always possible but it never happens not because the situation is complicated but because no one cares or if you join us on sat there people that there are choosing between buying medication or eating this is a dialogue i want to get in one more comment because this is someone who's an activist and just posted a story join nicolo bill conversation at this time on al jazeera. inmates learning from other inmates acquiring knowledge that can set them free. through legal education classes and mock tribunals their dedication has led to staggering results even in prison for fifteen years is over that they were still. teaching empowerment kenya part of the rebel education series at this time on al jazeera.

how they get adrian for the good here in doha with the top stories on al-jazeera the french president says that he's not confident that donald trump will keep the u.s. in the iran nuclear deal about the old mccraw made the comment after giving a speech to a joint session of congress he urged the us to reject nationalism and preserve the pact curb iran's nuclear program in return for sanctions relief let me say we have two possible ways had we can choose isolationism withdrawal and nationalism this is an option it can be tempting to us as a temporary remember if to all fields but closing the door to the word will not stop the evolution of the word it will not dolls but inflame the fruits of our citizens. we have to keep our eyes wide open to the new

risks right in front of us. from alan fischer in washington. the fact that the two men have this personal chemistry there's no doubt about that everyone can see it but emanuel mccall took his speech to congress to highlight the policy differences between the two men now we know about the iran nuclear deal that has been clear something that's been talked about but there were other key moments in the speech not least when he was talking about international trade no manual mccraw said the trade town of swer not a good idea it didn't see that implicitly but essentially he said look we made the rules for the world trade organization that's what we should use to get over any trade disputes he also talked to about america abandoning its position in the world as a global leader with the idea of isolationism or america first he said there are other

countries and at that point he was clearly referring to china and russia who have the ambition and are ready to step in to that role he also had a rebuke there's no other word for it for donald trump and some of the rhetoric he uses saying that does nothing to construct anything positive what it does do is make people feel scared and there's a negative tone to it all it's interesting to know that when there were loads of applause they came mainly from democrats in congress and one of the biggest cheers was when emanuel mccrone said that he would like to see the united states return at some point to the part of climate accord which of course donald trump has called america out of a donald trump said before the speech he tweeted out that he was going to be watching it on television we don't know if he did the white house hasn't confirmed that but we certainly know in the following hours there's been absolutely no reaction from donald trump. south korea has given more details about its meeting on

friday with the north president will greet kim jong un at the border as he steps across the military demarcation line kim will be accompanied by his sister during the talks in panmunjom the two leaders are expected to announce a joint agreement after the meeting the first in more than a decade protesters a back on the streets of armenia's capital after the acting prime minister canceled crisis talks with the opposition protests. says that he's ready to lead until new elections his movement forced former leader serge sarkozy on to resign on monday. police in california have charged a former policeman they suspect is the so-called golden state killer a serial rapist and murderer in the one nine hundred seventy s. and eighty's seventy two year old joseph james to angelo was held after d.n.a. from his home matched crime scene evidence. international donors have raised four point four billion dollars in emergency aid to syria but that's just half of the

un's target for this year the u.s. didn't submit a pledge at the fundraising conference in brussels because it's reviewing its support the e.u.'s foreign policy chief urge russia iran and turkey to help establish a cease fire a national strike in south africa disrupted public transport and forced businesses to close thousand marched on wednesday to demand a higher minimum wage and better rights for workers. those are the headlines more use on al-jazeera of the calif next. the caliphate. a form of rule in islam. that lasted for almost thirteen centuries. from the death of the prophet muhammad.

to the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph in one thousand nine hundred twenty four. the arabic term for k. anything. which actually in essence simply means a successor or a adept. the ruler of the islamic world would call himself resort to law the success of god's message. through the centuries. the title of color is a term that has been used. in the times abused. in june two thousand and fourteen a militant group calling itself the islamic states and iraq in the levant or ice or . declared the establishment of a caliphate. they call rejected by most muslims around the world.

reached into the past to appropriate the title of caliph. the group claimed its leader abu bakr but that. as a descendant of the prophet muhammad's own tried. to walk into an article on a can of a flush. and out of a flash usually they have shot b.-o. . maybe if you have a look. this is the story of how the title of caliph began in the prophet's tribe. and how nine centuries later the title was used by people of a different race. our different dentist these rosenfeld. ending with the decline of the ottoman caliphate.

this is the story. of the calif. saudi arabia. the holiest city islam. it was here in the spring of the year five seventy one that muhammad the prophet of islam was born into a family belonging to

a tribe called. well a spanish more covered less as i am of the jersey of a lot of me oh how did you just get out of here. what i can that. modifies the as well be that then i'll be what i use gonna die if not i'm going to gamble up up. sixty one years later. my homage to medina the capital of the new islamic states. with his death in the problem of who should be successor. one thing seemed clear to you kind of how to come from the prophets trying. they had the in front of a milk the i that i love being in a lefty add up what i she lacking how the us and the of the have a shot of your own womb is

a man the least no any other then if even wanted one and gun i don't but i. know buffy and all of that if you list them. for three hundred years after the prophets death the counterfeit remains strong. but by the mid tenth century. the most of the road had from. divided now between three colors all three descendants of koresh. and centuries to come one by one. each of those three kind of fits would crumble and fall. short.

of the spain. competent of the under the sea into my youth kind of. this is the way you did esteem the druid from the mask. in the seventh and eighth century. the death of the second caliph. in the hof a century of chaos among members of his family. and ten thirty one the ninth and last minute callus the shan. was forced to stand down. to the most of the. a look on the board in the levee what the south you know but you know yes you know you

have a lot of animals and said i'm going to answer some of. them is that you know full well. that out of. the. across the mediterranean the fundaments in cairo also fell victim to better inform . in ten twenty one zero six colors but how can. mysteriously disappeared in the cut them hills outside his capital. his death almost certainly at the hands of his own family. would be the start of the fact that it's long claws. from the late eleventh century onward

farting in calif is increasingly losing control of affairs and that the political and military elites are starting to take over the state difficult. in baghdad. bassett's are suffering a similar thing. by the middle of the eleventh century mrs jewkes a rising turk in a city that seize control of the colors. i love the moon walk away and in but out the lack in the eleven via let me. why in the am i gonna shout son but law. me was sherry. the subject rulers were the first to take the title so tong. and arabic words

meaning authority. and in the trials to come the defenders of islam. would be sold thongs of non arab birth. let them all fronts. the statue of pope urban the second pointing east. in november ten ninety five from the city. he launched a christian campaign to recapture jerusalem and the holy land from the muslims. the crusades. lemoore was lent by

the pope to assembly where he really so that his authority to declare war. and attend ninety six. the crusaders set out on arduous overland eastward journey. after three years of demanding travel and fierce battles. they finally reached their goal. and delight ten ninety nine kristie and it's captured jerusalem. there's a major massacre muslims died jews dead even some eastern christian. to the pins and recognizes christians died and the chroniclers from the crusaders perspective

present this is vengeance for the blasphemy that these saracens had done to the jesus is holy city of jerusalem. for not half century sturdier jerusalem had surrendered to the second caliph of a slam. but in ten ninety nine. as muslims sold to confront the marauding crusaders a slam faced a burning question where was the caliph. the a bastard at that point had no military force which they could have sent the father caliphate they had lost their syrian lands to. local warlords so when they saw the crusaders coming in they probably were quite happy to see that

these was up us we're now facing a major problem with these community quite strong military contingency moving in from europe. large areas of the levant were occupied. divided by the christians into four distinct fiefdoms. but after half a century of crusaders success muslim slowly began to fight back. but it was not the caliphs were led to fight. damascus syria. in the middle of the twelfth century this city was the capital of the zinc it's a turkish dentistry founded by a man. the governor of northern living. in

eleven forty four he had secured the first muslim victory against the crusaders. well with him out of the heart are locked him out of the war some are eleusinian to heaven and to stop and the be infinitely misled and to. be an enemy in kenya and the head of all the bun. in eleven forty six. succeeded his father in the struggle against the crusaders and deliverance. two decades later he would be fighting over another progs. corner of the house and the store. owner has had him in fall to meet him in his

inky and you second all the war jihad salumi and the other seller who ascended be sure to call what tannic him a chair call from the l a said. after five years of battle. should go no deeds kurdish generals succeeded both in defeating the crusaders and seizing control of the fatah miss cullison. he was succeeded by his nephew salaheddine. the. known to the west side of things. so he saw that his political career as the was leader of the falcons so he had to acknowledge the supremacy of the father of the for two years.

but in eleven seventy one. sunlight and switched his allegiance. bringing an end to a ha centuries of the front of it colorful. and declaring egypt's loyalty to the opposite calif but that. why. is that most certainly is that i've been had one problem that he had no legitimacy . so the main selling point for so he didn't throughout his career was about. the costs of jordan. one of the largest crusader forts in the levant. from this powerful position the crusaders began to harass muslim trade caravans threatening even make it so. some had been unified

to syria and egyptian political landscape and the only remaining. you would polities with it was say the states so it was natural for them to move against them . in july eleventh eighty seven here in northern palestine but the place known as the horns of the tongue. so a lot of these courses cross the crusaders. for months later jerusalem surrender. this time not to an arab calif but to a kurdish soltani. assault on the shabbat can you make me feel a little silly for. and if allowed bessie. looked

at it. like a lot of different. shank in. the defeat at the team was a turning point for the crusaders. driven back to a strip of much to rein in coastline. they consolidated their position with massive costs at strategic points like side eleven. but just as this threat to the islamic world was subsiding. a danger of even greater proportions was gathering strength. this time. in the east.

an ancient school in better. built by the ambassador. it was part of a desperate effort to recapture the golden age of the early our best caliphate. in twelve forty two and most awesome succeeded his father as the thirty seventh caliph. but he would soon face a new danger. the approach of the moment the center. of the basins by the mongols overall was seen as the major turning point in the recent history and when the moments came there was a clear sense of. the way of holding things. they will continue.

in january twelve fifty eight. the mongols reached back then. within two weeks the opposite capital had been brought to its knees. the caliph and the stasi was executed. the great city reduced to ashes. a five hundred year caliphate had come to an end. it was a moment that was both a watershed but also a confirmation of a situation which it actually existed for quite a long time. some spoke as of august that it was of not any great significance because the real power of the apostates had faded away hundreds of years ago when

they were just sitting around in that baghdad's palace and that their existence had very little meaning for the majority of mr. islam was now in peril. the only remaining hope was the new soto's of egypt the man who looks. right at the slaves from central asia to form an army for the e.u. bits. they had supplanted some odd dealings dentist. in september twelve sixteen here at the in general in palestine. the men who call me but the mongols and that's. it was a decisive victory for the most. the member looks at save the muslim

world. and their tenuous legitimacy. was about to be struck. there was a member of the boston family who managed to escape from the slaughter in baghdad and make his way to cairo where the mamelukes of egypt subsequently recognized his descendents as k.f.c. in cairo and derive benefit in the state from this kind of shadow puppet caliphate . bolstered by the caliphs indorsement and twelve month he won. the man looks put an end to two centuries of christian crusades. aker. the last crusade the fortress on the mediterranean was captured.

meanwhile in the natalya a new muslim power was on the rise. a power which would carry the banner of islam to the gates of constantinople. in six twenty nine during the life of the prophet muhammad. the first ever battle between muslims and by sun times took place here in. southern jordan. the fight ended with the muslims defeated and their withdrawal to medina. but the setback would be temporary. the progress great. size of constantinople

still beckoned. he stumbled into the pavement i found the miss that one measure of pity how these civilians that if one hundred costantini of an animal a mere middle when any measure. it is down you can only see the stumble of hit the dick. if you read arab jargon for years of the tenth and eleventh century constantinople is described as the apple the ultimate prize that someday muslims will win and often the taking of constant no pulis presented almost apocalyptic terms as something that will bring on the final victory of islam. that final victory would fall to the ultimate ends of turkic most i'm trying to emigrate from central asia to settle in i'm told.

they get these i want i have the wit to shut lot of my demon of it that protestant on them at the beginning it died in it is that in a quarter to that yet. then he stumbled a little. in april fourteenth fifty three minutes army siege to the great city. seven weeks later the all timmons back from their way to constantinople. and as the victorious. entered the city through this gate. an eight hundred year old prophecy had come to pos.

this involved importance was known to muslims and also for european christians suddenly one of the major capitals of kristen to become a muslim. but just as they tasted the fruits of victory. at the far end of the mediterranean. eight hundred years of muslim civilization. was about. to come crashing down. australia's multibillion dollar international student of history is booming but it has a dark side one of the nice things sam is widespread revelations of sexual assault and foreign university students are noticing.

we should all be in doha the top stories on al-jazeera the french president says he's not confident donald trump will seek the u.s. keep the u.s. in the iran nuclear deal emanuel mccraw made the comments after giving a speech to a joint session of congress hears the u.s. to reject nationalism and preserve the pact to curb iran's nuclear program in return for sanctions relief let me say we have two possible ways had we can choose isolation isn't withdrawal and nationalism this is an option it can be tempting to us as a temporary remember if two our fears but causing the door to the word will not stop the evolution of the word it will not dollars but inflame the fruits of our citizens we have to keep our eyes wide open to the new

risks right in front of us. south korea has released more details about his meeting on friday with the north president mungy and will greet kim jong at the border as he steps across the military demarcation line kim will be accompanied by his sister talks in panmunjom the two leaders are expected to announce a joint agreement after the meeting the first in more than a decade protesters are back on the streets of the armenian capital after the acting prime minister canceled crisis talks with the opposition the protest leader nicole says he's ready to lead until new elections. police in the u.s. state of california have charged a former policeman the suspect is the so-called golden state killer a serial rapist and murderer in the seventy's and eighty's seventy two year old joseph james de angelo was held after d.n.a. from his home matched crime scene evidence international donors have raised four

point four billion dollars in emergency aid for syria just half of the un's target for this year the u.s. didn't submit a pledge at the fund raising conference in brussels because it's reviewing its support the e.u.'s foreign policy chief is russia iran and turkey to help establish a cease fire. a national strike in south africa has disrupted public transport and forced businesses to close thousands marched on weapons day to demand a higher minimum wage and better rights for workers those are your headlines the news continues after the caliph season. the alhambra. a muslim citadel and palace.

one of spain's most famous spawning wins. for more than two and a half centuries this palace in granada was the scene of the mustard's. the last muslim dentist in the idea of insulin. now i'm back to south asia when those pick in your brain know nasa the road slightest bit up and you forget that he had pulled eighty or they end up to the court of the law but in a medical circles he will not get ticked woulda a pickle might there be a list but what is the notice with other than i am business there.

in the early eighth century. muslims conquered most of the i bury in peninsula the province they called and that of sia. but the compering on it was on able to drive home their success. the remnants of the former rulers the physical fights took shelter in the mountains in the north. of the cult but some of them it's cool to look at if you want to show that it is when you allow. the d.-day academy live it's a d.c. a lot of the. mountains of northern spain would become the cradle of new christy kingdom. thanks. kingdoms that would start a holy war not

a complete stop three conquered by darian peninsula and end what they saw as muslim capacious. last. man the fact. that it will cause all kind of look at that and did anyone see. nischelle is who can it's a party to feed his body up. look at that a gun and do seventy m. whole had no image to said no i mean the old soul you know i mean the said i it's how dead hokum know i mean is that i did it. and ten thirty one after the folder made promises of called the bomb. under the sea a broke up into several minor city states. easy prey for the christian kingdoms. help was needed from across the mediterranean.

america's moral code. founded in the eleventh century as capital of the moral. sperber then a stain on the success of. the young ones crossed the sea to under the sea and to confront the threats from the spanish christian kingdoms. done wonderful that i wanted to not miss duckett also if don't know that the hut that the mothers assemble to muddy. feet does the see one of them within

a few minutes of those. let the let the humbleness only as a whole jihad if you defend one you think you know that and then knows. the whole of the other one. for more than a century that it. was held at bay. until the year twelve hundred twelve when the christine kingdoms of custody. are gone and portugal united against them one. here east of call them a battle took place which immortalized the name of this morning for. us thomas to come up. and walk the forces for heaven be defeated by the united christine. and has

a moment to what has he must have missed what he did was to me different and that was that he got killed is that the us wasn't going to libya why not have that the old guy that you know if it's not if i suburban he ought to build in one of the up . he has even and i was in with the in a few mock of the above at a. pristine forces continue to press south winds and by the late thirteenth century the muslim presence in spain was reduced to the tiny mustard kingdom of granada. give it but it quickly. and its media who did what was team heavy and made enough money above couple hook animals up to more of them by this was one of the tickets and it's going to smoke. how do you need the idea to win with. this animal it's

a world where they know you're doing it hope millen missed it is used as the wow team. in fourteen ninety one united on me's over to christian monex is a battle of custom and king for nanda ovata gone they'd siege to bring out the. muhammad the twelfth the nasir it's a long sentence desperate your quest for help. but this time there was no answer. was. he. come. in.

with no sign of help appearing. the city surrendered to the spaniards. her mother her. son on the. come up. in january fourteen ninety two. the spanish and three grown up.

on a computer stuff. was complete. then we sure. got off the. a minute. to do well and. a father for the i think there's. fourteen ninety two. marked the end of muslim rule in spain. that same year christopher columbus arrived back in grenada. he brought news of his discoveries to sponsor. isabel. a new word was about to open for the christian.

while the muslims were about to start fighting each other over an old title. the cattle. fourteen fifty three. a stumble. no longer called constantinople. was made capital of the autumn and. an empire of the already made inroads into christian europe. but the soul tom was the remains lay here in this mosque of the different structure .

selim the first came to power in fifteen twelve. five years later he had toppled the man looked in history and egypt a triple the size of the ottoman empire. when the ottomans conquer egypt they take over from the mamelukes they can claim to be protective of the holy muslim sites mecca and medina and they feel like in harry the mantle of being kay less from shadowline of apostate cain ifs in cairo. so ponce you are one of those who do quite a few good to to have been covered based on. wasn't it that a good move on if it did it have been quite a good to be can get away that you stumble but you don't write. you could turn it

the way. you do it and hung its door trick or smoking a lot of data. but it is the. the top card game. palace. legendary residence of the mike to. see. it fifteen seventeen. the sultan's awarded themselves another honor targets. come of. course knowing centuries after the foundation of the color of the six the. title had slipped from the hands of arabs on the porridge the prophet strong. the ottomans don't seem to have made a huge amount of being k.f.c.

and whilst they did claim the title it was more of an honorific all something that indicated that they were first among muslim on. so the ottomans were not initially in the sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth century really claiming to be universal muslim really. yet after a slow decline of three centuries. the successors of these great ottomans all tones . were turned once again to the caliphate. in a desperate attempt to rescue their falling empire. palace istanbul. the residence of savannah the honey the second who came to the

throne in eighteen seventy six. he was a skilled carpenter. crafted most of his furniture. as he children playing the carpenter salt on was contemplating the gradual loss of territories. by the late nineteenth century. much of the mighty ottoman empire was disappearing from the mouth. of the yet well a couple he left. but if but if it got to jemaah islamiya it's something that's monumental joe oh how will. you add that what you thought of ticket at.

the moment that the bonus money and then another minute. it hadn't been that. bob just i mean cut them a donor is funny it would be of a but she's a couple had to be in it and i like that he's just the onion and medina and the gum but those conditions. use them as a model. but the still tons attempts to exploit the spiritual power of the title kind of could not save. in nineteen zero nine after honey it was deposed. a mythical shaw was installed as the thirty fifth so-called ottoman states.

and go his coronation was mocked by lavish traditional festivals in truth he was powerless. the little fishies book is that he divided or small and then let the they stay down all small a day that did it up the pa the shouted out at me i may fade out it here it got that that i keep good name is bit of the truth of that is that you did good by committing got it here. in november nineteen fourteen. the ultimates entered world war one on the side of the central powers. whole evil in the name of the conduct a war that refused disastrous for the common folks. on the other side of the treacherous western powers saw an officer.

put it on a camp in the caribbean monopoly and not let can back in and now summon monopolists not. he went up. when he got it from going to how do you know my. friend said that somebody in the dhamma thought of being a home without all the men who survived. and to encourage the arabs to rise up and revolt. the british to return to the ancient power of the coliseum. and the person of. the custodian of my. mad as shit for seven hundred six. even you would know something. about a follow up was not a. day he had kidney of some of. the folks. in june one thousand nine hundred sixteen. what was called the great

arab revolt erupted in. a desert region in the west of what is now saudi arabia. under the. sun. and with the help of a british officer. lawrence. forces advanced northwards supported by the british one tacked on to. within two years in one thousand nine hundred eighteen the joint forces had taken the whole of the levant and iraq. in october of that here an armistice was concluded. that suffered a humiliating defeat it. in

july nineteenth eighty. four months before the end before or one. a new swoop on spring. he was to rule over what was left of fuel from an empire. virtually nothing anatolia and istanbul. but even this would soon be lost. just two days after the end of the war french or british troops marched into lucky boy in the autumn and company. on

a totally of it was divided between the western powers. to make it what do ya is it in they can't take this fall we stand there that. it's. in the things here on the other one of the bombs as they did was to yoke. turkish nationalist resistance broke out. after three years of bloody fighting. the turks succeeded the brits and it took. only a stumble it was left occupied. and in it was a small town now if you would buy nationalist turks as a traitor. if they came to court to select a new cousin it was me that they looked at it to follow it up and leave their

culture to say them not a bunch of the same eastenders. shit is it. i knows i'm on the side. but i don't want to mustn't use them yet. how ticketed akashi given those that are let. in on camera on the first of november nineteenth twenty two. the turkish national assembly abolished the sultanate. two weeks later. midway did dean soltani and calif. left the dome a budget palace. the residence of ultimate rulers through this gate bound for exile.

up in madrid the second was chosen to hold the now largely symbolic tie to come. to the kitchen with a bomb since they got it down the aisle but they have it that it. could either at the next civic need that they make it or that you push them on the love them in the head if they think all the while see that some day as that without all the bush and bush all molly that had leave it there ought to be made. on the third of march nineteenth twenty four. the last vestiges of the caliphate were dismantled by the new turkish republic. the title of the universal movie slam. a title thirteen centuries old. and been terminated by muslims themselves.

optima g. the last autumn in color. was sent into permanent. washington dualist let me move. you move forward putting. them in the can be. one of the top of my. head. that high new zealand via. the name your love. all of that was even to the call the call that a lot. of the. question that you get a call that honey if you think that sure that. those that. are on there.

that caylee is meant to be a universal figure who draws support from the miss lynn community as a whole that is obviously not the case with a bucket and the fact that all the historical record also shows that when people can gain broad base consensus that caliphate automatically becomes invalidate. the caliphate is such an extraordinary entity. as an outsider i wish that the islamic world like you had something to represent them all that next to those. traditions of political violence or civil war what about the other side of islam which i'm afraid the west doesn't really understand.

eat. eat eat eat eat eat eat eat eat . how i once again we do still have some rather lovely shot was making the way across the middle east and that will be the case over the next couple of days a fair amount of cloud showing up on the satellite picture iran seeing some of that cloudy weather gradually making its way eastwards we will see a little more cloud also drifting in behind if the truth be known just around the sinai we could see a little bit of class some rain still a possibility here the larry of low pressure circulating away with more of a cost in beirut twenty two celsius on thursday afternoon picking up a little as we go on into friday. the rising temperatures will see some of the

largest i was coming through those. poles in the process and that cloud and i said it does become a little more expansive so much the weather coming up towards baghdad a good part of iraq seeing some heavy downpours with the possibility of flooding from out of that cloud just spilling over into that western side of iran there will be some cloud around maybe the odd shower two across the reagan peninsula even here in qatar we might see the on a few spots right a possibility the wet weather suspect down toward the southern end of the red sea around the gulf of aden western parts of yemen could still see some shop shallowest some shops i was hoping some useful rain also making its way towards cape town over the next day or two temperature here around seventeen degrees. the scene for us where on line what is a very new sign in yemen that peace is always possible but it never happens not because the situation is complicated but because no one cares or if you join us on

sat there people that there are choosing between buying medication and eating base is a dialogue i want to get in one more comment because this is someone who's an activist just posted a story join the global conversation at this time on al-jazeera. u.s. citizens obstructed from saving their family. as the crisis in yemen worsens some have fled the horror of war only to be entangled in bureaucratic limbo with their lives and dreams of a future court on call. phone lines explores the old to the real effects of trump's immigration policies. between the war on the ban on adjusting.