which cost them dearly. to pay for those wars sovereigns borrowed from prominent family first government bonds were traded paying interest. those prominence creditor families founded the first italian banks that started lending a lot of money to european markets who were caught up in endless wars. most often the bankers were worried by the warlike rulers an easy way of getting rid of debt one that would be used for centuries. at the time governments had power over creditors only much later would that balance of power be reversed.

after the second world war in one nine hundred forty five america's marshall plan granted thirteen billion u.s. dollars in aid to europe's industrialized countries exceptional growth followed and the thirty years after the war were good. so good but they were known as the economic miracle in germany and the glorious thirty and france business was brisk industry was in full swing and the growth of consumption was spectacular. so he can the polytunnel use it on go his basically put it to school august i'm suited for humanly move be doable dyslexia be on call so much from your machine if we were to do our or figured on compile your film and or goes to show it would be

financial in bungay us you did resign i wanted but he was i was phenomenal wasn't all in there on time the b.b. was an image will be a few miles of iraq good. in cost. by the end of the post-war boom in the early one nine hundred seventy s. government debt in europe was a great called lows thanks to growth and inflation but the economic machine would soon be upset by two major events. good evening on august fifteenth one thousand nine hundred seventy one richard nixon the president of the united states his coffers had been emptied of their gold reserves by the vietnam war announced a staggering measure that would drastically change the world economy. and the dollar against the speculators. i directed secretary connally to suspend temporarily the combat ability of the dollar into gold or other reserve assets

except in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monitor instability and in the best interest of the united states. but it was not a temporary measure at all the us president definitively kept a fixed relationship between the dollar and gold. the donor became a floating currency like every other currency l. around the world. all the currencies of the world that were either tied to the us dollar of the british pound by one nine hundred seventy one we're now pure fee at currencies they're not backed by anything they're just backed by the confidence that people have in those currencies. abandonment of the gold standard cleared the way for significant currency market speculation. the free circulation of capital on international markets intensified it was the beginning of

a period of great financial instability. yet. two years later in one nine hundred seventy three another major event occurred the first oil crisis. in one year the price of crude oil soared going from two to six dollars about my. normal necessity to be going to meet. the dude who could be taller or to administer guns i could use it on this subject don't include this obsession of befehl demanded a good immediately and seems like democracy it would set up a forty minute no one knows on one that the knowledge will not suddenly produce be colored boozer. comedy block no country exact amount to ensure.

a sudden increase in the price of oil weighed heavily on the world economy. put the brakes on growth. production costs went up prices went up. inflation is skyrocketing. high inflation has a major drawback it impoverishes savers and investors since their money depreciates . for governments inflation became a new enemy to be defeated at all cost. after removal going on would have restoral a brief ever sat at all those are the five always elitists know yeah follow easy lay plus will this no see you for valley going to me community you really are out there seek over the andris around you cause i said i used to are classic kids don't call me a serial if what i was eagleman known gone by gar on credit during

a debate you feel silly it put you to such an icon by the convo oppa like you they are year to dish while much other fests your much of the money for today are see. but really dig that do the kills you simply did before a welcome knowledge on global use it is on top on only because if there are so many to not exhaust you before or is it an economy to defeat it on a cyclical season was when to go to make it up it will moan that it is always under an economy with a monitor fault which is additional lies of trying to put in for us job has got to be that to develop is a sop to good at it can do pretty good continue on will say that. nobody but. i don't know not honestly yelling. completely as you would have no order to sort out. which would be that it be weeks on

a back to the hard basket will be the kimosabe on the day. if you didn't know but starting in the one nine hundred eighty s. the industrialized countries began to borrow heavily on the international market after which their public debt would never stop increasing. margaret thatcher became prime minister in the u.k. and ronald reagan president in the united states it was the advent of neo liberalism and economic doctrine that also spread throughout europe. governments everywhere were lowering taxes privatizing public assets these would be the years of easy money. stock markets expanded wall street in new york the city in london. on both sides of the atlantic governments deregulated bank

credit unchecked capital flows moved through markets worldwide. by deregulating and liberalizing those governments became dependent on financial markets which by then were an inescapable part of the economic system. the debt machine was taking shape nearly everyone went into debt governments businesses and individuals. the economic system had turned into a machine for creating debt. and the banks got rich on the interest paid by borrowers. credits became the primary fuel for growth but how does created work. banks possess only a small amount of the money they lend money is created by private banks on a simple request for credit and

a promise of repayment. the sum is raised as soon as the loan is repaid that is a huge thing and it's. how we've always created money from the beginning and it's a wonderful thing if you have a banking system that can create credit like that is a very good thing. because it means you can create finance in a crisis you can bail out a id you could finance climate change you could you can finance a war and that's how we've always done this the public hasn't understood that the public things that money comes from me working hard if you know for as you know during the soil working hard and at the end of the month i earn some money. a lot wrong bali bomb get rid of it so the it that i'm going to be also the renewable. become leftovers player is going to bury the view of an awful. void that what a billion people really i believe it lives that i'm a lawyer for me to do because there are no board or little laws rocky did the new

york city lit up usually lectures on with there the order of a new orleans with the clay about it wanted to say about the piece also to know the gone piece also to know dollars and cents on this persona for example if it is another name to tell a soul economical love about his good city put to the put it document utility go to manassas on if you know he's going to do to look good on the central banks produce five percent of the credit in the world the private banks produce or create art of the net ninety five percent of the credit in the world and they have no virtually no regulation over that now what kay has argued in the one nine hundred thirty s. was we must manage this process it can create vast bubbles of debt it can go out of control. the nine hundred twenty nine wall street crash in the united states

prompted the british economist john maynard keynes to warn politicians. that machine needs to be controlled to benefit all of society not just speculators. when we managed the financial system between one thousand nine hundred five and one nine hundred seventy one there was not a single financial crisis anywhere in the world and then in one nine hundred seventy one the bank has lobbied and they said no no no we don't need controls you know the market will discipline us we will blah blah blah and we began to lift all these regulations and crises began one after the other first at the periphery and then in a coup. one thousand nine hundred nine saw the birth of the euro and the european central bank had been created to ensure its stability.

at the time global growth was strong the level of public debt was starting to decline europe was breathing easy. confident financial markets lent generously to governments and the weakest economies spain greece italy portugal suddenly had access to loans at very low interest rates close to those available to germany. that low cost financial windfall was an economic boost all was well thought out.

meanwhile in the united states america's housing bubble was expanding and in two thousand and seven the subprime crisis struck thousands of homeowners lost their homes they had taken out loans with interest rates that rose sharply and they found themselves unable to make their mortgage payments many banks were in danger. on september fifteenth two thousand and eight lehman brothers one of the largest u.s. investment banks collapsed like is that iran was our supplier. of an immense because it is serving much bigger to misunderstand the bonzi. so that your couscous a posse of honestly didn't mongols or so gives you the presumption to be wrong don't join them continue across the uk if if you know on to real humble

city debt good give it a presumption the currency get on play. is good it's going to hockey live for it could be done you can't use fondly the nickel sisters keep up the the surprise the us did in a while that was done ok bob almost did on his own may only have it the coming every other time is over develop of wa but also man of all illnesses. ok about your zorra russian the bronze is equal is commercial good i took up so i did a fade to disagree go on to just what is on it would suggest that the early months of. after the fall of lehman brothers european banks with close links to american banks risked bankruptcy in turn. governments only just managed to save them in order to avoid the collapse of the whole system. no one in office secretaries you want to

switch on that are keeping on no bond to god you have to prove the devil rip it is actually take you on to the proof. if your proof dog proof was three hundred proof or food near proven food in a prison guards in prison going to prison on a system if itis was. in spain and in ireland after the advent of the euro and thanks to loans from german french and british private banks developers invested heavily in real estate . and a bit will need to back order to the good media and the interest by new market is a or both back to on the longer. than yours morgan old labors while. speaker live on our own laugh in to do blair in gabby douglas cause he shifted new york on

one dot. com you're allowed like with the more you guardedly booklet victimized and order the book nowhere bad in the battle are. it in sybil a plenty ski said country back they better not go to a salad bar so shitty movie yet you see it lit it up. norbu daughters well want to go on fellows for disability or circle the last act if you don't do you want on their last program i when i did the drum or gas i get hard and take it home or to play better soon be back make it on bach if ya know he also can face a cost that he'd been did indeed peavey equal dollar and eva do conventional mass that you can often do that that people. june on al jazeera. with media trends constantly changing the listening post

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. cup. how does your old world of this time on agism. al-jazeera. wherever you are. this is all desire i'm dead with a check on your world headlines we begin with breaking news on the north and south korean leaders met saturday at the border village of poland drawn to discuss the proposed u.s. north korea summit and this comes a day. the u.s. president donald trump says he's had very productive talks with pyongyang aimed at

getting the summit back on track on thursday trump canceled the meeting with. but in his latest tweet the u.s. president said the talks could still take place on the june the twelfth in singapore andrew thomas has more from seoul nobody saw this coming not the south korean media not politicians outside of the korean peninsula with a complete shock and complete contrast to the summit that was held very publicly on april twenty seventh the the first big summit between the leaders of north and south korea this one the follow up clearly organized at the last moment clearly organized to secret held in secret and it's just happened it's clearly happened in the context of the only going off again summit between donald trump and kim jong un and the blue house the volume of the south korean president has put out a very brief statement saying that of course what was discussed was trying to get that big summit back on track arlen's prime minister says a change to restrictive abortion laws should be enacted by the end of the year vote

counting has begun in ireland after friday's referendum on relaxing the restrictions exit polls suggest around seventy percent of people are in favor of repealing what's called the eighth amendment the main group against changing the law has conceded official results are expected on saturday afternoon. indigenous people forced to leave their forced home in kenya are still waiting to return despite winning a court case against their vixen a year ago they all get people on the right to remain in the mao forest but the government has not helped them to return or paid the court ordered two million dollars in compensation. it's releasing a british citizen jailed under the country's terror. born man who was secretary general of the opposition group in both seven labeled a terrorist group by the government britain has been trying to secure his release

since his arrest those are the headlines back to on al-jazeera it's the news hour i will see you then by. two thousand and eight financial crisis threaten to completely disrupt the global financial system governments made the choice to bail out big banks and to rescue troubled economies after you move. the so that you lay borg. see good. and safe. a modern economy. extraordinary extraordinary even. the fairly. pretty and ample to do.

some. good some of. the best lead so. no thanks how do you know again first. to tell me that. she. could see people. don't read the book. busk you call it a says do p.c. signals c c c that is milby real label q.q. pretty. lawyer because if you do see if you can roll a new valve function and replace the debunker populous you couldn't. if governments had to bail out the banks it was because they could not be allowed to fail since

those banks are us they are the accounts of millions of citizens we are caught in the debt machine. the economic crisis and the government bailouts of the banks led to a spectacular increase in public debt in iraq the deck machine spiraled out of control. the first country to declare bankruptcy was greece in november two thousand and nine the newly elected prime minister george papandreou revealed the real figures that had been hidden by the previous governments greek public debt had reached one hundred twenty nine percent of g.d.p. well above the sixty percent threshold set by the master treaty. he asked for help

from europe. now you do some a good to see most. of the dead mice in a row by d.n.c. in n. it will be easy to miss and his most ethics is well you know in reason. that announcement was like a bolt of lightning striking. the german chancellor weighed in on the question of did in my. day off we did so god and obama is the end. of this i work on so i will need to get in line for some long last year so called and for tots like the common theme isn't that we do mothers of a movie is a lot of them are on their list even being online for to see him aren't in love you don't need a gun most commonly used as a model. in one thousand nine hundred two the

master treaty set out the terms for e.u. integration it forbade the european central bank from dating out indebted countries would european governments respect these terms with a guaranteed leases debt should part of it be restructured or cancelled or should they help greece pay its creditors the heads of state could not reach an agreement as europe hesitated and markets speculated on the greek debt confidence collapse the fear was that if greece restructured its debt might the markets pull back from spain from italy from la belle frost and might not europe bring upon itself the catastrophe that it so wished to avoid and therefore the argument was it is far better to give greece all the money it needs to repay its indebted notes then to run the risk that the market would

perceive a sovereign restructuring in europe. as infectious as contagious . only after six long months of crisis europe finally decided by resistance from germany to lend greece enough to pay its creditors. a small worn out whenever it has broke a new look gabriele suggested u.t. guiseppe baton logged as you know over the overpass unclear cement in his eye fell on i could problem in europe i would be close to rob it's not because it you know putting a buy you comment in this it be your bell on this you did do this looking as you know we do listen as we know it would dislocate if not it is it actually last year in a pretty hot back you're going to go me your number one man our own territory all basket you want. to do or dip in and immediately.

say brought a dollar us off it gets closer so this is about oprah keep the soups at a kiosk the p.v. . as you say if you ask about it not one euro of debt has been written down in these years what has changed is the identity of the creditor so money was owed to bondholders in two thousand and ten it's now on to the i.m.f. in the e.u. . if you can solve a debt crisis simply by changing the identity of a creditor and then this one is solved. being in debt isn't only about owing money it's also about being in the wrong is the financial data but also a psychological debt that weighs just as heavily on the inhabitants of the indebted country. debt and. kind of double jeopardy.

or did you it us economy so to decrease your. oh not days to finish joe bus. says if one day i want to capability economy. just because i happen to live in greece somehow i'm a sinner i'm a bad person because of some political acts done by political representatives of one kind or another. therefore it's ok for people to have their lives destroyed it's ok for people to have to pick through garbage and not have anything to eat it's ok for cancer patients to be denied medicine if we're ever going to have morality in the world we need to absolutely reject that logic if there's individuals responsible hold them responsible but don't hold

a college to very responsible for the deeds of. to resolve the greek debt crisis the e.u. granted financial assistance in exchange it imposed a draconian austerity program the country was placed under stewardship and lost part of its sovereignty it was placed under surveillance by the troika the three delegates of the european commission the european central bank and the international monetary fund. other over indebted countries in the euro zone will be controlled by the troika in turn and subjected to similar was thirty five which. was.

the sound of those protests reached all the way to brussels the troika had become a thorn so much so that the european parliament held a special session about the troika exactions national and european m.p.'s questioned european leaders he says they cannot be many up she may be years. to program others will be violent as the lover broke out of that other stuff we give a shit that asked them oh yeah it could it because i'm sure there's the degrees. yet if you asked again i got these theories a bit better frona yum of the two stars though the troika is the lover there make the human more p.c. caring for. yet the method. valid only mazzy we have a plan this is the problem up to where was the problem of the clothes then i want

to make go. and import a parliament in spanish and parliament in evolution parliament even though it's not so and above i don't want to go for one man and democratic surely you too much your own guns the needs. of the program of the vatican carbon and all of the guns under fire go. up that's vastly decent program in courts was the language the valan. given to us for. that's a low but i am absolutely confident sure that if greek did not implement the program the situation will be much worse today i am convinced of that you have these experiences to try to fit in since no we cease to sense what is. it to mean look stuff up reasons that the us yes could get a woman to susan. is the deficit because well it is the. gov contrails.

single you not only that you die if there's a god but if area you know. you are but not so you go to me or not. you open it up to predict which of. you is a disappointment the austerity programs were poorly implemented and poorly explained people came to resent you would start to look like an uncompassionate taskmaster all over the continent there was increasing support for nationalist parties anti finance and euro skeptic parties were gaining ground in reality as you have been willing to do their own of their own asking for i'll be very happy back to back if

they are gone after you are going liberate europe from the monster of brussels nuno and comment we should. we can see reaction to the liberalization of fright finance just as we saw it in the one nine hundred twenty s. and it's going to be ugly it will ready is ugly it's ugly in greece it's ugly in france it's ugly you know in many parts of the world where people are saying if my government went look after my interests if my government will not arrange for my young people to have employment then i will look for a strong man who will do that for me who will give me security and give my children employment security and i don't care what sort of strong manatees if he's a fascist i don't care if he promises to secure the stability of my life and my people i will vote for him i think that's where we are heading and i don't think our leaders have the vision to understand that's the threat that we face. what are

the solutions have. curd europe curve the death machine what mechanisms can it use . could it play on inflation as other countries did. live as you know jamie almost without it jimmy are probably almost out of it somehow always has written war on the for want of us here is covered up by the investor that out for me said out it don't go best kiss is cool with it really obvious that they saw it with years back thank god missile and i'm sure as best daughter they are now at the base here in waiting should i get your misandry programs likely to make a fortune for the price coffee yet as you know that a book a minute then i guess that your duty as it were to charge the poor of alberta for the number two place and a capacity you know the horses that in. following world war two french and german debt was two to three times higher than it is today

but inflation literally absorbed it. only by the dome of a little girl openly people. do system. until this was all that it was just in them and then it would be pretty good eliminate unique was one year old as you know . the wa the but harmonica more than the first and the first i want to know is that would. you put on more to so little to lima. as your song which twenty seconds were pretty. your dogs in the school madonna hardware on their dogs in mark so expertly and on the arms go soft as ice under linux. on this big committee politicked are in league and you know all roads are under and we're only. needed someone so on the server

i'm sure and so into naman i meant to have three to sign with an outdoor high's span is a dimension of going to his gate sind does end in via tug on the he had built we had an oil vice must all be mousing react there must be mention arm this condition of cover the politics and mention on some. tilt to the bank named to see the hologram and emerald number. less a closer look at the euro money. the strong euro benefits the countries of northern europe but penalizes those of the south. is the european union going to fall apart would gross return in reverse the trend. is for her how are her duties to kwara girl. who. radio host asked you for made the police officers the dead

download it off it was also when it's going off it said on the nanny who are in class ask him why and sit on it if i had to do pull saw or that you saw that it looked at the preuss don't see maggi name go i think i cross off i had to let it off and said i've explored all across all of us on the docket don't so much that i'm responsible says you know suppose go on. ski fulfill all of the phone says give for when you want it the nestle's up with dubious going to his duty but i don't suppose he did go over nailed it in that sleazy focus. this was on paul saul so as to do it all morning television critic david you know the two gable really good egg siebold isn't nomen to skew their asses on both sides sill book will know it's a dude little hope gandhi said the new food lepage if you need there's a limit. to have

a monetary union work effectively. what happens is that the more efficient regions or in the case of the eurozone countries become even more efficient and wealthier the poorer regions or less efficient regions become poorer and less efficient. italy south was industrializing until the country unified and in the end eight hundred sixty s. and seventy's and once that happened if you are an italian investor in the south why would you invest money in the south when you could earn more money by putting your savings in milan. or investing it in the north of italy so the south became steadily poorer so what did the italians have to do they had to get always and they still doing it had to send money to the south regularly not lend money but give grants. and in the old days they had the big gossipy metal door the funds for

southern italy which paid out tens of billions of dollars over a century i mean of the endless payments that have been needed the wealthier provinces have to send money to the poor provinces not lend money send it. but there is a catch the mustard treaty stipulates that each country must manage its debt. europe is far from being a case of union. and yet in two thousand and twelve for the first time the president of the european central bank the e.c.b. took action. the euro is irreversible we will do whatever it takes we lean our monday night within our mandate to have a single monetary policy in your area in to contain price the million euro area and

to preserve the. i don't indeed need to lose or let you know who niggas get he will prove it when i hear the new policy lebanese you even hear it would be in existence thought the push to be did dissociate with gifts kimmy libby lesser know more but torn that box on high up in gesture they actually be directional as well as situational lucian or small maximum pocky precisely what i don't know even exist about me as you all talk about what i most want hi all been do dishes on her litany left was one way to move that i don't want men to not hear it when it bad really matters if you know the dentist in atlanta if you're more on talk about sato up in jordan i said. what about simply writing off the debt.

cancellation can be done to preserve the social order because we don't transform it most revolutions involve cancellation of dance ironically german prosperity now is based on the cancellation of german that's after world war two it seems very ironic that the german public is absolutely unwilling to even renegotiate debts of countries like greece calling them that centers when in fact all debts were cancelled after world war two and it was that freedom. which actually made the german economic boom. the recovery let it sit on the finance any political one. because if it landed a dead girl by let a heckuva ass thirty pret is ricky better you want that about anyone or not is what we had this was about one global act truly those are all they do my go to again is obvious what i said but he did i say go up the saudis or be our boss said

vance i post on this and i go deep others will be added wolf i believe it was said this was not possible to survive it as we will check any gas have at it established ascii art it look it was well look it is having a dog who did it go look at that he lost it so i vaguely og up as good as likeable people eat like that b.b. so hateley bad apples are about he was a member of let me get rid. of it not succeed you still have to search for the prince you be a leg i suppose and do not lose all your legs it is due to be bruised don't do as it will turn for truly good you but he was going to use them for skill like never have a your ear yet he can have afternoon lift if you want to be double double to support him six one leg is two thirds of s. are. eleven good men best cure is you she. is wrong you don't fall over years from

part of asia knows you need to be in vogue for certain not among well known do exist as guys to see there were a system he used if he just any i'll pass on about on and don't include innocent he's guilty thought and they get the consequence you know dimity the western beaucaire damage done is what he put it quote. the least personally as we know. the e.u. has long been powerless against tax evasion switzerland austria and luxemburg have always championed bank secrecy the e.u. has taken action requiring increased transparency. if you know. what i thought of it you know what. that's what i'm at a few also someone young and objective. will form the world of the good is going to go on dominic welcome to don't disturb out about it

on t.v. to get off this you did love an illness your son is not for me domicile to go on and i don't know him or bottled. water and all the little that mischa all of newmont but it is the longer so you're going to cause we mara will do all that economy getting more extreme nor. do i do it democrates you see the view that he had to have you're not good little peter does it clip of you know him and he said volatile to go off on it when ylem is a real good on the bunch of cars but between there's offered to do are to do what you are contributing to you know that you don't do well such as you going to mr concrete has had to do so should. today date the economy and finance an ever present global reality we are all caught in the debt machine the debt its grip and its dictates have insinuated themselves into our work our relationships and our lives. only time will tell if we can actually

afford this must a seventh relationship to date. from a fresh coastal breeze. to watching the sunset on the australian outback. hello there we've got plenty of dry weather across the south america at the moment the satellite picture is just picking up the showers in the far northern parts of our map the south is largely fine and dry and it's not too hot at the moment for many of us either we're looking at a top temperature of around nineteen there in buenos aires for sentient were up at

around twenty eight further towards the southwest there we do have more in the way of trout and rain that's pushing its way through parts of chile might turn to snow at times but i think force in santiago it will be fine and dry and the temperature about twenty on sunday so not too bad on sunday there we will see a few more showers begin to develop over the northern parts of argentina and through europe why is well for the central americas we've had this can vary with this for a long time now and now within that we're seeing something slightly more significant begin to develop we're seeing a storm that's gradually going to be running its way towards the north it's going to be clipping the far western parts of cuba on its way path so bring in hans to mounds of rain here and there could be a little bit of flooding this area has been very wet over the past few days so the area where we're going to see the storm could well see worse damage than you might otherwise expect it's moving through pretty quickly though it's up towards the u.s. though as we head through sunday still plenty of rain behind it. the weather

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fluent in world news al-jazeera as investigative unit exposes the criminal gangs fixing international cricket matches sixty to seventy percent that is a good thing they say fix it fix bribing professional players they send beautiful goes to the players they give them houses rolex watches. pictures. please put five children. al-jazeera investigations cricket match fixes. this is al-jazeera. watching the news our life from headquarters in doha i'm dead in our brigade are coming up in the next sixty minutes. the leaders of north and south korea meet

again hoping to save the on again off again talks between kim jong un and donald trump. that you mentioned when the celebrations in ireland as early results suggest a win for the campaign to relax a tough abortion laws. and. hoping to return to their forests homes in kenya indigenous people celebrate victory against the government despite their year long wait for justice. and forest smile had all the days for it including brown madrid coach says christian or not all that was ready to put on another five star shall we say prepare to face liverpool and the champions league final. the north and south korean leaders have met again less than a month after their historic summits so the secret talks between moon giant and kim

jong un were again in the demilitarized zone and they discussed how to implement their declaration made last month and the proposed talks between kim and the u.s. presidents on thursday donald trump canceled that planned meeting in singapore blaming kim off open hostility in this letter right there twenty four hours later trump tweeted it could still happen on june the twelfth we have reporters in the u.s. and south korea following this latest development mike hanna will be joining us from washington d.c. in just a few moments but first we'll cross over to andrew thomas who will give us an update from seoul and tell us what more we're learning about the surprise meeting. well let's talk about what we do know and what we don't know first of all we know that this summit took place unexpected a big surprise no one in south korea was anticipating it at least not outside the presidential palace anyway and that in itself is very significant in the context of

these all off maybe still on summits talks between donald trump i'm kim jong un we know as well that the meeting took place in punk right on the border between north and south korea was actually held the just on the north side that's again very significant in what they call their unification house the north koreans tom gill got his the name of the building that talks were held in this is the first time that a south korean leader has crossed over into the north for some stansell talks in eleven years of course on april twenty seventh in those talks that summit between president moon and kim jong un president moon very briefly for about ten second starts into the north but this is significant two hours stretch that to a meeting on the north side symbolically that's important as well and we know from the pictures that the blue house the presidential palace here in cell has released that the two men were hugging at the end read into that what you will what we do and we also know very briefly that they talks again this is according to the blue

house for two hours and have an exchange of ideas for the successful resumption of the north korea u.s. talks that's what we do know what we do not know is who initiated this meeting was it president moon was it kim jong un we don't know that didn't don't trump know about this meeting in advance did he initiated it in any way we know that the morrow morning twelve hours from now ten o'clock seoul time president moon will come out in person and give what is been described by the blue house here as the result of this summit of these talks and we know from the yonhap news agency reporting here in seoul that at the same time the north koreans will give the result as. they see it on the north korean side so again twelve hours from now that's what we will know but really the big news is in the context of the on off maybe on summit which will be u.s. and north korea it looks as though president moon has wasted no time to hit the

ground running and he's doing everything he can to get that slum it back on track ok andrew thomas giving us the update from saw thank you mike hanna will join us now from washington d.c. and andrew just raising the question mike whether donald trump in fact even knew of this meeting so has there been any reaction from the white house and do we think this meeting will be a surprise to trump and the administration well that follows andrew's point about what we know and what we don't know there has been no formal reaction from the white house's year to the news of this meeting the two are meeting that took place there have been we know constant communication between the u.s. officials and north and south korean leaders throughout this process even after president trump called off that summit in singapore on thursday but in the last twenty four hours as well we've seen signs of a thaw from president trump indicating that that meeting could be set up again in

june however no clarity is here it and no formal knowledge meant of this meeting from the white house in the course of this morning but how likely is it mike that this summit on june the twelfth will still be will still be going ahead. well it's very difficult to predict you're talking about a very complicated meeting the complicated process in terms of setting a time and to unpredictable figures at that meeting president trump and. so certainly very very difficult to know exactly whether this will go ahead we've had it on again off again president trump's statement on thursday was very strong in terms of rejecting at the meeting and then as i said following up with a statement which appeared to indicate that he was considering setting it up again so very difficult to predict at this stage unpredictable characters involved deep

intense planning if this meeting would go ahead as well ok mike has given us the update from washington thank you. now the prospect of a summit between trump and came as a highly divisive issue in south korea while most people support better relations with the north conservative groups are firmly opposed up mcbride reports. these protests by right wing groups have been a regular feature in seoul every saturday afternoon since the president they supported popular and hey was forced out of office a year and a half ago and the protests have continued against the president who replaces million j. in an especially against his policy of engagement with north korea these are people who believe the north can never be trusted and that dialogue with north korea is simply dangerous folly. as well as

the korean flag and the other bandits you see here often in evidence in the stars and stripes these people believe the strong ally the united states provides the ultimate protection against north korea so the only again off again talks between trump and kim leaves many people here deeply conflicted. south korea and the u.s. are like one body will cause another war the north koreans are all law is and they use military force and don't respect human rights. dialogue just for the sake of dialogue won't do any good. presidential office the blue house now says that course you sleep optimistic that the summit will go ahead in singapore i'm going to joey to you people in south korea would agree with them these people may be against it but opinion polls show around three quarters of south koreans support ideas policy of engagement let's speak to say well he's the managing editor of korea exposé which has

a strong focus on north korea he's joining us from seoul thanks for speaking to us again so are you surprised that this summit has taken place second some of the tween south korean president and the north korean president well i am astonished to be honest with you and i'm sure i'm not the only one in south korea to feel this way i think the blue house system the tremendous draw keeping this secret until the very last minute and in fact according to the blue house seems as though not many people within the government knew about it either and the decision to have this meeting was very spontaneous coming from a phone call that there was actually being held between control and one gene sometime earlier today how do you think would have initiated this meeting well i mean there are conflicting reports but according to the statement i have seen it seems to both parties agreed ring the phone call that there are a lot of important matters to be discussed and it would actually be better to do it in person and to be honest this is not such

a difficult thing if there is will on the part of the both parties considering how close the d.m.z. to both ends holder will have to wait and see what the results of course are off the summit and we expect announcements to be made in about twelve hours time from both parties but does this mean then there is still hope for negotiations going forward and for the other summit to be held between trump and the north korean president. absolutely i think it shows very clearly that the two koreas are committed to engaging with each other and also with the united states and hopefully bring about peace here on the peninsula and i think what has also done is to show that he's still very much in charge of this process after donald trump canceled the summit in singapore there was a lot of damage here in south korea to his political capital because it seemed that he was actually not holding so much influence over what was happening and he was actually being slighted even by an ally such as to us and he's certainly done his

job to correct this perception by having this meeting together so domestically then this is an important to win for giant is it not it's a tremendous win for him when doing there was so much criticism of when genes conduct during the summit with donald trump because it seemed this trump was actually slighting moon and perhaps even saying that it's not necessary to listen to what moon has to say because he was just saying the same thing as before and this really close to a huge speculation in south korea but today i think all of that has been dispelled all right thank you very much for speaking to us say one coup from seoul. plenty more ahead on the al-jazeera news hour including a made charges that u.s. troops tortured detainees in yemen the american congress demands action standoff in brazil the president calls in the troops to deal with truck drivers on

strike and le bron james keeps the cavaliers championship hopes alive action from the n.b.a. eastern conference finals coming up a little later in sports. but first a quiet revolution that's how ireland's prime minister adds describing the purse to ease abortion laws. there were cheers and some tears at a vote counts in center early results so a two thirds win for the yes campaign in friday's referendum the iris prime minister says new laws should be in place by the end of the year while many were celebrating as you can see others were concerned about the implications of a change in the law. only different country than it was in you know if you see and i think it's a sad day for these countries personally i think that. in the long term i think it

can be deceiving that you know basically them it meant that the women.