which for years has been the most favored route between libya and italy by migrants and refugees what's the significance of june well of course that was when the right wing populist government was sworn in in italy threatening to close ports to refugee arrivals and here in spain the socialist government has signaled perhaps a more open policy to receiving new arrivals of course with all this comes grave danger and if you look at the number of migrant deaths in sea off the coast of spain well those are now up more than four hundred percent. wednesday is world refugee day more than sixteen million people have joined the growing numbers displaced from their last their homes in the last year and turkey hosts more than any other country as forthcoming election has focused attention on the four million syrian refugees living there and generally they have been welcomed but as the economy slows they fear they'll bear the fallout mohamed vall has more from gaza on tap. ahmed is

a bad man. he has kidney problems so severe has to wear a catheter. the family also has to care for his six year old daughter. she lost her sight when she was a baby. shortly after the family fled their home in aleppo and the heavy bombardment by the syrian army has been wrecked lama has problems with speech and movement despite years of medical examinations no one knows what's caused her disabilities which people have been who've been in the house and not feel well and as are a lot of we were surprised by her illness aside begin to deteriorate rapidly after we left aleppo doctors in turkey also didn't understand why she couldn't speak normally it's strange because she can easily memorize and repeat whatever we say in front of her but when she talks she's not articulate. still sons don't go to school

he says he's had problems of rolling them but the family needs the money they get us to longs apprentice's their wages supplement twenty ns working in a plastics factory one situation shows some of the complex problems of the devil the lives of about four million people fled the war in syria and became refugees in turkey majority of them have set up in cities from managed to find out why less than twenty percent still live in camps near the border. life in these camps is not easy while the refugees get food and other necessities they can't work or move around freely. or stay here for there or. there is no. change in their. marriage and yes both need troops are still in the cities this. means my years on the side. as the turks prepares to vote in

a general election the status of syrian refugees has become a campaign topic. to keep to stabilize syria to the point where if you feel safe enough to go for many votes a distant dream but they're more secure than the thousands of people topped on the syrian side of the border they don't target a few statists the army provides them with some protection but to them not allowed to cross into turkey and you know afraid to return home. and near the turkish syrian border south sudan's harbor later where shar has arrived in addis ababa for a meeting with president salva kiir karen michel are invited for talks by the ethiopian prime minister it'll be their first meeting sense of peace deal between the government of bashar as rebel for fell apart in two thousand and sixteen tens

of thousands of people have been killed since a civil war broke out in south sudan five years ago eritrea sending a senior delegation to the o.p.o. two weeks after the ethiopian government or agreed to withdraw its forces from the disputed border regions eritrean president assayas africa welcomed the decision and decided the effort was positive earlier this month ethiopia announced it would fully accept the terms of the peace agreement signed eighteen years ago and seventy thousand people were killed during a two year border war between the two countries that began in one thousand and ninety eight. central african republic has rejected former tennis star boris becker claims that diplomatic immunity and says the official passport he has is fake becker says he was appointed as a sports attache for the country and april issued diplomatic travel documents he says that gives him immunity against bankruptcy proceedings in london. according kenya has refused to allow local doctors to block an attempt by the government to

employ staff from cuba the doctors say the cuban recruits will be paid more than there and the government defended its plans citing a shortage of workers in state hospitals catherine sawyer reports in the capital nairobi. he's a cane years new government doctor is cuban medical specialists will be deployed to some of the country's most understaffed and ill equipped public hospitals local doctors are angry one to action saying the process was flawed and adding there are almost two hundred specialists in kenya who are unemployed and even those in work and not being paid as much as the cubans. kind as you're speaking they have there in this country the question the argue is that is about numbers that is why we even agree that hundred doctors cannot help the whole process that is true but what we are seeing in the process of hiring these doctors at high ask your salary it is because if two rate of doctors. the decision to hire foreign doctors stems from the

government's frustration over frequent doctors strikes including one last year that lasted four hundred days and crossed major disruptions to services in public hospitals. george muti saw struggles to get the specialized care he needs he often has to travel from his rural home to this hospital on the outskirts of the capital he told us it has taken him four days to see a specialist the situation is worse in with he says hometown some rural hospitals have not had a specialist in years the doctor patient ration the country is one to seven and a half thousand that's seven times more than the double heechul recommendation of one to a thousand. or more are not a member of the. system . you know we're in that. before you know. the court has dismissed the case by the

doctor to be off the hiring of the specialists from cuba the doctor sees that he's going to appeal some kenyans are happy with the new arrivals they say that patients who can only afford public health care need all the help they can get but they also know that this doctors need to adequately medical supplies and properly meant to be able to do their jobs well kathy soliah al-jazeera nairobi. north korea's leader has told china has country will do all it can to protect peace kim jong un is in beijing where he briefed president shushan paying on his meeting with u.s. president donald trump and singapore earlier this month it is kim's third visit to china since march malcolm davis is a senior analyst at the australian strategic policy institute he says he doesn't think north korea will denuclearize despite having promised to do so. i don't think denuclearization will happen that's the key issue the north koreans talk about

denuclearization of the korean peninsula and this is the exact same woods they've used every single time they have engaged with the united states and south korea on diplomacy going back to the nineteen ninety's in each time the north koreans have violated agreements that we've signed with them the north koreans have every incentive to hang on to their nuclear weapons as their sole source of international leverage and i think that president trumps decision unilaterally to cancel the upcoming military exercise of strain south korea and the united states was a mistake it was a concession up front to north korea in return for nothing in response and it weakens the u.s. hand going forward so i think that from china's perspective they would ultimately like to see the u.s. withdrawn from south korea certainly and preferably from northeast asia as a whole. police in ukraine have stopped as administrators from storming the

parliament building. more than a thousand war veterans and miners protested against plans to reduce their benefits over five hundred police officers have now been deployed outside parliament. as armed forces backed by the government try to regain control of the city a messiah peace talks between the government and the opposition have been put on hold as the violence continues to shake the central american nation. has more from . right confrontations between anti-government protesters and paramilitary groups have claimed more lives in messiah nicaraguan police and government backed militias fired on demonstrators as scores of people fled to their homes for cover the latest offensive by police comes after representatives of the resistance movement in messiah declared they would no longer allow themselves to be governed

by a president or they're. going to. the blood of our brothers who have been cowardly murdered demand that we continue belligerently and unwavering towards the fight until or take it is gone. messiah is where much of the most brutal fighting has been concentrated as police attempted to regain control of the city massed protesters huddled behind barricades to shield themselves from live rounds one demonstrator continued to fire his homemade mortar at police even after being shot in the arm but i'm not some of us is that and there's no. i've been shot with a bullet here it's not possible that we're going to give up easily messiah is ready to fight and using our mortars we will kick them out long live messiah. the political crisis in the one is now in its second month after protests over pension reform plan were met with violence by the government a growing opposition movement is now calling for the immediate resignation of president or at least one hundred eighty six people have died since the start of

the conflict law enforcement authorities maintain that their efforts are to combat a delinquent movement that is part of a conspiracy against the government commerce in messiah once a popular tourist has been halted with all roads leading into the city blocked off there are now reports that food and supplies are running out one of the main conditions for the peace talks to resume is for president or if they got to end the repression against anti-government demonstrators without a stop to violence against civilians it's hard to imagine a national dialogue that will successfully restore the peace anytime soon. russia is all but guaranteed to qualify for the next round of the fee for world cup after defeating egypt on tuesday night. russians are the lowest ranked team at the turn lead but they won three to one st peters for counting well she can see celebrations there so egypt is now unable to

qualify for the knockout phase. they banned former fifa bosses at the world cup at the invitation of russia's president sepp blatter was pushed out in two thousand and fifteen for at the expire lation says part of a corruption scandal he was banned from all football related activities for six years the eighty two year old is expected to watch two games but it's not known if he'll meet president vladimir putin. you know this week. do. you still see the organizing committee to do. to she resumed to. take you. to the program that you know of free to you and then you to be. norway has tested a two seater electric plane with the hope of starting passenger flights by two thousand and twenty five the transport minister and the head of the airport operator took the j.v.

flight around also the government wants to make alter mastic flights electric twenty forty regions of the world's top buyers of electric cars and ninety eight percent of their electricity comes from hydro power. this is kind of the first example that we are moving fast forward we do have to make sure that it's safe people will not fly if they don't trust it but twenty years from now it is twenty years it's both really short chirpy one way but it also gives a slimier development for trying it out and i think when we come to twenty forty this is going to be a reality. as a recap of the headlines on al-jazeera the government troops in yemen with the backing of the saudi emirate a coalition say they have taken control of who data's airport but fighting still continues troops are also cutting off who's the supply lines to the east of the city it's part of an attempt to retake the strategically important seaport israeli

military says it has hit at least twenty five targets in gaza linked to hamas the strikes reportedly in response to around forty five rockets fired from the strip towards israeli territory the strikes were intercepted u.s. republicans say they are or will work on legislation to end the political crisis around the president's policy of separating migrant children from their parents at the southern border democrats though say they are not willing to support that bill instead they say donald trump can solve the problem with the simple executive order and the american civil liberties union is suing the trump administration for violating the constitution. the administration keeps talking about how this is designed to make people follow the rules but people who have been following the rules have also suffered family separation people who have presented at the ports of entry as they are supposed to do have had their children taken away from them so the narrative that this is only targeting people who have broken the law is

a lie earth korea's leader has told china that his country will do what it can to protect peace kim jong un is visiting for the third time since march china's president shushan playing on meeting president donald trump in singapore earlier this month. there's been more violence in the garage after the latest round of talks between the government and protesters failed at least two people died in the city of messiah after police and paramilitaries confronted demonstrators earlier protest leaders abandon talks mediated by the catholic church canada has become the second country in the world to legalize recreational marijuana the federal government could issue licenses within eight to twelve weeks for producers to sell cannabis if you will be able to grow up to four plants. those are the headlines keep it here on al-jazeera p.l.o. history of a revolution it's next keep it or. getting to the heart of the matter

if well stuff i can see the turkish cypriot leader calls you today and says let's have talks would you accept facing realities what do you think reunification of look like there are two people think the peace for unification is the only option for prosperity of south korea here their story on talk to al-jazeera. in one nine hundred forty eight the state of israel was proclaimed. palestine was lost. sixteen years later in one thousand nine hundred sixty four the palestine liberation organization or the p.l.o. was founded. made up of different factions the p.l.o. has been at the heart of the struggle to regain palestine ever since.

by the end of the sixties the palestinians had become masters of their own destiny . but a bloody showdown was on the horizon. not with israel but with fellow arabs. the palestinian commando movement emerged as a force to be reckoned with in the region following the defeat of the arab states in the one nine hundred sixty seven. the palestinians had taken their first step towards emancipation from the arab world. and that. would allow us at the arab league all of these factors death to look at blow to the arab custodianship of the palestinians and their cause and thus palestinians became the masters of their

destiny. the palestinians took full advantage of the state of chaos suffered by the defeated out of regimes palestinian guerrilla factions the most prominent of which was fatah consolidated their grip on the refugee camps in the arab world hundreds of fresh recruits and rolled to join these factions the image of young for the even more freedom fighters clad in the traditional palestinian headscarf became an icon of resistance. egyptian president jammeh knob nasr cast aside his initial misgivings and embraced but. at the same time he dissolved his traditional alliance with the arab nationalist movement a rival palestinian faction to father. of the not that. nasr broke off his relationship with the arab nationalist movement and adopted not only did they adopt that but he also took out a fight with him on a trip to moscow while the hell outta play him up an aussie and buffalo i walked in and not submit me across the room and lo and behold the soviet troika got tough

and walked towards me and greeted me and. the next day they launched an official dialogue with minute of him. other arab regimes also vied for influence among the palestinians as a way to gain leverage on the regional scene both iraq and syria encourage the establishment of new palestinian factions allied to them at the classified cia document found that fact that independence had influenced serious decision to set up a palestinian faction whose allegiance lay firmly with damascus the syrian government unable to subvert fatah for use as a political weapon recently organized a group known as the vanguard of the people's liberation war but not all arab states held the palestinians in such high esteem king hussein was still reeling from the loss of the west bank in one thousand nine hundred sixty seven illustrated the photo to be that. israel's occupation of the west bank effectively meant the

loss of half the country imagine a person suddenly having to walk on one leg that's why the one nine hundred sixty seven war was such an earthquake for jordan. in jordan one palestinian strolled through the streets enjoying freedom of movement and launching operations from jordanian territory against israel jordan began to view these attacks with increasing alarm nasr was assisting the palestinians in training and arms but he ensured that no operations were launched from egyptian territory without stringent egyptian control and coordination father and other palestinian factions acted with much greater freedom within the weaker state of georgia. in one thousand nine hundred eighty nine palestinian commandos shot down a lebanese army helicopter during clashes with the lebanese state and egyptian brokered agreement known as the cairo accord put an end to the clashes. but the accord effectively legitimized the presence of on palestinian factions on lebanese

soil something which was to have serious consequences for stability eleven on in the years to come. besides creating waves in arab regimes the palestinian factions also revolutionized their own society in one thousand nine hundred eighty nine for the leader yasser arafat was elected chairman of the p.l.o. the election marked a new era the guerrillas were in the ascendant overthrowing the traditional hold of more established palestinian families such was the impact of the p.l.o. on the fedayeen that out of its image had made the cover of time magazine. but it was in jordan the base for most of the palestinian factions where there for the eons growing assertiveness caused most problems they had set up a state within a state in jordan and the actions they planned and carried out soon began to rock the region. armed gunmen roam the streets of the capital amman and jordan's other main cities like in a bit and suck up. palestinian guerrillas no longer restricted themselves to bases

in the more inaccessible parts of the country complaints about palestinian access is quickly mad at thirty five be honest about it between one thousand nine hundred sixty seven and one nine hundred seventy one and there were more than thirty thousand cases of lawlessness from the throwing of hand grenades to premeditated murder there were even attacks against his majesty the king all of this was tolerated with tremendous patience by his majesty because i think he felt a certain responsibility for the events of one thousand nine hundred sixty seven. to his dying days he felt it especially the loss of jerusalem. king hussein may have felt for the loss of jerusalem in the west bank in one thousand nine hundred sixty seven but his patience with the palestinians was beginning to wear thin for their part palestinian figures to this day contend that dark forces were at play determined to bring about a showdown. let the command be able to be honest

we're not saints in jordan we made mistakes but these mistakes were made out to be sent to then in intelligence used to create their own field day in organizations whose role was to wreak havoc in the country we a privileged one such organization set up by military intelligence with some seventy members we deported them to syria and we later released them the revolutionary zeal of the palestinians knew no boundaries radical leftist ideology could be seen sprayed on mosque walls private property was considered up for grabs have a. lot. this left and zeal i call a delicate childhood manifested itself in the celebration of lennon's birthday and deliver marxist speeches from puppets of mosques it was an excuse for theft expensive cars would be stolen and the excuse was that they belonged to the bush war classes it was leftist immaturity i had that if they were absent provocation and the democratic front for the liberation of palestine used to paint slogans such

as all power to the resistance what does this mean it means that the democratic front was working towards the overthrow of the door doing your gene or that tensions were rising on the streets of on the dominant palestinian faction fatah attempted to distance itself from such excesses but the artifact could not or would not rein in the different factions and was unable to prevent the situation spiraling out of control groups such as the popular front and the democratic front were independent factions over which arafat exerted little control things began to come to a head in july one nine hundred seventy when palestinian factions in jordan staged massive rallies condemning president nasser for accepting a peace plan submitted by u.s. secretary of state william rogers palestinian demonstrators shouted insults at nasa the egyptian leader was furious for they have a car rally and they got out of the house nasser's aid hagel said what are you

doing the president is upset you are swearing at us and using the radio station we're provided you with an egypt to do it. then nasir received us in alexandria he said he had been pacing up and down for two hours trying to stop himself from saying anything that would hurt us. with tensions increasing in jordan it was a bad time for the palestinians to fall out of favor with nasa to this day some palestinians feel the egyptian leader gave a nod then the week to king hussein of jordan punish the palestinians yeah. that's true he told king hussein to twist our ear but he didn't ask him to massacre us. and then nasser went to murder someone threw up so he would not being cairo when things came to a head. but the jordanians were still in two minds about what course of action to pursue against the armed palestinians in their midst prime minister was recommended

a more conciliatory approach. i don't know much and of the depth to which we i told him the palestinians will not withdraw unless they are faced with a superior force so what. are you dissenting what i said no this is our recommendation based on the intelligence available to us. his majesty then intervene and the doctors in my recommendation. on september sixth one nine hundred seventy the popular front for the liberation of palestine or p f l b force the jordanians hand. it hijacked airliners belonging to swiss air and t.w.a. eight and forced them to land at a disused runway in the jordanian desert known as dawson's field and. a third hijacking of an israeli aircraft was boarded midair with one hijacker killed and the other captured. the plane landed in london and the hijacker leyla khalid

was taken into custody. then at the f.l.b. member in bahrain hijacked a british airliner and forced it to fly to dawson's field to join the other two hijacked planes. this spectacular act of air piracy was masterminded by a senior b f l b leader called where the accident. the b.s.l. pin was born from the remnants of the arab nationalist movement and headed right towards us it adopted a revolutionary marxist doctrine when the hundred was one of its co-founders he had become a mastermind of airline hijacking. beginning in one thousand nine hundred sixty eight hundred had put his theories of revolutionary violence into practice by hijacking several israeli and western aircraft but the multiple hijacking in one thousand seven hundred was his most important feat to date it required meticulous even scientific planning by the end never shut it off during the planning stages

when he had sent in g.'s and surveyors to those on field they had returned with a recommendation that their own way could handle modern jets where he had that has shit or atilla make and yes he can yeah k. been up but i had to get done what they are that spoke in charge or he was obviously the man in charge he told our chief of staff to pull the jordanian tops back he added that if we didn't comply he would immediately blow up the planes within seconds and he emphasized that in english by saying i mean it. i remember this clearly. on september twelfth the p f l b removed the passengers and blew up the planes. with his hold on power rapidly disintegrating king hussein formed the military cabinet to finally deal with anarchy and his country. the cabinet included intelligence officers are now on the board gallatin letty clearly when the military cabinet was formed on september

sixteenth i became minister of information it was told me i would be the principal negotiator with the palestinians he said we would scare them into coming to the negotiation table he never said anything about driving them out of door to. prime minister was peter's conciliatory approach did not win the day the jordanian army had other plans and deployed in full force into the streets of amman jordan to other cities vicious street battle soon erupted between army troops and palestinian groups fighting for their lives the fifth day you put up a stiff resistance in the face of a jordanian army bent. on exacting revenge for all the humiliations it had endured at the hands of the us casualties mounted with the palestinians estimating that around four thousand people were killed most of them civilians never a fan of any. civilians bear the brunt of urban warfare we

estimate that we lost around nine hundred and fifty fighters in black september and as for the civilians out of fact exaggerates and says around ten thousand died but the real figure is around forty five thousand civilians killed. in the region out of anger mounted at what was perceived as an attempt at liquidating the palestinian liberation movement promises of military assistance to the palestinians from iraqi forces stationed in jordan failed to materialize or whatever. the iraqi forces stationed in jordan were non-sale to assist the palestinians their duty was to aid the defense of jordan against israel they did the lives of palestinians down while iraq kept its forces out of the fighting the rival bathurst government in damascus sought to intervene in syria mobilized its armed forces and sent them into jordan to support the p.l.o. fighters however syrian defense minister half of the assad refused to provide air cover to the advancing syrian army king hussein contemplated the unsavory option of

requesting israeli air support in a bid to beat back the syrian advance first the israelis agreed to mobilize their forces to get the syrians attention. and then and that's all they did actually but they were ready to use the their air force if requested. we managed to get the message back to them that the king doesn't want you to go in on the ground we don't want you to but mobilization is fine don't do anything until we say to that is get ready to to act if necessary but don't do anything and as you probably know this was a dramatic moment. king hussein used his own air force and the last. stood down the syrian air force he he knew that the israelis might go into action if the syrian air force acted. and the large area that can fuck up the law and then you can laugh at i remark of half of the circle i am and i'm not sure what the

determining factor was for us or. was it his relationship with the jordanian regime was internal power struggle within syria but it had anything to do with the threats he was getting from the americans and israelis not to intervene he was aware of all of this and he may have used the circumstances to his advantage because shortly afterwards he mounted a coup to tell and came to power. as its position at this time would be a precursor to his future split with yasser arafat the palestinians were now on the run. an arab league delegation headed by sudanese president just an ameri and including kuwait defense minister schiff saad lab arrived in the jordanian capital and managed to whisk a besieged just that i found out to cairo. there at eleven a lot of the arab delegation came to a man they dressed arafat in kuwaiti role and smuggled him out check sad was a hero on september twenty seventh one thousand seven hundred nasser brokered the

cease fire agreement which was signed by artifacts and get. the following day nasser died leaving the palestinians without their. father hussein signed a further agreement regulating the presence of palestinian fighters and doing what some palestinians refused to accept the view. they remained collapsed and in july ninth in seventy one king hussein continued his attack. the jordanian army overran the remaining p.l.o. bases in. forcing the palestinians to capitulate. some palestinian fighters chose to give themselves up to israeli forces across the river jordan

rather than surrender to what they viewed as a grim fate at the hands of the jordanians. and so forth the palestinians would term the events that led to their expulsion from jordan as black september. the p.l.o. had held sway over large areas of jordan now it was transformed into a broken movement in search of a sanctuary one affect us leaders otherwise known as abu iyad was determined that the p.l.o. remain a force to be reckoned with despite the defeat in jordan. and tom imam will have. little that apple is yet gathered a group of us and said you have to prove to the world that the revolution has survived. you must show the world the long arm of the revolution.

that we had announced the birth of a new group which came to be known as the black september organization taking its name from the conflict with jordan. in november of one nine hundred seventy one at an out of the finance ministers council in cairo black september struck its first blow. the target was this man jordanian prime minister was at that home palestinians accused of responsibility for their expulsion from.