the israelis were working closely with western journalists. just five miles down the wrong box and purely military terms it was a brilliantly conceived plan the israelis managed to see more with israeli firm troops in egypt. international correspondents accompanied minister of defense moshe dyan on visits to israeli forces west of the canal. president sadat claimed the israeli operation and devil swap was in a television stunt an attempt to cover up israeli failures in the first week of. kabul in fact it was a really serious problem i knew it was not just a media operation but that israeli breakthrough was a personal blow to me as a commander of the second army. davis walk the area now coming under israeli control was a rich agricultural land. totally different from the waste does that of sinai.

egyptian special forces working in small groups use the last undergrowth to set ambushes for the israeli troops. it was clear. why was i was so confident because i knew they were up to the job i had faith in the troops and commanders. i had lived with them for a long time i was the commander of the troops for three years and i knew them to be brave fighters real men and reliable. egyptian chief of staff general sada szczesny realize the war plan was on the verge of disaster. antitank squads would desperately needed on the west bank of the canal to help stop the israeli advance. but in ordering them to cross back from sinai chesley was

breaking presidential orders. so that. and so that had set his mind on the fact that since we had taken bridgeheads on the eastern side of the canal we should never leave the east whatever happened he thought at least now we are on the eastern side of the canal and so he gave orders that not even one rifle should be pulled back from east to west. so how can we stop them how can we stop them how can we stop the enemy when we have no troops and ninety percent of our troops are on the eastern side of the canal not fighting and have nothing to do anyway at the end it was the president and the war minister on one side and side shows you on the other whose orders are going to prevail and you figure it out or the end of that. says lee who had masterminded

egypt's initial success. i was sidelined. from now on sadat and his woman mr general after my dismay i would take all the decisions. when the israeli forces crossed to the western side of the canal they inflicted massive damage to the logistical units in the rear which were under a new units so what was their goal just to create as much terror as possible rob. now the egyptian high command was running out of options and force commander has mubarak ordered his pilots into the air. kind of already remember once i was entering the operation room and i heard general hosni mubarak on the ridge you speaking to our brigade commander has and family. has and saying sir don't you see what's like reply doesn't scramble. there are dangerous enemy targets

but you have to scramble don't you. if you didn't scramble what would happen those readers will advance and everything you've done would be in vain. egyptian pilots also found themselves facing a new threat from the israeli it's from the ground from occupied territory west of the canal. i don't read that go in with they came across with a mobile air defense system hokum assad lost those missiles brought down many of our aircraft while me on the colleague we were attacked by hopeless ours it took me by surprise and i said to myself oh god swayze is firing at me and then one of her songs one of the. after more than two weeks of war it seemed all this bloodshed was about to come to an end. on the twenty second of october the u.n.

security council adopted resolution three three eight calling for a ceasefire in the middle east. bloody battles have been going on in taking casualties and to structure the situation has been created in this area seriously ministers for the maintenance of international peace. eight hundred fifty two middle eastern time the fighting would stop. in desperate battles on the western side of the canal egypt had lost hundreds of men. two of its senior commanders. who design and when he met a family had died in the fighting. but despite these losses egyptians had stopped the israelis from achieving the strategic goal of stout talk to the man. today just south of the

city of a smiley israeli tanks remain at the point where their advance was stopped and its tracks. headway at that point the guided through the road had not been cut and neither the third nor the second army was besieged but then who said anything about israel respecting un security council resolutions and slave that then let's. as the hour of the cease fire approached american secretary of state henry kissinger arrived in tel aviv. the ceasefire he had just so castrated with the soviets had come too soon for israel they were desperate to fight on to consolidate their position. kissinger agreed to turn a blind eye. witness so that israel had a greater interest in the cease fire and i couldn't get to that moment because the

hard work to do so terror it was to capture. as morning broke on the twenty third of october israeli forces went into action as though no ceasefire existed. to aman divisions commanded by generals after hamadan and conmen magen. raced southwards bypassing egyptian resistance points and a dash toward so as. the mayor of a private school bus the support of the illness to get to within eighty kilometers of cairo and with three divisions i think that considering where we started from to reach where we did it was a huge achievement but we paid the price in blood in my battalion sixty seven of my soldiers were killed almost one hundred injured. by nightfall on the twenty third the israelis had managed to cut the kyra so as

road and by passed so as city to reach the port of a dead. the egyptian third army dug in on the eastern side of the canal now found itself under siege surrounded by israeli troops on every side. one hundred. million there was a state of the wonderment and feet of the one nine hundred sixty seven soon are you that what happened in june sixty seven would happen again and now we are at their mercy that the holiday. in new york at eleven pm middle eastern time on the twenty third of october the reconvened security council issued resolution three three nine. it called for a new cease fire to go into effect at seven am the following day. but again israel was to break the second ceasefire. that formed the

amount of you see their main target was a big city and conquering of a big city either is smart or swiss a city with a big name and they were fighting more of a media battle but at the same time they wanted to achieve a big political goal. until the six day war suez was a flourishing industrial city imports. but after nine hundred sixty seven the city found itself on the front line between egypt and israeli occupied sinai. a target for israeli attacks it was soon reduced to rubble.

a city of a quarter of a million people now lay virtually abandoned. early on october the twenty fourth just as the new cease fire was scheduled to start israeli tanks and power troops moved into the semi deserted city. but they soon encountered stiff resistance from a small city militia. to have those tanks entered the city and ibrahim saw a man hit the first of them so a man's shell went through the tank such as the driver's throat and stop the tank that was the first stack to stop in so race. so all the tanks armored vehicle stopped after that one because it blocked the street we knew very well as we did

that if any tanks stops in a city it becomes a mobile tomb so the abandoned their tanks and ran to the nearby buildings where the horse should be or the from. the israelis were driven from the city using eighty debt and one hundred twenty wounded. to this day destroyed israeli tanks remain a testimony to the courageous resistance in suez. despite the setback israel's disregard of the cease fire was buying it precious territory elsewhere causing consternation in moscow. so this course is an earldom not of isis a little booty just when israel ignored the u.n.

cease fire and continued fighting it became clear there were different points of view in the soviet government some people thought we should put pressure on them to make them adopt the ceasefire make them behave properly. a political movement. on the twenty fourth of october at nine thirty five pm washington time and alarming message arrived from moscow. it said the soviets were considering taking unilateral action to impose the ceasefire in the middle east. what they were there were some exercises several airborne divisions were put on alert but i don't think there was a military contingent ready to land the next day in the middle east it was more likely to be political pressure not military although some people for example our

minister of defense were very keen on the idea. with president nixon submerged in the mire of the watergate scandal. it was left to henry kissinger to handle the crisis. kissinger decided to respond to the soviet threat with a show of force. at eleven forty one pm washington time the american armed forces state of alert was raised to defense condition three the highest in peacetime. well the question of the us versus soviet union always boils down to mutual annihilation we could have killed everybody in the soviet union they could've killed everybody and i state and the rest of the world would have gone it was an absolutely insane situation the thing that saved it was that each side knew that if

a war occurred the leaders themselves would get killed and so when you know that you're going to get killed in a war and not to some poor peasant soldiers going to get killed you make different decisions about starting a war faced with the possibility of a spiral towards nuclear war the next day twenty fifth of october the soviet stepped back the alert was defused. of. by the soviet union we do not believe it is necessary at this moment to. in fact we have been over the operative story that really. went. for a full twenty four hours the world had stood on the brink of between the two great nuclear powers but common sense at prevailed.

on october the twenty fifth the un security council issued resolution three forty the third and less than four days to finally impose a ceasefire in the middle east. the following day the vanguard of the new you and emergency force arrived at the suez front. but despite their presence skirmishes continued between egyptian and israeli troops on the western bank of the canal. so this violation started almost immediate in a while because what will happen when the war stopped was that it stopped in the middle of ongoing military operations. so there were no natural lines of them are cation the forces were nearly mixed on the battlefield.

with no clear border lines between forces a major breakthrough was needed to end the fighting and secure the fragile un ceasefire. it would come when it ships sions and israelis met a negotiations on the battlefield. for the first time in the twenty five year history of the state of israel. the time had come for the p.l.o. to seek a new and peaceful solution. pursuing a path of diplomacy but what was to turn their agreement to draw from lebanon into one of the most mistakes civilian massacres of modern times women children killed we couldn't believe our us chronicling the turn story of the struggle for power system and. history of the revolution on al-jazeera.

al-jazeera. where every. we will maintain the finest fighting force the world has ever known united states army was so reliant on the private sector i would call that the tendency we have a mismatch between the way we. work to be and the reality of the twenty first century. for eleven out how many of the persons that you're sending out you should be child soldiers not. child soldiers reloaded on al-jazeera. captaining a leading youth team at sixteen years old takes determination. to that staying on

top of your game at school. the whole family bands together and shares the sacrifices necessary for a son to have a shot at becoming a professional footballer. my tunisia home game on a. hello again adrian sitting in here in doha the top stories and i was there are more than one hundred refugees and migrants are missing feared drowned after their boat capsized off libya's west coast the bodies of three young children have been recovered at least sixteen people survived. but. there were one hundred twenty people on board on their way the front part broke a wooden piece pierced it and then the boat started sinking and the water started

to rise everyone died women children elderly people mean all of them died. i was forced to get on board families with children were miserable conditions it was full of about one hundred twenty to one hundred fifty people it was very crowded the conductor could not even see in front of him the free syrian army says that a temporary ceasefire is in effect in southern syria the truce comes as the un refugee agency warns the number of displaced people in data has tripled to one hundred sixty thousand in the past five days there's been intense fighting in a ten day offensive by government and russian forces a cease fire deal to end south sudan's for a half year civil war has come into force president salva kiir and rebel leader reg moshe signed the agreement on wednesday it calls for the forming of a transitional government within four months. gaza's health minister says that two

people including a thirteen year old boy have been killed by israeli gunfire the boy was reportedly shot in the head during the latest protests on the border with israel hold on three hundred palestinians were injured. at least two soldiers and a civilian have been killed in attacks on a military base in central mali two of the attackers were killed the compound houses the headquarters of the g five task force made up of soldiers from mali and share a book in a fast so chad and mauritania. and u.s. carmakers general motors says warning that trade tariffs on imported vehicles could lead to the isolation of american businesses from the global markets g.m. has told the u.s. commerce department the tariffs could force the companies downsize putting thousands of jobs at risk that contrasts with the trumpet ministrations argument the tariffs on imported vehicles would protect the u.s. industry i'll be back with an easy out a little over twenty five minutes but let's get you back to the war in october.

on the northern front on the golan heights the third week of the october war opened with syrian and israeli forces locked in a stalemate. syria's initial thrust to recapture the territory occupied by israel in the six day war had been repulsed and a counterattack by hastily called up israeli reservists. by the end of the first week of war syrian troops had been forced to withdraw while the israelis pushed on across the one nine hundred sixty seven cease fire line towards the syrian capital. of fewer if you are secular moto i think that stopping thirty five kilometers short of damascus was smart you must end

a war in a position from which the statesman can start negotiating saw final position was good for him and me good for the horn. as the balance shifted in favor of israel other arab countries sent troops and support. the syrian front was strengthened by the arrival of expeditionary forces from iraq jordan saudi arabia and kuwait. this cocktail of arab forces would now be used in a counterattack to drive the israelis back out of the pocket they had occupied in the syrian mainland. human. or syrian i shrugged saw will such a survey of the on the twenty first of october we heard there was a big attack planned. it was to be carried out by iraqi and sunni forces to reclaim

. the retreat and get back to the position on the fifth of october. of that stage we hoped we could restore what has been lost on the syrian front. of him his. love for the. asylum and. surely. the attack was set for the twenty third of october. but it would never happen. on the twenty second egypt's president anwar sadat unilaterally accepted a un cease fire that would take effect that evening. syrian president hafez assad now faced the prospect of fighting alone on the single front . as the twenty third drew to a close the syrians to bow to the inevitable assad would have no choice but to

accept the ceasefire times. at the israelis were not done with fighting yet. a key listening post had been captured by syrian paratroopers on the first day of war. with just a few hours left before the cease fire israel's golani brigade attacked. after facing fierce syrian resistance they finally secured their prize. but only after suffering heavy losses. fifty five dead and seventy nine wounded. the ships lived through it was really important for israel to raise the country's flag on the go lonnie brigades flag on top of mount hermon on the last day of the

war. and to prevent the syrians from securing any sort of success from this war. on the suez canal front things were no better for the egyptians. these release had the entire egyptian third army besieged on the eastern side of the canal. thirty five thousand soldiers cut off from their supply lines. that may affect them and the side of the story today we had with us what was called combat. three packs of small biscuits and two bottles of pressed. these things could provide you the necessary calories for one day but now it was all the food that was available for the soldier for five days and when that had a gun there was nothing but other. but the israelis were also facing

a major problem for the first time in the history of arab israeli conflict egypt was holding a large number of prisoners of war. two hundred thirty in total. i want to hold for a while is here to get almost country off from under the arrival of the first prisoners lifted the morale of all our forces straight away egyptian military intelligence resorted to photographing them and putting those photos in the media to try and boost the morale not only of the armed forces but also of the egyptian people shop. back in israel demonstrators soon took to the streets accusing gold the eves government of not doing enough to bring home the captured soldiers. goldeneye here have some time before offered who have is really officers meet their egyptian

counterparts. for the scuzz well most important for her the release of israeli prisoners and also talk about letting supplies through to the third army but she insisted on meeting between the egyptians and these rulers who until then the return they are israel in exist they want to go counter. so it came as a surprise when the egyptians accepted just such negotiations. the meeting point was to be a tent erected at the sign marking one hundred one kilometers to cairo on the kyra's suez road. at one thirty am on the twenty eighth of october and for the first time ever egyptians and israelis were about to have direct negotiations. but the negotiations quickly became strained a skirmish just continued in the confusion of the battlefield.

where the logic then yemen on a different sort of battle started after the ceasefire that we put into action a plan called revenge and another called total we had orders to keep the defense active not passive meaning we should not give up fighting selbie him at the second . on the thirtieth of october israeli prime minister told them a complicated matter still further when she made a morale boosting visit to israeli troops on the western side of the canal. on egyptian soil. meanwhile the effects of this war began to be felt globally. arab oil producing countries had formulated a plan to use the price of oil to pressure western supporters of israel. by mid

october several of the biggest producers had unilaterally raise prices by nearly twenty percent. full. worried about it did drove futures prices up and people were bananas on a wanting to fill up their cars. i think it satisfied. a very real and important psychological need a mug's there. to have demonstrated. that they could take some action. now that this regional conflict was beginning to have international ramifications. on the sixth of november american secretary of state henry kissinger flew into cairo. for his first ever meeting with anwar sadat. we started

talking about zero pulling back to the so-called october twenty second war it's where they should have stopped business as you know we could argue for weeks and weeks and weeks over this and at the end they would still be on your territorial waters solve a lot but if that's what you want we'll do it and sort out so what's the alternative is to give me a little bit more time and will go for a bigger agreement that will get them completely off the. west bank of the carol back in the sinai and so that's a fun let's do the big step not the small thank you four days after this meeting an initial agreement was signed and the ten to kilometer one zero one . the first step in kissinger's grand plan. the agreement guaranteed the egyptians daily convoys of nonmilitary supplies to the

city of suez and the besieged third army. for israel the key point of the agreement was an exchange of prisoners. israeli prison as arriving back and tell of the when met by huge crowds. prime minister golda my ear was moved to tears by the occasion. and sniff the harder than it looked and it's hard to describe my feelings when i saw the coastline of my country from the plane we landed at a military airbase and once the doors were opened we saw the israeli soldiers coming in not egyptians. and when you come down the steps and you saw the applause in the church is an amazing feeling the soul now the oil the core lot.

thus there. as the new year arrived henry kissinger returned to the region. to hammer out the next step in his grand plan for egyptian israeli disengagement. on the eleventh of january he met with sadat in the southern egyptian city of aswan. the. next day in the afternoon kissinger left for television to meet up with the israelis. after week flying between aswan a city famous for its winter sun. and tell a v. experiencing its first ever snow storm. both sides accepted the disengagement agreement. a new term had entered the lexicon of international politics shuttle diplomacy. over before it could be there

for when you. get really really. the face of it. on the eighteenth of january general mohammad income a senior egyptian chief of staff. and general d.v.l.a. as it is israeli counterpart signed the agreement in the tent a kilometer one a one. it was the first in a chain of agreements that would lead to total israeli withdrawal from sinai and april nine hundred eighty two. thousand how possible will the significance of that war the october war.