tool for democracy under threat somebody who controls ten thousand dollars at home falling under thousand voices and they distort the debate in the echo chamber world of fake news in cyberspace the rules of the game have changed there on no president's people and out investigates disinclination and democracy part two on al-jazeera. al-jazeera where ever you are. in one thousand nine hundred forty eight the state of israel was proclaimed. palestine was lost. sixteen years later in one thousand nine hundred sixty four the palestine liberation organization or the p.l.o. was founded. made up of different factions the p.l.o. has been at the heart of the struggle to regain palestine ever since.

the little. after years of bloody infighting the various palestinian factions began to resolve their differences. to mold to us events in the region were to prove both a solace and a setback for the palestinian cause. yet by nine hundred eighty seven the various factions of the p.l.o. had come closer together after the past four years of into palestinian strife. the palestinian parliament in exile the palestine national council met in algiers in april of that year. a common cause help unify ranks that cause was opposition to

jordan the different factions all agreed to canceled amen accords that had outlined a con for the ration between jordan and the palestinians but at. least he added i don't think. jordan tried to restore palestinian jordanian relations on a basis of political advantage to jordan has rejected them on accords because we thought it impinged on our sovereignty that the agreement was abrogated of the algiers b. and c. which was called the national unity session or shot at the job i feel like a stoic. assault ought to sue to you that the f.l.p. participated in the unification of the p.l.o. station but the syrian authorities punished in the field before participating in that p.l.c. session and the cia intelligence prevented the difficulty members who attended from returning to the mosque as this. national unity was the slogan of the time for the

palestinians as they sought to put behind them the bitter squabbles and factional fighting of the past that national unity was about to get a huge and popular boost from an unexpected place. in december nine hundred eighty seven in gaza and israeli driver killed four palestinian neighbors and wounded nine when his car ran off the road. the israelis termed it an accident the palestinians said it was premeditated murder. whatever the case the incident sparked an outbreak of palestinian protests that spread like wildfire throughout the occupied territories for. the intifada or uprising was born. a little defiled that there intifada was the first time since the one nine hundred forty eight to that palestinians living under occupation were at the vanguard of resistance from one thousand nine hundred sixty

seven to one thousand and seven the cause of by the sign was based on the premise that liberation would come from abroad we want exactly what it is that any people enjoy. democracy freedom and independence. at the same time the intifada is a message of hope it is a message of all not only to the best in years but also to their neighbors say this . for the first time since one thousand nine hundred sixty seven the israeli occupied palestinian territories had become center stage in palestinian affairs. the fact that dominated p.l.o. were quick to see the potential of this popular uprising on a fountain the men around him realized the importance of we're going to zing cells within the palestinian territories. would you had labeled war short and direct effect or would you have to with out of there b.t.w.

had told me very clearly that he said. we have neglected our people living under occupation and became in broiled in a tree on the outside not just indians in the homeland we're now at the vanguard of the revolution. they became the symbol of resistance to occupation and an icon of the palestinian struggle. other important developments were also taking place i mean the intifada the first signs of the emergence of a palestinian islamist movement began to appear hamas was encouraged. by israel to form islam excited specifically in gaza before us were because when arafat was still a super terrorist unquote. before he became a super statesman and then of course later it was made a super terrorist again. how much was seen as a logical balancing act for the israelis to play against the p.l.o. increase the religiosity increase the the islamic element of palestinian society in the nationalist quote terrorist unquote element goes down. however

the israelis did not seem to realize that these new islamist groups would also be intent on liberating palestine. the seeds of a new force in palestinian politics were planted a force which began to compete with the p.l.o. factions in the showdown with the israeli occupation. this new and growing islamist trend which heralded the formation of such groups as islamic jihad and hamas found natural allies and several wealthy arab states. and. we attended a meeting and more than half of those in attendance would kuwaitis and not palestinians i found that surprising chairman artifact knew that how mass received support from the popular level in the arab gulf states below on the other hand wasn't allowed to solicit donations because it was bound by agreements with the host governments to receive support only from them. however support for this

largest groups among the palestinians was still in its infancy wary of the new challenge how to fatten the movie had soon stamped their authority on the intifada . knew the palestinian uprising had thrown the palestinians a lifeline that could help them realize their aspirations for a home. but this but the ideas that i thought there was will be the father and as the father for yasser arafat there is no such thing as an interface for the sake of an intifada it's an into fodder or an uprising to achieve a certain political goal hence he was always in a state of uprising without causing leadership. is that what you thought it meant as she said that. in march one thousand nine hundred eighty eight i wish you had sent a group of palestinian commandos into israel the gunmen hijacked a passenger bus in the negev desert transporting employees to israel's top secret

nuclear complex at the morning. in the ensuing firefight the three hijackers and three israeli employees were killed. the israelis were exasperated with the intifada and with the cells i was you had was organizing. they are they that we i am that i was. a month after the bus attack on april sixteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty eight and it's really commando force assassinated i was you had at his home in the tunisian coastal town of c.v. was like. far from stifling then to father i will jihad assassination had the opposite effect. the occupied territories erupted in angry demonstrations. of all jihads funeral was held at the palestinian refugee camp in damascus hundreds of thousands of mourners attended to pay their respects. five years after his expulsion from syria and after years of a bitter feud on

a fat return to damascus for that. he was given the hero's welcome. it turned out to be a vote of confidence for the outlet p.l.o. in the heartland of a strong. feeling that stockman. stuck with that engine as if i am a stick bad shabbier there was a tremendous turnout at the funeral office a coffin was carried for hours throughout the can people tried to lift a car carrying arafat off the ground as a token of their support really. he was carried on people's shoulders it shook the splinter groups opposed to him because it restored the stature of our fast and for the house leadership. the intifada propelled the palestinian issue onto the world headlines and back to the top of the agenda for the apple. it was an extraordinary turn. just a year earlier at an arab summit in amman the palestinian issue had been relegated

to the bottom of the agenda. now in june one thousand nine hundred eight at an extraordinary meeting in algiers and appends of state pledged strong support for the intifada and the palestinian people as opposed rapidly and. they said because. we're living. in that i mean i couldn't. have been. at the end of july jordan formally broke off all political and administrative ties with the west bank king hussein effectively renounced his kingdom's historic claim to the west back paving the way for the area to be part of a palestinian state if ever israeli occupation worked and there. and then i lend. our like them a soup you know to have a shabby infamous t.v. feed that could see it. to be hidden what by me b m f e the elica how

or who. let the heli villas they need to step it. up that article might. be accessible when i may well have. all of them out before the levees and of the loom of them as seek you know. i knew how big a shabby for the steel. and. such in the machine. if i had. to do was in the hope that i model or i would that was to hear that i mean the world because for them that we had had enough and done everything possible we supported the p.l.o. but in the end we concluded that the p.l.o. had to be independent of us the palestinians were jubilant but king hussein's decision was opposed by some senior jordanian officials what our jeff in america

had let a sane had concluded that he could no longer hope to regain the whole of the west bank and therefore he had to put an end to any of the understanding's if concessions were required then the palestinians make them not jordan but it was at a more however. it was an attempt to give priority to jordanian matters and step away from the historic burden of responsibility for the west bank . i disagree with the decision which wasn't an easy one for his majesty to make in november the palestine national council met in algiers where artifacts made the historic announcement. well b.s. miss shaaban lobbied for this. not that she was the.

the. i i i the form of the corporation called the palestinian state listen to. what the palestinians understood that establishing a state requires more than. the new control and. i . think. the same thing as i'm not a. disappointment. facing. the royal society. gave them a base of soul as a. ritual. something less. palestinians also

understood that america's backing was imperative if the dream of anniston statehood was to be with them and they began to realize that their long time in the soviet union was no longer a dependable friend. was going to achieve i felt and i met with a good batch of i felt we had no common ground with him that he didn't see our viewpoint we told him the palestinian people had a very high literacy rate and he said sure there's eighteen is fear you realized then that he was no friend of ours and i did not set foot in the sylvia union afterwards if that's a declaration implicitly recognize the state of israel so this was never explicitly stated it was enough for us secretary of state george schultz to ask a swedish counterpart stan anderson to convey a letter to the p.l.o. . yeah you know that.

the message was that if you declared the following points in public. chief among just which was didn't see a shot of terrorism then the united states would be prepared to legalize the palestinian liberation organization and establish a dialogue with it the general assembly of the united nations was preparing to convene in new york yesterday on a fat was scheduled to give a speech what he did not count on was america's refusal to grant him an entry visa . in an unprecedented move the general assembly moved its meeting to its headquarters in switzerland. and i thought delivered his speech and waited to reap the diplomatic rewards he believed that by implicitly recognizing israel and renouncing armed struggle he had met america's conditions to open a dialogue with the p.l.o. or i don't know many aid by once more declare. a nineteen and

i can get it was yes get it in its full. but the americans did not hear the terminology they required about the renunciation of terrorism and not all palestinians believe the price was worth paying. for the whole club and union and. i said what do you get for renouncing terrorism meaning that i to launch military operations i was against making this concession. i said let's await the reaction to his speech and then we'll see and this but i was overruled but artifacts mind was made up desperate for american recognition the next day he held a press conference and uttered the magic words totally and absolutely they know it's all the forum is already done it is. the u.s. announced that it was now ready to begin a dialogue with the p.l.o.

several sessions of talks were held between p.l.o. officials and washington's ambassador to tunisia robert pelletreau the talks failed to satisfy artifacts aspirations as it was the dialogue did not last long yet another palestinian faction was about to make world headlines through violence the palestine liberation front headed by best had first come to prominence back in one thousand nine hundred eighty five with the hijacking of the italian cruise liner that killed a lot of. the operation quickly fell apart and the palestinian gunmen gained infamy when they killed and threw overboard a wheelchair bound american. and now in june one thousand nine hundred the palestine liberation front struck again. a unit of its commandos landed on a television beach intending to kill israelis the attack was quickly forty. years later the group's leader admitted the operation was aimed at the railing the

negotiations. any. one of the political goals of the operation was to stop the palestinian american dialogue which we felt was an insult to the palestinian evolution and tell us tinian is in general. the americans wanted the p.l.f. punished out of fact refuse. truck. i felt if he was the american requests because he felt that the palestinians had gained nothing from the dialogue with america which wasn't supposed to be about the a.b.c.'s of the palestinian issue but about something more substantial his message to the americans was if you want me to hold military operations then you have to move on the political level. i told our father that if punishing us would help restore the national rights of the palestinian people then he should go ahead and do it he refused and said he wasn't going to be blackmailed and the dialogue was

severed. any hope of a resumption of dialogue was soon overshadowed by another tumultuous event in the middle east in august one thousand nine hundred iraqi forces invaded kuwait changing the political face of the region. a lot of that failed to unequivocally condemn the iraqi occupation and announced he was seeking and absolution to the issue a position supported by the palestinians of the occupied territories. and. we would see can and out of brazil you should into the crisis. and try to preclude any outside involvement. to solve it among arabs at that gate

we had gone for fishel initiative to get iraq to withdraw from kuwait. that quick. ok it. told me i don't want to talk to the iraqis it's hopeless i interviewed our fans at the time and begged him if i told him saddam was going to lose and advised arafat not to support him if he was hesitant especially towards the end but he couldn't break away from saddam hussein. on a facts position was criticized within the p.l.o. . also known as the who was now recognize design in fact second in command distrusted saddam hussein from the outset the last time i saw him was just before. hussein started making his move on kuwait it was just after after the oval abbas affair and i was in tunis and met our yard and he said you know this is saddam's

doing this job abbas affair and he's it's he's courting other far he's trying to get out a fight to move the headquarters to baghdad and he said he has something in mind i don't know what it is but i'm trying to figure it out because he wants the palestinians and he wants the palestinians in his corner when it happens and we have to figure out what he's up to because it's going to be bad news for us you know whenever an arab regime tries to get its hands on us we know there is trouble and so he said. it's very important for us that the u.s. p.l.o. dialogue not the end because that's what it's why saddam did this he wants to force an end to it because he doesn't want us to be. dealing with you. will be adds opposition to artifacts alliance with saddam proved his death sentence. in one

nine hundred ninety one a few days before the air campaign to liberate kuwait was launched a movie ad was gunned down in to us. the perpetrator was artifacts old nemesis abu nidal who was once again iraq's gun for hire. ironically had had in the past turned down the opportunity to have a moon adult kill. can only wear on camera. makin a better home than without now the i were you i'd used to tell me that he couldn't go there had to not wanted because he had broken bread with him at his home and he said he couldn't kill him for the sake of his children so what happened i wouldn't assassinated him i swear more than once i told out of five and i will yet that i'd have one adult killed in baghdad. if his iraqi friends got upset then i'd fix things with them but out of fact and i would turn down my offer nasmyth that we had

with us with which you have as a man got on with syrian people like yet and i was he had had an influence on arafat's this is and the policies he adopted or with. by taking them out of fatah was left with no effective people around him many with ultimately and this had a negative effect in the years to come. by the end of february saddam hussein's army had been ejected from kuwait his regime almost shattered. bat had a holiday and do a lot of be accustomed had after the gulf war all arabs will so much they lost everything a completion of queta by the iraqis was a stain on our honor. there's absolutely no excuse for it. that can only let me a duck of melt if and then you add like that a shock to all the hostility i felt did not openly and clearly condemn their who patient of kuwait. at the same time he didn't openly and clearly supported.

tried in his own way to simultaneous to play both sides and his position was interpreted as supporting the iraqis and his calculations going wrong and we paid a tremendous price for them. on a fact that hold the international community would link an iraqi withdrawal from kuwait disraeli concessions in the occupied territories. but the palestinian leader miscalculated back to. the dreams of statehood and recognition he had harbored not too long ago not only. every weekly news cycle brings a series of breaking story when this happened was in the truck didn't happen in the boy told through the eyes of the world's journalists images matter a lot international politics joining the listening post as we turn the cameras on the media and focus on how they report on the stories that matter the most the

other big third is someone from the country who guides you who needs you to this story of the byline tells us who wrote the listening post on al-jazeera with a crackdown on media and political opposition cambodia is getting ready for its national elections one of one east investigates how far tripoli is moving already will go to consolidate its power. on al-jazeera. out certain coverage just. feel is watching i think the reports see africa as it is. that. we take our time getting to know the people we meet the soldiers i was with the envoy did the road if they see in the crossfire as ousts their hearts beating about telling stories ultimately it's not just about al-jazeera it's about the people who tell. the stories about. when diplomacy fields

and fear sweeps in our borders are wide open wide open to drugs terrorists we've proven the barriers are built to impose division and it's not to sixty's instead of being an obstacle to a toll wastes into became another obstacle to peace in a four part series al-jazeera revisits the reasons for divisions in different parts of the world and the impact they have on both sides walls of shame on al-jazeera. we understand the differences. and the similarities of cultures across the world said i matter how you take it al-jazeera will bring you the news and current events that matter to al-jazeera he has no passport yet he's politically active in two countries i was the only one that will let stand the power at peaceful transition when because official term expired in our part of the world some people think you

are stupid and crazy if you do that mikhail saakashvili former president of georgia and next governor of the adesa region in ukraine talks to al-jazeera. this is al-jazeera. hello i'm rob matheson and this is the news our live from doha coming up in the next sixty minutes was. a happy ending to a drama that gripped the world as the final five rescued from the thai caves. president trunk arrives in brussels ahead of what's expected to be a tense nato summit.