and inspiration. a series of short documentaries from around the world that celebrate the human spirit against beyond. al-jazeera cinematic gangs. coming to. the. club. was. enough just to hold out that whether someone telling someone has been read it doesn't matter we think it's how you approach an official and that's what it is a sudden we're doing it you can't just inject a story and die out. hello

again i'm dennis in doha and these are the top stories here at al-jazeera north korea's official news agency says the country will stop all new clear and into the continental ballistic missile tests the moving please shutting down its main nuclear testing site japan's defense minister though says the announcement shouldn't lead to any easing of international pressure on pyongyang kathy novak has the latest from seoul. a significant shift in policy apparently coming out of north korea the state news agency casey in a says the leader kim jong un chaired a meeting of the central committee of the workers' party and indicated that north korea will stop missile and nuclear tests and shut down its nuclear test site in the north of the country kim jong un said the shift will now be towards developing north korea's economy because the nuclear weapons program has been completed this has been a welcome development according to the south korean government which is preparing

for a meeting between south korea's president in and kim jong un just next week it was also welcomed by donald trump in a tweet but the japanese defense minister has reacted cautiously saying now is not the time to ease pressure on north korea palestine's ambassador to the u.n. has called for an independent investigation into israel's use of force some protests as it comes after four palestinians including a fifteen year old boy but killed by israeli gunfire in another day of demonstrations on girls as border if in funerals for the latest casualties from gaza ben smith reports. they've become a feature of the weekly palestinian confrontations with israel's military this friday the wind was with the protesters as clouds of smoke from burning tires drifted over israeli positions. but it's not enough to stop israel snipers and volleys of tear gas. others who you might think would be put off after

previous experiences have instead come back for more muscle to show that i don't care about the injury even if i lose my legs this will not stop me coming back what happened here what people often reminded of the battle calls we've come here to get our right of return and a lot of the blue states. but in. this with giving. something under the. hood to say my enthusiasm and to inspire the young guys to continue their struggle. as he does every week hamas is a leader in gaza yassin was visited the protests prime target for israeli snipers he'd have been easily spotted by the drones above was protected by the crowds below on. this friday the compass moved three hundred meters closer to israel their

mission is that when these protests climax on may the fifteenth these times will be the border between gaza and israel but after four weeks no demonstrations there's been nothing in the way of concessions from the israelis that would improve the daily life of palestinians living in gaza. al-jazeera scars. syrian rebels have reportedly agreed to withdraw from the last area near the capital that's not under government control the army is continuing to bombard the played in south damascus until a full surrender is reached it means president asaad is in his strongest position since the early stages of the seven year war. south africa's president cyril ramaphosa has become the mediator in growing protests in northwest province demonstrators are demanding jobs better housing roads and hospitals they're also calling for the resignation of the regional leader whom they accuse of corruption

the president cut short his trip to the u.k. to deal with the unrest there is in zimbabwe have protested against the sacking a sixteen thousand of their colleagues who'd been on strike hundreds of workers took part in the peaceful demonstration in the capital harare earlier this week thousands of nurses walked out of a poor conditions and unpaid allowances right there is the headlines let's have a look now at the calif. the caliphate. a form of rule in islam. that lasted for almost thirteen centuries. from the death of the prophet muhammad.

to the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph in one thousand nine hundred twenty four. the arabic ten for caylee is twenty five which actually in essence simply means a success at all or a deputy. the ruler of the islamic world would call himself clifford resort in law the success of god's message. through the centuries. the title of caliph is a term that has been used. in the time of use. in june two thousand and fourteen a militant group calling itself the islamic state in iraq and the levant or ice or . declared the establishment of a caliphate. i call rejected by most muslims around the world.

i so reached into the pause to appropriate the. group claimed its leader abducted by the dead. as a descendant of the prophet muhammad's own tried. to walk into an article put a show on a can of one out of a flush. that could have been offered and out of a flash usually they have shot b.-o. would be maybe if you'd have a look. this is the story of how the title of caliph began in the prophet's tribe. and how nine centuries later the title was used by people of a different race. our different dynasties rosenfeld. ending with the decline of the ottoman caliphate.

this is the story. of the caliph. saudi arabia. the holiest city. it was here in the spring of the year five seventy one but muhammad the prophet of islam was born into a family belonging to

a tribe called what you. will waste land and the land more covered less as i am of the just a lot of me you know how to just get out of it. what i can that. modifies the as well be that then i will be what i use gonna die if not i'm going to gamble up up. sixty one years later. my homage died in medina the capital of the new islamic states. with his death in the problem of who should be successor. one thing simply are the new kind of hard to come from the prophets trying. they had the infant the milky i doubt i'll be in a lucky ad the. lack in how the us and the up to have a shot of your own womb is emmanuel it's no me other than

a feeling what it once was and can i don't but i must know buffy is only that if you listen. for three hundred years after the prophets death the caliphate remains strong. but by the mid tenth century. the most of the road had front. divided now between three colors all three descendants of koresh. and centuries to come one by one. each of those three kind of fits would crumble and fall. short.

of the spain. competent of the under the sea into my youth kind of. this is the way you did history that drew from the mask. in the seventh and eighth century. the death of the second caliph. in the hof a century of chaos among members of his family. and ten thirty one the ninth and last minute callous the sham. was forced to stand down. i'm going to the most of the most. a look i'm unmoved because i'm in the thick of this larry without you know if you

don't listen but you know yes you know you've got it under those and said i'm going to answer some of. them is the you know full well. that out of. the eye of. the. across the mediterranean the forty minutes in cairo also fell victim to better info . in ten twenty one zero six colors and how can. mysteriously disappeared in the book at them hills outside his capital. his death almost certainly at the hands of his own family. would be the start of the fact that it's long claws. from the late eleventh century onward

farting in calif is increasingly losing control of affairs and that the political and military elites are starting to take over the state difficult. in baghdad. bassett's are suffering a similar thing. by the middle of the eleventh century mrs jewkes a rising turk in a city that seized control of the caliphate. and the government is allowed to ha certain i love the moon walk away and butt out what do you lack in the eleven via let me have a dollar why in the am i gonna shout son but. me was sherry. the subject rulers were the first to take the title so tong. and arabic words

meaning authority. and in the trials to come the defenders of islam. would be sold tons of non arab birth. class them all fronts. the statue of pope urban the second pointing east. in november ten ninety five from the city. he launched a christian campaign to recapture jerusalem and the holy land from the muslims. the crusades. there more was planned by

the pope to. be with you really so that his authority to declare war. and attend ninety six. the crusaders set out on arduous overland eastward journey. after three years of demanding travel and fierce battles. they finally reached their goal. and delight ten ninety nine kristie and it's captured jerusalem. there's a major massacre muslims died jews dead even some eastern christian. who the pins didn't recognize as christians died and the chroniclers from the crusaders

perspective present this is vengeance for the blasphemy that these saracens had done to the jesus's holy city of jerusalem. for not hof century sturdier jerusalem had surrendered to the second caliph of islam almost. but in ten months of knowing. as muslim saul to confront the marauding crusaders a slam faced a burning question where was the caliph. be a bastard it's at that point had no military thoughts which they could have sent the father caliphate they had lost their syrian lands to. local warlords so when they saw the crusaders coming in they probably were quite happy to

see that these was up us we're now facing a major problem with these clearly quite strong military contingency moving in from europe. large areas of the levant were occupied divided by the christians into four distinct fiefdoms. but after half a century of crusaders success muslim slowly began to fight back. but it was not the caliphs were led to fight. damascus syria. in the middle of the twelfth century this city was the capital of the zinc it's a turkish dentist founded by a man. the governor of northern living. in

eleven forty four he had secured the first muslim victory against the crusaders. well with him out of the heart hear him out of the saddle. we have an interest and that he intended. and to. be an enemy in kenya and know how to run. in eleven forty six. succeeded his father in the struggle against the crusaders and deliverance. two decades later he would be fighting over another crisis. also leaving the house of the so. all of the at in the fall to me when needed is in

key and you second dolphy watch out so me and the other settle ascended be sure to call whatever he can mature cool so little could be said. after five years i'm not so. sure cole noted dean's kurdish general succeeded both in defeating the crusaders and seizing control of the fata caliph. he was succeeded by his nephew salaheddine. a man known to the west a solid that. someone had even thought of his political career as the was leader of the falcons so he had to acknowledge the supremacy of the father he kept the foot two years. but in eleven seventy one.

is a lot switched his allegiance. bringing an end to a hop centuries of the faults of the caliphate. and the glaring egypt's loyalty to the opposite caliph in baghdad. why he said i didn't get this is that most certainly is that i've been had one problem that he had no legitimacy. so the main selling point for so he didn't throughout his career was about. the cost of jordan. one of the largest crusader forts in the levant. from this powerful position the crusaders began to harass muslim trade caravans threatening even make it so. so i've been unified

to syria and egyptian political landscape and the only remaining. you would polities with it was say the states so it was natural for them to move against them . in july eleventh eighty seven here in northern palestine but the place known as the horns of. solid dean's forces crushed the crusaders. for months later jerusalem surrender. this time not to an arab calif but to a kurdish soul talked. to some time machine but can you make any feel beautiful if. and if

a lot of bessie. looked at it. and i'm like a lot of different. check in. the defeat at the team was a turning point for the crusaders. driven back to a strip of my rainy and coastline. they consolidated their position with massive costs a strategic points like side eleven. but just as this threat to the islamic world was subsiding. a danger of even greater proportions was gathering strength. this time. in the east.

an ancient school in better. built by the ambassador. it was part of a desperate effort to recapture the golden age of the early our best caliph. in twelve forty two and most awesome succeeded his father as the thirty seventh caliph. but he would soon face a new danger. the approach of the moment since. the phased by the mongols over all was seen as the major turning point in the recent history and when the moments came there was a clear sense of. the way of holding things. they will continue.

in january twelve fifty eight. the mongols reached back then. within two weeks the us a capital of been brought to its knees. the caliph and the stasi was executed. the great city reduced to ashes. a five hundred year caliphate had come to an end. it was a moment that was but a watershed but also a confirmation of a situation which it actually existed for quite a long time. some scholars of og that it was of not any great significance because the real power of the apostates had faded away hundreds of years ago when they were

just sitting around in that baghdad's palace and that their existence had very little meaning for the majority of mr. islam was now in peril. the only remaining hope was the new soto's of egypt the man who looks. right at the slaves from central asia to form an army for the e.u. bits. they had supplanted some other demons dentist. in september twelve sixteen here at the in general in palestine. the men who call me but the mongols and that's. it was a decisive victory for the most. the member looks at save the muslim

world. and their tenuous legitimacy. was about to be struck. there was a member of the boston family who managed to escape from the slaughter in baghdad and make his way to cairo where the man lukes of egypt subsequently recognised his descendents as k.f.c. in cairo and derive benefits in the sea from this kind of shadow puppet caliphate. bolstered by the caliphs indorsement in twelve months you won. the man looks put an end to two centuries of christian crusades. aker. the last crusade the fortress on the mediterranean was captured.

meanwhile in anatolia a new muslim power was on the rise. a power which would carry the banner of islam to the gates of constantinople. in six twenty nine joining the life of the prophet muhammad. the first ever battle between muslims and by sun times took place here in. southern jordan. the fight ended with the muslims defeated and their withdrawal to medina. but the setback would be temporary. the progress great. size of constantinople

still beckoned. he stumbled into the pavement i found the miss that one measured fifty of these civilians that if one hundred costantini evelyn m.l.a. miriam and any measure. it is down you can only see the stumble to fit the did. you read arab geographers of the tenth and eleventh century constantinople is described as the apple the ultimate prize that someday muslims will win and often the taking of constant noble is presented almost apocalyptic terms as something that will bring on the final victory of islam. that final victory would fall to the ultimate ends the turkic most i'm trying to emigrate from central asia to settle in i'm told.

they get these a lot of that with a shot lot of mud the money of it the protestant on them at the beginning it died in it stumble is that in a quarter to that yet. then you stumble a little. in april fourteenth fifty three minutes on me they'd siege to the great city. seven weeks later the ultimate is battle their way to constantinople. and as the victorious. entered the city through this gate. an eight hundred year old prophecy had come to pos.

this involved importance was known to muslims and also for european christians suddenly one of the major capitals of kristen to become a muslim. but just as they tasted the fruits of victory. at the far end of the mediterranean. eight hundred years of muslim civilization. was about. to come crashing down. fast furious and sometimes fatal mongolia's child jockeys are risking their young lives riding to win are they being exploited in the name of tradition one of the nice investigators on al jazeera.

hello again i'm dennis in doha and these are the top stories here at al-jazeera north korea's official news agency says the country will stop own nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile tests the move includes shutting down its main nuclear testing site japan's defense minister there says the announcement shouldn't lead to any easing of international pressure on pyongyang kathy novak has law from seoul. about five years ago kim jong un had launched his signature policy where he had this jewel track of pursuing the nuclear weapons program of north korea and also promoting its economic development and now what he seems to be saying is that of the nuclear weapons program as far as he is concerned is complete and that will allow north korea to shift the focus to wardes developing the economy palestine's ambassador to the u.n. has called for an independent investigation into israel's use of force some

protests as it comes after four palestinians including a fifteen year old boy were killed by israeli gunfire in another day of demonstrations on the border syrian rebels have reportedly agreed to withdraw from the last area near the capital that's not under government control the army is continuing to bombard the old klav in south damascus until a full surrender is reached it means president assad is in the strongest position since the early stages of the seven year war south africa's president who are ram opposed to has become the mediator in growing protests in northwest province demonstrators are demanding better jobs housing roads and hospitals they're also calling for the resignation of the regional leader whom they accuse of corruption the president cut short his trip to the u.k. to deal with the rest. nurses in zimbabwe have protested against the sacking of sixteen thousand of their colleagues who've been on strike hundreds of workers took

part in the peaceful demonstration in the capital harare the us democratic party is suing the donald trump campaign and russia for alleged collusion in the tried to sixteen presidential election it accuses rusher of contacting trump's advisors informing them of a cyber attack that leaked negative information about his democratic rival hillary clinton roger today those are the latest headlines from us here at al-jazeera let's go back now to the caliph. young humber. a muslim citadel college.

one of spain's most famous moneyman says. for more than two and a half centuries this palace in granada was the scene of the last. the last muslim dynasty in the idea of insulin. sas a just one door pick and you already know not study the road it's listed up a nice welcome to the output radio there in. the court of the president out of all circles he will not get to a bow but he is on notice with other tonight i'm busy. in

the early eighth century. muslims conquered most of the idea and peninsula the province they called and that of sia. but the compering on me was on able to drive home their success. the remnants of the former rumors the physical fights took shelter in the mountains in the north. of the cult of them it's cool to look at if you want to show that it is when you allow. the d.-day academy to bits of the e.c. a lot of the. mountains of northern spain would become the cradle of new christy kingdom. thanks. kingdoms that would start a holy war not

a complete stop to reconquer by barry and peninsula and end what they saw as muslim capacious. last. can come on. that it's like us all going to look at that and did anyone see the illusion it's it can it's a conspiracy it is but we are. look at that a gun and do sonny and all had oh a minute to said no i mean the whole soul you know i mean it's how dad who can know i mean it so i did it. in ten thirty one after the folder made conason of quotable. under the sea a broke up into several minor city states. easy prey for the christian kingdoms. help was needed from across the mediterranean.

america's moral code. founded in the eleventh century as capital of the moral. the sperber dynasty and the success of. the young ones crossed the sea to under the sea and to confront the threats from the spanish christian kingdoms. done wonderful that i wanted to not miss duckett also if don't know that the hut that the mothers assemble to muddy. feet visit one of them within

a few minutes of those. let the leather the hamburger was the whole jihad if you defend one enough if you know that and then knows. the whole while the other one. for more than a century that it. was held at bay. until the year twelve hundred twelve when the christian kingdoms of custody. are gone and portugal united against them one. here east of call them. a battle took place which immortalized the name of this man for. us thomas thomas. and what forces for heaven he defeated by the united christie. and

has money to what has he must have missed what he did was to me different and that was that it got to have to this wasn't done in libya why not at the head that we all know that you know if it's not if i suburban he ought to build on what the op. he has even and i was in with the in a few mock of the above at a. pristine forces continue to press south once and by the late thirteenth century the muslim presence in spain was reduced to the tiny mouse with kingdom of granada. and the media who did what was team ready and made enough that any of the couple hook animals up to more of them by this was one of the typical gets in it's going to smoke. how do you need a new idea to win with. this animal it's

a world where they know you're doing it hope millen misdeeds is using it as the wow team. in fourteen ninety one united on these over two christian moments is a battle for custody and king for nanda ovata gone they'd siege to bring out the. muhammad the twelfth but not long sentence desperate your quest for help. but this time there was no answer. was. he. come.

in. with no sign of help appearing. the city surrendered to the spaniards. are on bottom up. her. son. come. in january fourteenth ninety two. the spanish and drum up.

on a computer stuff. was complete. then we sure. got off the. a minister who couldn't x. could not do well and. a father for that as he was. fourteen ninety two. marked the end of muslim rule in spain. that same year christopher columbus arrived back in grenada. he broke news of his discoveries to sponsor. isabel. a new word was about to open for the christian.

while the muslims were about to start fighting each other over an old title. the caliphate. fourteen fifty three. the stumble. no longer called constantinople. was made captain of the autumn and. an empire that already made inroads into christie in europe. but the soul tom was the remains lay here in this mosque of the different structure .

selim the first came to power in fifteen twelve. five years later he had toppled the mom look dentistry in egypt tripled the size of the ottoman empire. when the ottomans conquer egypt they take over from the mamelukes they can claim to be protective of their holy muslim sites mecca and medina and they feel like in harry the mantle of being k laughs from shadowline of apostate canucks in cairo. so ponce you are one of those who did what if you knew the truth to have been covered the stone. wasn't right there you gotta move on if it did it quite a good to be can get away that you stumble but you done right. you could turn it

the way. you do it and hung it's a trick or smoking a lot of dumb. but it is the. the top cop game. palace. legendary residents of the mighty autumn or so gongs. at fifteen seventeen. the songs awarded themselves another honor targets. come of. course knowing centuries after the foundation of the cult of six there's. the title that slipped from the hands of arabs on the koran. the prophet strong. the ottomans don't seem to have made a huge amount of being k.f.c.

and whilst they did claim the title it was more of an honorific or something that indicated that they were first among muslim on. so the ottomans were not initially in the sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth century really claiming to be universal muslim really. yet after a slow decline of three centuries. the successors of these great ottomans all tones . were turned once again to the kind of. in a desperate attempt to rescue their falling empire. palace istanbul. the residence of so far not the honey the second who came to the

throne in eighteen seventy six. he was a skilled carpenter. crafted most of his furniture. but as each of them playing the carpenter saw. was contemplating the gradual loss of territories. by the late nineteenth century. much of the mighty ottoman empire was disappearing from the mouth. of the yet a few well a couple he left. but if but if it got to jemaah islamiyah and something that's monumental know joe oh how long. you had that what you thought of cricket at.

the moment that the bonus money and that of the match. it had to be at. the bottom just i mean cut them down or else funny it would be of a but she's a couple had to be unique and i like that he's just the onion and medina and the work. you've done. nothing. but the soul tones attempts to exploit the spiritual power of the title kind of could not save. in nineteen zero nine up to high meat was deposed. with little shawled was its told us the thirty fifth so-called ottoman states.

and go his coronation was mocked by lavish traditional festivals in truth he was powerless. little fishies bookings that he divided or smaller then let the they stick down to a small a day that did it up the paths shouted out at me i may fade out it here because that that i keep good name is getting you committed that it you did good by committing got it here. in november nineteen fourteen. the ultimates entered world war one on the side of the central powers. whole evil in the name of the conduct a war that refused disastrous for the common folks. on the other side of the treacherous western powers song i'm not sure.

but if i can fish in the caribbean monopoly on my neck and back and have some a monopolist lucky. when you get it from going to know how to fix up. a friend said that somebody. we thought of the men who survived. and to encourage the arabs to rise up in revolt. the british to return to the ancient power of the caliphate. and the person of. the custodian of my. mad as shit for seven hundred sixty two and our stuff even though i would know something. about a pilot. what a day he had been in kidney of some of. the folks. in

june one thousand sixteen. what was called the great arab revolt erupted in. a desert region in the west of what is now saudi arabia. under the. sun. and with the advice and the help of a british officer. lawrence. forces advanced northwards supported by the british or tacked on to prague. within two years in one thousand nine hundred eighteen the joint forces had taken the whole of the levant and iraq. in october of that here an armistice was concluded. the ultimate suffered a humiliating defeat it. in

july nine hundred eighty. four months before the end of world war one. a new super spring. he was to rule over what was left of the ultimate empire. virtually nothing anatolia and istanbul. but even this would soon be lost. just two days after the end of the war french or british troops marched into lucky boy in the autumn and companies are. on

a totally zero was divided between the western powers. to make it what do ya is it in they can't take this all swan they have it. with them it's. in the things in the the other one changing the boxes and so on that it's just that yoke. turkish nationalist resistance broke out. after three years of bloody fighting. the turks succeeded to bring on a tory. only a stumble was left occupied. and in it was a small town now if you would by nationalist turks as a traitor. be taken to court to select a new president was laid out there like that is the follow up i'll be fair cautious

a little not a blush to the same eastenders it up shit is either shut i know as a monday sign. but i don't want to mustn't use them yet. how ticketed akashi given those that are let. in on camera on the first of november nineteenth twenty two. the turkish national assembly abolished the sultanate. two weeks later. midway did dean soltani and calif. left the dome about your politics. the residents of ultimate rulers. through this gate bound for exile.

up in madrid the second was chosen to hold the now largely symbolic tie to come. to the kitchen with the bomb since the got it down the aisle but that it that. the next civic need that they can order up on the lead up to the one you think all the while see the sunday as that of and then all the bush and bush all molly that had come for the knowledge of it are out there to be made. on the third of march nineteenth twenty four. the last vestiges of the caliphate were dismantled by the new turkish republic. the title of the universal movie slam. a title thirteen centuries old. and been terminated by muslims themselves.

optima g. . the last autumn in color. was sent into permanent fix on. washington me i'm a. human form and putting. them in the can be. one of your top of my. jump. that high you feel and yet. the name your love. all of it to the call the call that all of the. state. of the. honey feel that sure that. those that. live on there.

that caylee is meant to be a universal figure who draws support from the misnamed community as a whole that is obviously not the case with a bucket and the fact that all the historical records also shows that when people can gain broad based consensus that caliphate automatically becomes invalidate. the caliphate is such an extraordinary entity. as an outsider i wish that the islamic world like you had something to represent them all that stops the traditions of the political violence or civil war what about the other side of islam which i'm afraid the west doesn't really.

eat. eat eat eat eat eat eat eat . hello again look at the weather across the americas this time in north america we've got an area of thought right now across parts of the west extending into the south africa some snow associated with this feature across more eastern areas is the converse to be quite a moment dry and fine fourteen in the sunshine in new york city and then as i move

the forecast on into sunday that area of rain develops across the south could be some severe storms associated with it still fine for the eastern seaboard across the west where the condition is generally looking good seattle should be largely dry and bright with highs of fourteen degrees down into central america we've got heavy showers across side of guatemala nicaragua honduras and down towards panama and costa rica otherwise across much of the reach of the confined yucatan peninsula lots of sunshine mexico city bright and twenty seven degrees across the owners of the caribbean we have got a fair few showers quite a bit of cloud at times it should still be quite pleasant temperatures into low thirty's but just prepared for the old shower in say kingston jamaica but a general improvement likely on sunday all this weather front likely give more in the way of cloud and the threat of rain for parts of the bahamas down into south america showers much she expect certainly some heavy showers of parts of peru and up into ecuador further south looking largely dry and find out it could be a cloud or a northeast in parts of argentina twenty six and twenty's aries. with

its leaders in jail a greek near nazi party where knives on the wives mothers and daughters of the imprisoned leaders to represent them. the women behind the fearsome right wing nationalist party going to do. what you say i'm not to do you know what exactly does it mean it means national not used golden door in girls a witness documentary on al-jazeera do you support the most this. and this was different whether someone is going for some of this video read it doesn't matter when it's true i think it's how you approach an official and that's what it is a certain way of doing it you can't just inject a story and die out.