but. the retreat began when the israelis launched a massive counterattack the first division started to retreat before the israeli army. when it did it had almost two hundred fifty tanks and the infantry brigades behind it they started to retreat to this resulted in the advance of the israeli army i remember that day the president issued an order dismissing the commander of that division and appointing another in his place or. man. stories emerged that assad's punishment for his commanders went beyond mere dismissal. and as. i remember yes more than one officer was arrested and it said that some of them were executed. there was one senior commander that president assad summoned and asked him to account for himself with the commander who then shot himself in front of the president.

assad's rage was born of the anger he felt towards his allies in cairo. the egyptians had successfully stormed across the canal on the first day of war. they had quickly established a defensive bridge had ten kilometers deep and repulsed all the israeli armored attacks. but since then they had moved not an inch further east into sinai. affair the liver ace said the president has said kept calling president sadat telling him mr president advance the whole israeli armed forces are in front of us and we are taking aerial strikes by the entire israeli air force there is nothing stopping you from advancing deep into sinai as we agreed but there was no answer to. what is your. eight months earlier and to

meeting in egypt set out on our side had forged a plan with a common purpose they had agreed to launch a war against israel on two fronts. but now it seemed the two presidents had entirely different concepts of the war they had planned together. as a told me that from the moment of the seizure of power is ambition his dream was to avenge the defeat of my sixty seven when syria had lost the go along the to israel with us and them self have been defense of the stuff so i think you felt as with personal responsibility for the recovery of the land. assad saw the war which he was planning as the war of liberation. sadat on the other hand had been planning for a limited war. to focus the minds of the world superpowers and jumpstart the stalled peace process. i wouldn't use

a gun when president said that came to power he met with us in march nineteenth seventy one he told us i just need to get things back on track just give me ten centimeters of land in the east and that will be enough to show what i had. a week into the war sadat's possible target had already been surpassed it seemed a swift victory might be in sight. in the early hours of october the thirteenth he was woken for an urgent meeting. the british ambassador had come with an offer to broker a united nations cease fire resolution the israelis he told sadat were ready to accept the cease fire based on the current positions. sadhaka shade side not some israeli army had been hit hard the israeli army was ready to accept a cease fire it was defeat at that moment a terrible defeat and we were ready to accept that which shows that we've given up

hope of winning the war. seduced by success sadat now refused the british offer. he would only accept a ceasefire he said if israel withdrew from the whole of sinai things are going very well so for saddam he would want to stop the war something dramatic had to be done to persuade him to to agree to a cease fire or maybe even to get him to request a cease fire and. the only thing that could work was crossing of the canal that might scare them enough. but the egyptians alive to the possibility at how to arm the divisions with over two hundred tanks each and a second line of defense west of the canal. it was a problem of which israeli chief of staff general divied deli as it was

a well away. before crossing the canal he wanted to drop those two armored divisions to the israeli side for two reasons one not to have to cross while those to the business are waiting for him on the bank of the canal when you're very vulnerable number two to have them is really so i worry can meet them on israel's terms. general i was sure that a second phase of the egyptian attack would begin on october the ninth. with those two armored divisions crossing the canal to advance in sinai strategic passes some forty kilometers to the east. but the egyptian plan was to stay put. yet forty eight hours later president sadat gave a new and surprising order to his woman ista general. they were to go ahead with

just the second phase the advance that it had been waiting for you. on october eleventh. came to me and said we want to advance to the past as i told him it was not possible for many reasons and one can actually get it to. get moshe he came again on the twelfth and said we want to go ahead with the advance to take the pressure off syria i told him we can take the pressure off syria the enemy air force is capable of holding any front west then he said with a get. well again on the wealthy for the third time he said no this is a political decision and it has to be implemented c.s.e. or with their fees. after a long debate with a shadley general a smile issued orders to the commanders of egypt second and third field to begin

the advance east. yeah there was almost immediately both of them called me and said we can carry out this world as the minister sent us that's what i was told by saddam our moon and i've been when i was alone and sad i won't even said he's ready to hand in his resignation. that night the two commanders was summoned to center ten the egyptian armed forces command center in cairo. heads up watch right till midnight it is made was just like a broken record this is a political decision and it has to be implemented if you don't it's tantamount to mutiny so all we could manage to do was to postpone the start of the attack until the fourteenth we delayed for twenty four hours. ironically at almost exactly the same time egyptian commanders were arguing over an attack from west to east the israelis were locked in their own debate about an

attempt at crossing and the other direction. attending the stormy meeting in goldeneye years. office was seasoned near the head of the israeli intelligence must sat. reading was go and tell a bit with the. inner cabinet and the general staff. in the middle of the discussions someone entered and whispered into chisholm years here and he excused himself went out as a man returned with astonishing information from an impeccable source a spy operating at the heart of affairs and kyra. the egyptians were on the point to moving their armored divisions across the canal. next day thirteenth of october confirmation arrived in israel. an american spy plane as saw seventy one black but at photograph the suez canal front with high

resolution cameras. recognizance pictures showed the west bank was suddenly empty of egyptian tanks. the egyptians were committing their biggest mistake of the wall. the israelis would do nothing to stop them. over he will all be the commander of the twenty first armored division told me i was surprised because while we were crossing from west to east i expected to be hit by the israeli air force but nothing happened not a single tank was hit and the crossing from west to east they just let us in. with a little bit of trouble. the egyptian plan was to make for some thrusts towards the sinai strategic passes and crossroads. three of

the assaults would be made by ahmed brigades. the central push would be by a full division the twenty first ahmed. at six thirty in the morning of the fourteenth of october the egyptian army moved east. of the one we're going to where there are spoke to those that like a good fit in the regular order is over for about a week suddenly out of a rupture of our egyptian tires. the israelis were waiting for the tank assault in pre-prepared positions on the ridges east of the egyptian bridgeheads. the tanks came up and boom boom boom boom. and the first few minutes of the battle the gypsum twenty first armored division suffered significant casualties. possession. of video of the war one of the armored brigade commanders was martyred

corno a say you. also his chief of staff was injured and the commander of their total brigade was martyred. there was a lot of confusion at the front of. the award. will be afloat it's awful lot saw us of all we definitely succeeded in stopping dozens if not hundreds of egyptian tanks and blowing them up with not many casualties on our side during the action. before the course lot by midday on the fourteenth of october two hundred fifty tanks had been lost. the egyptian general command ordered all advancing forces to retreat westwards to the bridgeheads. there at the house it was an attempt to relieve the pressure on the syrian front but it didn't do that how could we do that the distance between us and them is five hundred kilometers how could we relieve the pressure. in fact by the time the egyptians launched their

attack the syrian front had already been stabilized. israelis had been forced to halt their advance by the arrival of iraqi troops. begin very very in their home after. they arrived and surprised our forces when they attacked. we had put out an alert that the iraqi forces are moving towards the goal line but we couldn't tell them the precise location. so that came as a surprise. they tried to place part of the blame on us but what could be done. because over. iraq a third army division had moved swiftly from its bases around baghdad towards the golan a distance of over a thousand kilometers. levels than. we arrived that night and the

outskirts of damascus it was guarded by syrian civilians the things they said to was that night the eleventh of october shocked us are you iraqis yes we are iraqis for god's sake save our own. we thought it was a total victory that was a huge shock we started to realize that the situation had completely changed. how the our souther also there. despite their fatigue the iraqi forces were rushed to the front to reinforce syrian troops retreating before the advancing israelis. shorter so i we had penetrated deep into syrian territory i climbed a couple of observation towers i saw the air was full of dust and i assumed it was one of our forces on the move the division commander called me in and told me that

a very large force was moving towards us and that it was very close something like a thousand meters away in a fit. of you heard them open. and that situation that was a strategic victory on the syrian front the timing was perfect if it happened come just twenty four hours later it would have been much tougher and the israeli forces would have reached the gates from damascus or less well. five squadrons of the iraqi air force. some sixty at craft were flown to syria to make up for losses sustained by the syrian air force so wolf if you can see some maturity in the iraqi prison sort of the syrian pilots up tied for the bottom even the most his didn't know how compilers from iraq are up for the fight why the syrians are reluctant to leave babies so it turned into a competition to carry out their missions and that in view could watch what he said

. with the arrival of the participation of iraqi forces in the war the jordanian army was now straining at the leash. have that happy if. it was very embarrassing for us i mean it embarrassed of making the same a lot because there were two arab countries who had territory occupied in one nine hundred sixty seven and jordan was a third arab country whose territory ha been occupied in one nine hundred sixty seven but those two other countries are fighting to regain what they lost while you're not i remember i attended one of the meetings and held with the military and i saw how much pressure they put on him to go to the war. but it doesn't give it the jordanian forces.

being. well just. that the iraqis and jordanians were not the fust to arrive. five months before the outbreak of the war on the second of morocco has sent a brigade to support the syrian front the moroccan brigade was given the name. they didn't want us over with. vax pression to lead them means home or complain that. the americans were given the task of guarding the. east and foothills of mount hermon. limited your bullshit. more expeditionary forces would soon arrive from other arab countries. but. on the syrian front we first faced the moroccan brigade later the iraqis came and we fought them too. then later the jordanians came along after that the saudis so

we found four armies there we had to fight to not go. the israelis had suffered heavy losses but they had also achieved significant gains in the last four days. they had advanced to within thirty five kilometers of damascus and occupied new territories to bring to the bargaining table after the war. now their initial goals in the north achieved the israelis were about to turn their attention south to digits since. the plan to cross the suez canal had been finalized and given the name stout hearted men.

an estimated one hundred thousand lives cruelly ended over a century ago. a distant past not to the descendants of the sawtooth. a tale of colonialism and racial supremacy unravels in the quest for justice and recognition of the sacrifices of tribal people in the middle. skulls of my people a witness documentary on which is here. is the problem and with the headlines on al-jazeera the u.s. supreme court has voted to uphold president donald trump's travel ban on paper from five muslim majority countries calls it a tremendous victory for the american people the ban for habits most people from ever on libya somalia syria and yemen from entering the u.s.

. says a great victory for our constitution we have to be tough and we have to be safe and we have to be secure at a minimum we have to ensure that we vet people coming into the country we know who's coming in and we know where they're coming from. i just have to go is coming here. meanwhile seventeen u.s. states is suing president trump's administration for splitting up migrant families they want to force officials to reunite children with their parents two thousand three hundred children have been separated in recent weeks trump signed an executive order this month to end separations. amnesty international is accusing me on mars arming of carrying out a planned and systematic campaign against the revenger its latest report names thirteen military personnel it says of responsible for war crimes including murder rape and for starvation the human rights group says they should be tried at the

international criminal court. proceeding and government forces so they have retaken two towns of the strategic province of that are the u.n. says at least forty five thousand have fled and tens of five fighting in the south they heading for the georgian border but the government there says it won't let them and the u.n. says it's counted small and eight hundred cases of children being used in the fighting in yemen a new report accuses both rebels and the saudi of a rotty coalition of recruiting child soldiers some as young as eleven years old many guarded checkpoints in government buildings and took a quick message to military positions. navy divers have reentered a flood and cave in northern thailand to search for a football team missing for three days these are live pictures from the opening of the cave twelve boys and their coach had gone exploring on saturday when vising water from a heavy rainstorm rocked the only exit rescuers are confident they are still alive because the cave is several kilometers long prayer rituals are being held for

a safe return those are the headlines on al-jazeera the war in october continues next. during the war in october nine hundred seventy three ariel sharon was the general in command of the hundred forty third reserve army division one of three facing the egyptians in the suez front. a controversial personality sharon had already developed a plan to deal with any egyptian attack during his three and a half years as commander of the southern front an assignment that had ended just three months earlier. so then i asked him what will happen only if there ever any though were this war is going to end.

wherever else there on the other side of the come on. that's the only place where it can be terminated this is the first time i hear that we are going to cause the source that. was around seven thirty of top of the six. pool. you know his kitchen in the ship. on the night of october the ninth a full day of the war sharon sent his reconnaissance battalion west towards the canal. surprisingly no egyptian forces intercepted them and they quickly reached the shores of the bitter lake where the waterway is up to five kilometers wide. turning north the israelis and to to abandon foods of the bar-lev line block a can and maps meant. the battalion had stumbled on the forty kilometer wide

undefended gap between the gyptian second and third armies. sharon was electrified and radioed headquarters for permission to implement his strategy. when sharon tells them. we have to cross the come up we have to arrive in their rear they tell him we cannot afford to do what you are suggesting because you are the only division which we got in that. you are the only one. between the enemy and tel aviv. what's more on october the ninth there was still two egyptian army divisions on the western side of the canal ready to counter any israeli crossing. sharon's plan was placed on hold until five days later when those two divisions suddenly crossed the canal and

began their abortive advance deep into sinai. now the israeli plan could be activated the time had come to stout hearted man. but to pull it off the israelis would need to transport a curious mix of equipment to the water line. picked up in europe. second her khartoum birds. here before a war soar course and they're also picked up floating raps recognize roofs which karyotype but third and most important was an actual bridge. specially built in israel this was how the main forces would cross the canal the idea of the bridge. over the color it was. a bruise

that was built in tire it was two hundred metres long metal bridge with little rollers are rowers but the rulers were thrilled with the substance that floated to pull it to the canal but with time we reached the edge of the attacks in the back just pushing out of order and you have a ready made bridge. but getting the four hundred ton bridge to the water's edge a twenty five kilometer journey was to prove harder than expected. before the wall the israelis had cut a dirt track specially designed for moving the bridge to a pre-prepared crossing point but now that track was an egyptian hands. a strong defensive position the southern flank of the second egyptian army stood in the way of any israeli advance. the battle to open the road to the canal would be

called the battle of chinese farm. like farms on the eastern bank of the canal today the area was an egyptian agricultural development on which work had begun in the early one nine hundred sixty s. with the help of japanese experts. occupied during the six day war the israelis had mistaken the japanese writing on air a geisha equipment for chinese. the farm had now been recaptured by the egyptians the sixteenth division dug into dry ditches now serving as trenches. had to engage the second army. tank battle so that the bridges could reach the canal and the tanks could cross all the bridges. a dusk on the fifteenth of october. the israeli tanks started their

assault on the chinese form. but the egyptians would counter the attack using the new highly effective weapon anti tank guided missiles. values of the sea kashif. our member the conversation between opera gate commander. and division commander ariel sharon and he called to view raviv two because it was the second of his three brigades and he said to this is forty forty is the division commander the attack is looking good. and to be a raviv who had a d. crimean invoiced said forty two here it's our tanks that are gunning over. walsh our owns division was taking heavy casualties and the chinese form a seven hundred fifty strong israeli paratroops force was advancing towards the

canal across the genes. by midnight they had reached the crossing point. the. current troop. reached we can all laugh tracks and carry with them after a rubber boots. and they crossed uncertain of what they would find on the other side and the first. car bomb gave us another back. yo clear and they didn't go in there they stablished a bridge here so there's now an israeli presence on the western bank. but despite the desperate efforts of the israelis the road to the canal remains closed find entire egyptian infantry brigade. but there was one ray of light for the israelis and mechanized rafts could move

independently across open terrain. and by six thirty on the morning of the sixteenth of october fifteen rafts had reached the canal and began ferrying tanks to the west. just when we arrived there and it's quiet. and we are there we have there on the come out sharon sense between twelve to twenty tanks across the cannot and what happens is exactly what he said and it's in these their way their gypsies don't know what happens to them for twenty four hours that arrival in their rear of the enemy was exactly what sharon was aiming at and the decisive phase of the war is closing.

the israeli canal crossing went almost unnoticed by the egyptians. and later that same morning in cairo it seemed the head of state was totally unaware of what was going on at the front. and his first public appearance since the start of the war sadat led a victory parade through the streets towards parliament. he was accompanied by a woman mr general mattis my. commute

home. and arrows and speech sadat set out his conditions first cease fire a total israeli withdrawal from sinai. later that day in jerusalem golda made made her own speech she decided to share the good news with the israeli knesset. for fifteen this afternoon the israeli population were told for the first time that their troops were on the west bank of the su is going to. want to mrs murray is said came as a surprise not just to the israeli people but also to the egyptian military. israeli paratroopers and tanks had formed a limited bridge had on the western side of the canal in an area called. me but egyptian report. it's about the israeli crossing the confusing and

underestimated the scale of the problem. from the from. there was a problem with the reconnaissance and most or all of the reconnaissance units where on the eastern side of the kind i was there was no reconnaissance in the west to provide information and that's why when i asked for information about the west no one knew anything much. it was only when the israeli forces in the west went on the offensive that the egyptians fast crossed the extent of the problem. that the enemy was already in their backyards. one of them at the first cross received. orders saying so i want to talk to you. the voice as that of their force commander general but. you have a map. you see the flowers on them those are. better.

please destroy them out. located on the western side of the canal the egyptian surface to air missiles and cause the israeli afros heavy losses in the first days of the war. now reachable by israeli tanks it was payback time for the egyptian and defense. but despite the israeli success in destroying the sam batteries other aspects of stout hearted man were not going so well. alas i shall get ariel sharon received in order not to activate his forces in the west of the canal because the concern was that if they were unable to establish a real bridge a pontoon or roller it would be impossible to establish a logistics route to evacuate casualties send supplies send forces and then they

would even consider canceling the whole operation of. the israelis still hadn't gain control.