waiting were

finally revealed. they proclaimed a man as if called abu allah. and he was a descendant of one of the prophet mohammed uncles and he based his claim to the caliphate on that kinship with the prophet mohammed. and seven fifty. bastards and to damascus the capital of the mighty mighty it states. the largest empire yet you know. but in the years to come they would struggle to maintain the unity of the vast state they now controlled.

by the mid century the bus and said seize control of the caliphate but that little for their cousins. a sense of betrayal to cold and fermented among the islands. in a bold and dangerous move they declare the rival caliphate in medina. and i busted army was rushed to the city. its roof to sleep crushing the rebellion. in the midst of the but deluded enough but she knew of it and. as the moment they let the assault of a. and they had let the corn up the minute little minute to libby. as she had been at low enough she.

the sun now bus it's consolidated their dominance of the center of the state from their newly built capital but that. but they had failed to exert the same control over the provinces of the far west. in seven fifty six and all made fugitive prince called abdulrahman reached under lucio. only six years after the collapse of his grandfather's caliph and. he succeeded in reviving your maid in a city with go to. as its capital. and

them up as a moment over that will send to them what you want to be done is not a hold of the defense if you must come up obviously done on your own don't you know another. one and i bet you know more the simple thing i thought when i was on the other hand the i'm not enough of a club doesn't fit out of these that is there me or the gulf and that was. the old maid and the written under sia was the first to break from the caliph it. but it would not be the last. soon another states at the western edge of the muslim world and the magic would break away from their bus routes. and this time it would be their own cousins the islets. but at the canal of the sort i don't know if.

and when that it must look in the event i don't because they don't have a tough talk let's. just say no and. i'll be. in seven eighty eight degrees and alledge fugitive arrived here in the moroccan city of my will a decent whom. a city that now carries his name. recognizing him as a descendant of the prophet's local burma tribes were quick to offer him their oath of allegiance as ruler of the region. and so was born the at the recent emirates the first independent state. that is how. you'll get

until the. so. what. if. i did and. the. end of that may have been that but might it. but with the new and expanding state just three years old it to be nice guy. he was laid to rest here in the city that still bears his name. it greece had allegedly been poisoned on the orders of harun al-rashid. the most famous soviet bus of caliphs.

the statue of shah e r and shot has said in back that. the two main characters of one thousand and one nights. legendary stories inspired by the opulence of harun al-rashid scored. the golden age of the a bus in calif it. but that a spot but you got to do nia then who had it in bed you know. that the. a few. could not. or could one day see an island the bad island where that excitement.

under the. scholars began the great task of transcribing and translating the cultural and scientific works of former civilizations. encouraged and supported by the abbas of caliphs. muslims began adding their own scholarship to the stock of human knowledge. laying the groundwork for europe's run assaults and centuries to come. in siena or the west gnosis and the center had written not only philosophical texts but also a very important treatise on medicine was translate into latin became the standard textbook for european medical schools for centuries. but the golden age of the a bus its was destined to be short lived. in eight thirty

six the eighth about. that kind of a not awesome move his capital here to some era in iraq. it was also to be a military base for the caliphs new army. an army of turkic mercenaries. toughened by life on the steps of central asia. an army. that would soon erode the power of the caliphs. by the hour i'm certain i will be yet dad she and i say and i'm a sigh and there are more of a day when i better see how you like that martha sim milat that iraq was wow home. and know of with an ak eighty. eight forty seven here and some era. turkic army commanders installed a motto a kill as the tenth of

a bassett calif. and for a century to come. they would effectively root the caliphate. appointing deposing torturing and even killing a string of twelve caliphs who were little more than puppets. yanni. me was sherry at. the above us but you know what's even worse what. the caliphate really had become a symbol and had no effective power anymore and in the muslim world we had a motive of different political regimes in the various reaching from the us today

spain to this continent often this period is seen as a period of decline because of these political divisions. but it wasn't just a matter of the slow fracturing of the state. as its western edge and new threat was on the rise. this small town on the two newseum coast would soon emerge as the seat of a rival caliphate. and this new caliph would not be sunny. but she. it on heartland of shiite islam in the modern world. today shia make up around fifteen percent of the global muslim population of more than

one and a half million. in their belief it is the title of the man and not calif that confers the right to rule. the vast majority of shia in the world are known as twelve years. they follow a hear read a terry line of twelve a man's descended from the prophet's cousin and his wife fatimah the prophet's daughter. a line ending with the last eman al maddy. the twelve or she belief holes that are maddy disappeared in some era and eight seventy four. he will reemerge at the end of the world as the ultimate savior of mankind. you know she has been in

the mimic them a human being has shia. militia it was here the clue to look. here with if he should live that a shrewd maneuver that he for people whom. were bit thirty feet in the in. for the better will she be well a shuttle or a tease. but this holy commandment was no protection against a deep divide than shia belief. calls him a mosque that. the shrine of the man who marks the division of she has him into two strands. it is the tomb of the seventh of the twelve years in man's. who died here in the year seven ninety nine.

of those however dispute his status. they consider the real seventy man to be his brother. they came to be known as a smiley. the two over. which additionally. not interested or did not strive to take political power because they believed that they were waiting for the return of the maya the so that at that point the righteous regime would be installed and anything in between would basically have risen to rule and in this land. but for the ismaili shia. there was to be no waiting for the return of the man. by the late nineteenth century. there preaching the taken root among the berber tribes in north africa. a new movement was on the rise. with this

roots firmly in the shia tradition. added an outward i. had a. very definite. goal i'd been a couldn't sleep and the thought of often. yet again for assess how dekha that what you may. have a what a community added bait. in the year nine hundred the nine in cairo on tunisia. all by the law a man claimed to be a descendant of a smile was declared the caliph of the first ever shia caliphate. it would be known as the phantom in. after the fall to my daughter of the prophet

muhammad. an ancestor of all the men. the concept of the ismaili caliphate is completely different from the abbas that kind of thing because of the claim to divine inspiration and divine guidance which the fatah needs put forward they certainly developed institution which was theoretically completely different from the us that. the fatah meds now began to expand their state westwards into the market. but this would lead to a clash with another major muslim power. and soon the islamic world would find itself in a surreal position. by

nine hundred twelve they were made emirates in under a sia was over a century and a half old. ruled from cordoba by the eighth m.e.u. . the third. after crossing all rebellions. and uniting under the sea and he looked towards expanding southwards across the mediterranean. yes banishment of the fucking caliphate what is no. one to us conflict here that that meant a big threat for them i guess terms of the political control of the body but

that existed in india. to strengthen his position. in nine twenty nine. the rahman declared the under the sea an emirate an independent almighty caliphate. three centuries on from the founding of the title the islamic world was now divided between three colors to sony and one. the ultimate result of that really was a decline in the value put on the notion of the caliphate itself so it leads to huge rifts politically speaking within the community as well as the religious differences that these different caliphate signal.

in but that the suffering of the abbas of caliphs continued under turkish military domination. but by the mid tenth century a new force had emerged. the boy or. a persian then a city. but an end to turkish control of the caliphate. but no boy was home. when my baloch up. live and all. she there is a man there in that i'm old and look at the american warner well no lovable and of the i'll have a sunni when i'm on the ground going to become clear we're going to. we're still what's to come for the our bassett's. and nine sixty nine

a phantom it on me captured egypt. three years later the forefront the macallan and moyes abandoned his capital match the tunisia and headed east. for the next two centuries the newly built city of cairo which serves as the seat of the shia are kind of. the fatah it's considered back caliphate universal so ideally they wanted to expand that palace from their original base in north africa back into each it on into syria and ultimately to encompass the whole islamic well they weren't able to achieve that and will instead happened in the tenth century was the islamic world became divided between a number of different caliphate. meanwhile

in the west. a storm was gathering. christians uniting under the banner of the cross. were looking eastward to conquer the holy lands. and. the approaching struggle could not have come at a worse time for a divided muslim world. and for the caliphs or at their weakest point as they turned to face the crusades.

a story fourteen hundred years in the making. a story of success and leadership. tells the story. of venus. and. the count of. three. from flowing in winds to an enchanting desert breeze.

some cold of a quater weather pushing into service over the next couple of days of upright has seen some very wet weather with this area of cloud making its way through when's coming in for more of a sollie directions of want to say has had a rather eighteen celsius and crisps i call it further north will see some sherry ranges pushing up because as a society than the usual crop of showers right across the amazon basin and notice the opposition across into these the sort of peru and ecuador over the next couple of days and more big downpours coming in here further south want to show is that to the southeast of brazil maybe edging the out into europe wide temper just recovering a little for want to say was getting up to around twenty celsius other side of the andes santiago gets up to twenty eight degrees and here it does stay fine and dry finally try to cross a good part of the caribbean the usual tropical showers for some more sunshine and shouts is absolutely glorious for the nice pahlavi weather here want to show us a notice and say the dominican republic maybe into the. as well for

a time the show's edge in little further east was too bad casio challenge to make a kingston thirty one degrees meanwhile we got some very very lively showers making the way across southern parts of the u.s. over the next couple of days with the possibility of tornadoes. the weather sponsored by cat time piece. stories of life. and inspiration. and series of short documentaries from around the wilds were that celebrate the human spirit. against the odds with. al-jazeera selects hunted.