it in russia in two thousand and two thousand and twelve that was the last time the president was in inaugurated as well so that we were basically gave birth in a valley as an opposition leader he now has to try to work out how he's going to keep this going. to make putin is looking much more comfortable than he did six years ago at least four people have been killed in violence in indian administered kashmir a civilian died from his injuries in srinagar after being run over by an indian security vehicle and earlier these three separatist fighters were killed during a raid by security forces. the u.a.e. could be removed from the saudi led coalition in yemen after it deployed forces to a yemeni island without consulting the exiled government that's according to a senior yemeni official who spoke to the associated press how why the big island remains on high alert as lava continues to spew from its killer whale

volcano the island has been rocked by a series of strong earthquakes the un is warning of disease outbreaks following severe flooding in kenya at least one hundred twelve people have been killed and more than two hundred sixty thousand displaced over the past two months and decorated british football manager alex ferguson has had emergency surgery after suffering a brain hemorrhage ferguson coached the side for twenty six years during which time manchester united won thirty eight trophies that's all from us techno is next getting to the heart of the matter if the the turkish cypriot leader calls you today and says let's have told us would you accept facing realities what do you think reunification of look like were to people think the peaceful unification is the only option for prosperity of south korea hear their story and talk to how does either. green bacteria in the tree.

because how council. explores the science of capturing. this is. going to explore the intersection of humanity and we're doing it in a unique way this is science by scientists. fossil fuels. with global economic growth. in. greenhouse. since the one nine hundred fifty s. the u.s. space agency has been monitoring carbon dioxide levels. in two thousand and

thirteen climate history is made at the moment. in hawaii. the month of may we measured c o two. you know why go over four hundred. which is a mile you could say. we think this is a significant milestone it reminds us that. in the last at least two million years. was also significant is the rate of increase is rapid. this computer generated image shows the. across the globe the intense reds indicate increased burning of fossil fuels during the. two thousand and six which in turn generates. america europe and asia scientists around the world have evidence indicating

increased levels of fear. behind rising temperatures extreme droughts and extreme storms associated with warming and climate change the prime scientists say carbon dioxide to. nature can provide a path. through photosynthesis treason. to production out. of the forests global temperatures continue to climb higher. thousand and seventy second. ever. one way to stop rising sea. is to reduce dangerous emissions research is the taking in. science to come up with methods to capture. innovation one experiment to plan would inject carbon

emissions underground could be turned into and stored indefinitely welcome to techno i got to say the same thing in the theme and i think. i think is beauty isn't just on the surface there's a lot more happening. and one of the most geologically active areas on. according to iceland's national energy authority the tiny island nation is packed with more than two hundred active volcanoes. but even when they aren't erupting in iceland's many volcanic molten magnifies just. that results in a landscape covered with hot spots and open gas. in the middle of one of these hot spots. fueled entirely by the energy from the ground below the

geothermal power generated here provides more than enough energy tonight. capital city of mecca a bit so we're right on the edge of a volcanic area aren't we how important is for the fight. located here if it weren't for the world. that's where we have. electricity. is a chemical engineer. and. she took us to the top of the volcano to get a close up view of an active drill station. this is the geothermal version of an oil rig. off the flow of. more than two hundred degrees off of. the river.

three hundred. across from the ground. yeah basically with their limbs or crops in the ground where we. were third or you know just regular work that's circulating through. our. bringing up the thing that we can really imagine a very good life yeah yeah i mean it's much more than that this is just you know for. us is incredible but what's happening here is actually as a result of what's going on thousands of lives have been a fly thing the locust soho chorus when engine is through a little so it is a really safe place he said thing getting. a very family gases including the i would say the scientists here all sorts of things especially. chit sort of relief into the atmosphere. as it turns out.

and it's also a giant tree home to one of the world's most innovative plans to capture carbon dioxide say good business and is a research professor at the unit best ice and he's part of the team behind cobb thinks the carbon capture program reckon big energy even though this is a green energy point five percent of what comes out of the ground is made up of gases cup and dioxide and hunched in some fight. the idea is to take home the missions and inject them back into the ground permanently theoretically you could take all your tool that's going to be released in the future you know from burning all of no fossil fuel earth you could capture it and you can store it in the ocean egregious you know with all of it all of it you know about this five tons of carbon

that's kind of the estimated you know emission of most of if we if we a myth of the current rate increase causing climate change causing acidification of the ocean etc unless we capture of the c o two that's incredible that this carbon capture method could be the solution to. eliminating our carbon footprint well it's not a silver bullet i mean it's not the solution is one of the solutions the can't fix program was conceived in the labs here in two thousand and six by two thousand and twelve it was fully implemented in the field it takes advantage of something else i since tectonic heritage provides the sun take a look at the landscape has is highly dramatic and it's covered in this dark and jagged edge long right above and below the surface it's called. volcanic lava cools and it's perfect for catching carbon because it's highly reactive with. this is the key ingredient to this whole innovative process isn't

there this is a chunk of course after looking up but it's the black material that's the most off and then you can see white spots sort of in between this absolutely calcium carbonate that we are forming that's the c o two. so these white spots is actually this isn't just a chunk of it this is a very nice calcium carbonate crystal cultured christo. but this is not really representative of what you what we form within the ground during our injection it's more like the spots you can see the possibly this process is happening here in iceland naturally for example in order to form an area where we have a suit to interacting with our soft turning this into into carbon minerals so then we thought why not test this interesting idea out here in west london when we have

our. providing a source of c o two that come in then become. injected back into the ground and see if we can utilize accelerate this not sure process so the process is happening naturally here it's happening at a much faster speed did you predict that yeah so i actually in the beginning i was involved with the project in my in as a part of my ph the bush the multiple projects that mineralization to occur within five years time but. it proved out that the processes in foss them out to protect the coast the c o two was turned into stone within only two years two and once the c o two is turned into stone you don't have to worry about that it's not going anywhere it's just but it in the ground as raw the process begins in the production well. steam is sent down these pipes and into the main power plant. is used to tend the plants giant ted winds which produced electricity. the same

person for binds them at the end of. the water has taken their heat exchanger. with this. thing the pipes on their careers are souring and heating up. once the steam is usually the atmosphere for the car fixed project the gas is about point five percent of steam going to be special cleaning toilets that's where the common capture process. so the guesses get a shower what does that mean yeah but they actually flow through a column where we have what the drop was falling falling down because three rows in the opposite direction i guess meets a liquid yeah and during that sort of interaction the c o two and so fight they are into the water droplets that were sent back down the pipe to this injection several hundred metres from the main plant that's how this is really the heart of

innovation in this for what happens so here we are actually interacting water containment this on c o two into the ground into the boss of the cold store where the chemical reactions place and turn it into the rock so the gas has been dissolved in water is that what's coming up through the pipe here in the pipe we have or are about thirty meters per second of compounds theme actually containing this salt c o two and it's through us flowing through here if you look through the window you can see that there are actually i mean bubbles are visible even though we have a lot of fluid flowing through it and that's because all the costs of the salt is hard to believe that there's actually thousands of these is suspected. of water content and gas flowing through here and just the scientists yeah it looks it looks empty but if you look closely you can see so what is more profit off moving around a little bit so it is actually happening and you can see it on the pressure nine

point five hours the final step in the process is where the chemical reaction happens the water is pumped down this notch pipe to a depth of one point five kilometer that's where it hits bedrock and that's where the chemical reaction takes place as they like to say it's gas it's turned to rock . so what happens after we inject this year two was that this year two was is the solved in water which is then acidic. the acidic water dissolves the process of the coaster releasing calcium magnesium and iron into the water fluid where it can react with the c o two that's already there and form these carbonate minerals parts of the reaction first. formed the rocks. where we surprised we had done some experiments we had done the transport modeling where we predicted that this would take over the order of five to ten years no one really believed. you know i'm

then you really have to do it and then we inject that henri paul got that we could mineralized in two years which is a fantastic new the pants already green has reduced its cup and footprint by one more importantly a team of ph d. students at the university of bison is conducting a new round of testing to figure out why topic is what to say well whether i have played well actually case why this machine here is very much like more on the your family album but it's where it's mixing together so i'm reenacting that what are you trying to find from the supply mentation so the main aim is to figure out where the kick off is when is the c o two reacting with the song the form carbonate why is the carbonation so fast and i mean in other carbon storage methods and takes tens of thousands of years is a procedure that could be. copied around the world that in the hope i mean right

now it has been done in iceland and they are doing studies in the united states in the columbia river area you have to try and link up with other companies and universities and other countries in the world in order to bring this method to them but also alter it to what type of industry they have and what type of rocks they have and then in a way whacking at the different industry seeing what what they do on a daily basis and seeing how you can alter it such a way that they can also store their gas emissions in the ground. so it's working very well as a general family plant but what are the other applications of this technology well they're all because of course we want to get the coal fired power plants you know where the much otiose their mission is then also we want to get this to first motors you know we need in the future even if we abundant fossil fuel and really need i don't we would meet aluminum and we would need to see. scientists here say

they have a long way to go but they would begin testing the car fixed process a power plants and smelter is situated in coastal regions near ocean rock. so far tests at the energy plant chainmail negative impact on water supplies downstream from the injection site other methods of carbon storage rely on bearing the gas in geological formations or injecting c o two into depleted or wells the car fixed process is the only woman into mice the person that actually turns the gas into rock so how can this be expanded globally. well it must. be most of the. surface of earth. and when we have it we have big plans of. in the states in siberia but also the whole ocean explorer well that's

a lot of surface and one of the downsides of this method that it is that we need a lot of work that of course we want to solve the c o two completely before we interact if we used to see what that but then to the ocean explorer somehow we have endless supply of what you know us what we could imagine so but the question remains how much of this would be practical to use. with not really the only way to capture and store you know we this is the first experiments we do you know one on that is no applied to the interest groups. good conventional way of capturing c o two and compressing it on injecting into separate places they've been doing since ninety six so there's a lot of know. what this. is that we need to put a price on the cardboard that has to be an incentive for him to do it and it should be included in the price of fossil fuels the price of capturing and storing the car

we have got then i'm very optimistic we know of course we always have to work on ways to actually lower the price but it is doable with the present knowledge we have but it's costly in two thousand and fifteen the u.s. national academy of science issued a report on geo engineering the science of technology to counter the impact of climate change the panel's contrition the benefits of carbon dioxide high risk costs a challenge they called for more studies to determine if known term storage of c o two could be safe and effective scientists at the university of rice and harder and they studied. capturing c o two is just one possible solution but scientists have another plan and not burying carbon dioxide but they are finding a way to use it for techno.

scientists in amsterdam are studying another solution to help reduce global c o two levels they're innovating green manufacturing techniques of some common products like plastics that actually remove instead of add carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during production currently the plastic manufacturing process emits huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the environment adding to the problem of climate change. but what if a new technology could produce a type of biodegradable plastic that could actually help reverse the greenhouse effect the possibility of this lies inside bacteria an ancient organism the first of three point five billion years ago which turns carbon dioxide into valuable organic compounds from which plastics can be made as a whole variety of organisms. with particular. microorganisms that we call the cyano work area. this is an example of the blue

green algae. here in amsterdam science park a young startup has grand plans harnessing the photosynthetic power of cyanobacteria not only to reduce c o two in the atmosphere but also to produce earth friendly consumer products the science behind this begins with an understanding of photosynthesis plants and some bacteria use energy from the sun along with carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere to produce oxygen and organic compounds the oxygen is put back into earth's atmosphere and the cycle continues. scientists have found that cyano bacteria one of the oldest organisms known to man can be engineered in the lab to excrete commercially valuable molecules. although there are differences in climate between various places on earth we also find many different scientific theory or and in principle you could find for any sport where you would want to apply to your technique you could find a certain fan of bacterium that is optimally adapted to carry out the process that

you have defined. in this lab living cyanobacteria conduct photosynthesis under artificial conditions and are engineered to excrete a number of specific compounds used in products ranging from plastics to fragrances to pharmaceuticals. the cyanobacteria excluded compounds used in the manufacturing of bioplastics is lactic acid. dr class telling which is a microbiologist spearheading the cyanobacteria research and here is an example of a product that's going to be made by the santa victoria in very large amounts and this case this is one of the. only pure forms of lactic acid and then if you have a culture a liquid culture that has been modified to produce the electric effort and you let it produce for a for a while for this electric bottom or can then be used to make consumer products of

plastic and there's also a very important product. that will become much more important in the years to come and this is the electric us to use in three d. printing and my expectation is that the amount of products that we that we will be using that have been produced in the three d. printer will enormously trees in the coming years. growing cyanobacteria to make lactic acid for use in plastic manufacturing requires the details scientific recipe . researcher dr sabrina explains how the cyanobacteria is grown in the lab. here we grow the three cultures that when the news is to not too late. large bottles that will be again used to inoculate our pilot facility which is from three four hundred liters of two thousand liters so you're growing a small amount in here and then you'll dump it and went to looks like an empty clear yet liquid and then it grows to be the screen yes exactly yeah what's in here

right now what are these are we had was a bit in the electic case of producing bacteria but we do is the monitor as close as possible all different part of meters from ph to temperature to a new trend concentration in order to find the best recipe for the medium. do they like the acid producing scion of bacteria is engineered here it will be moved to other labs with larger bio reactors just scale up production increasing the amount of bioplastics that can be manufactured later normally you don't think about plastic is necessarily being good for the environment but these are generally there is a problem with plastics that if they are very recalcitrant that means that once they are deposited in the environment they will stay in the environment and they will not degrade or degrade only very very slowly and the nice thing of this plastic is that it is based on molecules from living cells and that means that there are also

enzymes in living cells that can break the connection and then can degrade the plastic the nice thing of this type of polymer is that you can make blends of these polymers that have a range of degradation that you can set when you make the polymer tunable it is june of that so you have brought this this be good to be degraded and then the material in this three d. printing thing you're proposing an almost entirely closed loop you start with in the atmosphere you use the modified cyanobacteria to create a plastic polymer that humans use goes to landfills broken down and turns back into . this very important and we call it the carbon cycle on earth and now the last two hundred years mankind has learned that it is very cheap and attractive to burn all that for. however if we continue to do that create this problem of increased c o two and global warming and that's why it is very important to change the carbon cycle into

a cycle where all the carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis by the plans for food or the scientific theory to make materials all this fixed carbon is used and after you ideally it is reviews and wanted to see who is going to end of a cycle a new and with an energy of sunlight new products can be made. using night science to combat climate change i might just have potential attack now i'm not so sure the same are and i said the next time. she said. each one. of these.

it is. with the human being. on. the to choose politics psychology. from today beginning until the very end the trade in human sleep is big business. and wealthy western nations are repeating how to go from being you know who wait till i'm so not know how to randomly now i must be an organized crime ninety six least episode two of slavery a twenty first century medieval on al-jazeera. six.

am in the sunday sun roof funny thing is a common. phrase from the shah rukh's is the name one of which i recorded the regulars of record music is really going to trip my love for a very young i used to make up for the make of what i feel the. talks of are just good quality books of all people known to those of our trade in music as the rest of us to be rather good. especially for a good thing this is kind of all in all the right wing assault on our freedom to oss questions and generally all through the orbix pressure on people you know are being taught it's like students teachers activists in their class writes it's nice all of them but it's going to do this on the earth and people on the street see the protest has reached our doorstep saw in rich as a weird legs all attempts to contradict some of its.