through the struggle of those he saved lives for a living. witness and links on al-jazeera. you stand the differences. and the similarities of cultures across the world. al-jazeera. in one thousand nine hundred forty eight the state of israel was proclaimed. palestine was lost. sixteen years later in one thousand nine hundred sixty four the palestine liberation organization or the p.l.o. was founded. made up of different factions the p.l.o. has been at the heart of the struggled to regain palestine ever since. the news.

and. after years of bloody infighting the various palestinian factions began to resolve their differences. to mold to us events in the region were to prove both a solace and a setback for the palestinian cause. like me by nine hundred eighty seven the various factions of the p.l.o. had come closer together after the past four years of into palestinian strife. the palestinian parliament in exile the palestine national council met in algiers in april of that year. a common cause help unify ranks that cause was opposition to

jordan the different factions all agreed to canceled amen accords that had outlined a con for the ration between jordan and the palestinians but at. least he added that from. jordan tried to restore palestinian jordanian relations on a basis of political advantage to jordan has rejected them on accords because we thought it impinged on our sovereignty that the agreement was abrogated of the algiers b.n.c. which was called the national unity session shaddock at their job i feel like a stoic. assault up to sooty you that the f.l.p. participated in the unification of the p.l.o. station but the syrian authorities punished the fealty for participating in that p.n.t. session and the cia intelligence prevented the difficulty members who attended from returning to the mask of this. national unity was the slogan of the time for the

palestinians as they sought to put behind them the bitter squabbles and factional fighting of the past that national unity was about to get a huge and popular boost from an unexpected place. in december nine hundred eighty seven in gaza and israeli driver killed four palestinian neighbors and wounded nine when his car ran off the road. the israelis termed it an accident the palestinians said it was premeditated murder. whatever the case the incident sparked an outbreak of palestinian protests that spread like wildfire throughout the occupied territories. the intifada or uprising was born. a little different that there intifada was the first time since one thousand forty eight of us palestinians living under occupation were at the vanguard of resistance from one thousand nine hundred sixty seven to one nine hundred eighty seven the goals of buy the sign was based on the

premise that liberation would come from abroad we want exactly what the israeli people enjoy. democracy freedom and independence. at the same time the intifada is a message of hope it is a message of all not only to the best in years but also to their neighbor says today it is. for the first time since one thousand nine hundred sixty seven the israeli occupied palestinian territories had become center stage in palestinian affairs. the fact that dominated p.l.o. were quick to see the potential of this popular uprising on a fathom the men around him realized the importance of organizing cells within the palestinian territories. you had labeled war for them direct effect for which you had to do with out of there b.t.w. you had told me very clearly that he said. we have neglected our people living

under occupation and became in broiled in a tree on the outside palestinians in the homeland were now at the vanguard of the revolution. they became the symbol of resistance to occupation and an icon of the palestinian struggle. other important developments were also taking place i made the intifada the first signs of the emergence of a palestinian islamist movement began to appear hamas was encouraged. by israel to form islam excited specifically in gaza before us like because when arafat was still a super terrorist unquote before he became a super statesman and then of course later met that made a super terrorist again. how much was seen as a logical balancing act for the israelis to play against the p.l.o. increase the religiosity increase they the islamic element of palestinian society in the nationalist quote terrorist unquote element goes down.

however the israelis did not seem to realize that these new islamist groups would also be intent on liberating palestine. the seeds of a new force in palestinian politics were planted a force which began to compete with the p.l.o. factions in the showdown with these radio station. this new and growing islamist trend which heralded the formation of such groups as islamic jihad and hamas found natural allies and several wealthy arab states. we attended a meeting and more than half of those in attendance would kuwaitis and not palestinians i found that surprising chairman out of fertile you that how mass received support from the popular level in the arab gulf states below on the other hand wasn't allowed to solicit donations because it was bound by agreements with the host governments to receive support only from them. however support for this

largest groups among the palestinians was still in its infancy wary of the new challenge to fatten the movie had soon stamped their authority on the intifada. knew the palestinian uprising had thrown the palestinians a lifeline that could help them realize their aspirations for a home. business but the ideas that i thought there was will be the father then as the intifada for yasser arafat there is no such thing as an intifada for the sake of and fatah it's an into fodder or an uprising to achieve a certain political goal hence he was always in a state of uprising you know it is tough to make certain that what he thought it meant as she said it. in march one thousand nine hundred eighty eight i was you had sent a group of palestinian commandos into israel the gunmen hijacked a passenger bus in the negev desert transporting employees to israel's top secret nuclear complex at the morning. in the ensuing firefight the three hijackers and

three israeli employees were killed. the israelis were exasperated with the intifada and with the cells i was you had was organizing. they are they that riad i mean it was. a month after the bus attack on april sixteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty eight and it's really commando force assassinated that was you had at his home in the tunisian coastal town of see people sight. far from stifling then to father i will jihad assassination had the opposite effect. the occupied territories erupted in angry demonstrations. of all jihads funeral was held at the young palestinian refugee camp in the mosques hundreds of thousands of mourners attended to pay their respects. five years after his expulsion from syria and after years of a bitter feud on a fat return to damascus for the fact he was given

a hero's welcome. it turned out to be a vote of confidence for the honest outlet p.l.o. in the heartland of a strong. feeling that stockman. stuck with that engine as if i have a stick bad shabby and. there was a tremendous turnout at the funeral office a coffin was carried for hours throughout the camp people tried to lift a car carrying out a fight off the ground as a token of their support really. he was carried on people's shoulders it shook the splinter groups opposed to him because it restored the stature of our fast and for the us leadership. the intifada propelled the palestinian issue onto the world headlines and back to the top of the agenda for the arab world. it was an extraordinary turn. just a year earlier at an arab summit in amman the palestinian issue had been relegated to the bottom of the agenda. now in june one thousand nine hundred eight at an

extraordinary meeting in algiers and appends of state pledged strong support for the intifada and the palestinian people as opposed rapidly and. they said because. we're living. in that i mean i couldn't. have been. at the end of july jordan formally broke off all political and administrative ties with the west bank king hussein effectively renounced his kingdom's historic claim to the west back paving the way for the area to be part of a palestinian state if ever israeli occupation worked and there. and then i lend. out like them a soup you know to have a shabby infelicity feed that could be a must see it. to be he walked by me b m f e the elica how or who.

let the heli villa's the need to step it. up the x.r. when i may. well have. all of them ok for love the son of a little more than a sikh you know. and you will have because shabbat for the stinney you. and. the machine. if i had. to do was in the hope that i i would that was to hear that i mean the world because for them to live we had had enough and done everything possible we supported the p.l.o. but in the end we concluded that the p.l.o. had to be independent of us the palestinians were jubilant but king hussein's decision was opposed by some senior jordanian officials was our jeff and what it

might have been like that king hussein had concluded that he could no longer hope to regain the whole of the west bank and therefore he had to put an end to any of the understanding's if concessions were required then the palestinians make them not jordan that was at a kind of more however. it was an attempt to give priority to jordanian matters and step away from the historic burden of responsibility for the west bank . i disagree with the decision which wasn't an easy one for his majesty to make in november the palestine national council met in algiers where artifacts made the historic announcement. y.b.'s miss shaaban not updated for the sleeping they are. not done yet that feels. the.

the form of the collaboration of a palestinian state was defined. but the palestinians understood that establishing a state required more than. the p.l.o. had no control over anything. that. they. had to move that they didn't want the same thing as i'm not a by much of this up going to. cause stead of facing the way out of. their oil bestselling motion. to engage with my base your sole goal as a. rich. sounding less. honest indians also

understood that america's backing was imperative if the dream of honesty and statehood was for people. and they began to realize that their long time in the soviet union was no longer the dependable friend of. or go to a chair i don't fatten i met with a good batch of i felt we had no common ground with him that he didn't see our viewpoint we told him the palestinian people had a very high literacy rate and he said sure there is really is fear then that he was no friend of ours and i did not set foot in the silver to union afterwards that's a declaration implicitly recognize the state of israel so this was never explicitly stated it was enough for us secretary of state george shultz to ask a swedish counterpart stan anderson to convey a letter to the p.l.o. .

the message was that if you declare the following points in public. chief among just which was the don't see issue of terrorism then the united states would be prepared to recognize the palestinian liberation organization and establish a dialogue with it. the general assembly of the united nations was preparing to convene in new york yasser arafat was scheduled to give a speech what he did not count on was america's refusal to grant him an entry visa . in an unprecedented move the general assembly moved its meeting to its headquarters in switzerland. and i thought delivered his speech and waited to reap the diplomatic rewards he believed that by implicitly recognizing israel and renouncing own struggle he had met america's conditions to open a dialogue with the p.l.o. or i don't know when eight by once more declare. by nineteen that

i can get it was yes get it in its full. but the americans did not hear the terminology they required about the renunciation of terrorism and not all palestinians believe the price was worth paying. for the whole the cargo and union and. i said what do you get for announcing terrorism meaning that i to launch military operations i was against making this concession. i said let's await the reaction to his speech and then we'll see and this but i was overruled but artifacts mind was made up desperate for american recognition the next day he held a press conference and uttered the magic words totally and absolutely they know it's all the forum is already done it is. the u.s. announced that it was now ready to begin a dialogue with the p.l.o. several sessions of talks were held between p.l.o.

officials and washington's ambassador to tunisia robert pelletreau the talks failed to satisfy artifacts aspirations as it was the dialogue did not last long yet another palestinian faction was about to make world headlines through violence the palestine liberation front headed by best had first come to prominence back in one thousand nine hundred eighty five with the hijacking of the italian cruise liner that killed a lot of. the operation quickly fell apart and the palestinian gunmen gained infamy when they killed and threw overboard a wheelchair bound american. and now in june one thousand nine hundred the palestine liberation front struck again. a unit of its commandos landed on a television beach intending to kill israelis the attack was quickly forty. years later the group's leader admitted the operation was aimed at the railing the negotiations. any. one of the political goals of the operation was to

stop the palestinian american dialogue which we felt was an insult to the palestinian evolution and tell us to nias in general. the americans wanted the p.l.f. punished out of fact refused. truck. i felt if he was the american requests because he felt that the palestinians had gained nothing from the dialogue with america which wasn't supposed to be about the a.b.c.'s of the palestinian issue but about something more substantial his message to the americans was if you want me to hold military operations then you have to move on the political level. i told our father that if punishing us would help restore the national rights of the palestinian people then he should go ahead and do it he refused and said he wasn't going to be blackmailed and the dialogue was

severed. any hope of a resumption of dialogue was soon overshadowed by another tumultuous event in the middle east in august one thousand nine hundred iraqi forces invaded kuwait changing the political face of the region. out of fact failed to unequivocally condemn the iraqi occupation and announced he was seeking an arab solution to the issue a position supported by the palestinians of the occupied territories. and. we would see can and out of brazil you should into the crisis. and try to preclude any outside involvement with dissolving among arabs bad that

we had done before initiative to get iraq to withdraw from kuwait. that it's clear that. told me i don't want to talk to the iraqis it's hopeless i interviewed arafat at the time and begged him if i told him saddam was going to lose and advised arafat not to support him if he was hesitant especially towards the end but he couldn't break away from saddam hussein. on a facts position was criticized within the p.l.o. . also known as the who was now recognized design a fact second in command distrusted saddam hussein from the outset the last time i saw him was just before. hussein started making his move on kuwait it was just after the oval abbas affair and i was in tunis and met our yard and he said you know this is saddam's doing this job abbas affair and he's

it's he's courting other far he's trying to get out a fight to move the headquarters to baghdad and he said he has something in mind i don't know what it is but i'm trying to figure it out because he wants the palestinians and he wants the palestinians in his corner when it happens and we have to figure out what he's up to because it's going to be bad news for us you know whenever an arab regime tries to get its hands on us we know there's trouble and so he said. it's very important for us that the u.s. p.l.o. dialogue not be ended because that's what that's why he did this he wants to force an end to it because he doesn't want us to be. dealing with you. and will be adds opposition to arafat's alliance with saddam proved his death sentence. in one nine hundred ninety one a few days before the air campaign to liberate kuwait was launched

a movie ad was gunned down in to us. the perpetrator was arafat's old nemesis abu nidal who was once again iraq's gun for hire. ironically had had in the past turned down the opportunity to have a moon adult kill and. can only wear on camera. makin a better home than without now the idea to tell me that he couldn't order him to not when he died because he had broken bread with him at his home and he said he couldn't kill him for the sake of his children so what happened i wanted our assassinated him i swear more than once i told out of five and i will yet that i'd have been adult killed in baghdad. if his iraqi friends got upset then i'd fix things with them but our father and i would turn down my offer nasmyth that we had one us with which we have it in and got in with syrian people like yet and i was he

had had an influence on arafat's this is ins and the policies he adopted or with. by taking them out out of fatah was left with no effective people around him many with ultimately this have a negative effect in the years to come by the end of february saddam hussein's army had been ejected from kuwait his regime almost shattered. but had. only do a lot to be accustomed had after the gulf will all arabs will so much they lost everything completion of queta by the iraqis was a stain on our no there's absolutely no excuse for it that can only let me attack of motive and then you shake your well that possibly out of i did not openly and clearly condemn their capacious of kuwait. at the same time he didn't openly and clearly supportive. he tried in his own way to simultaneous to play both sides and

his position was interpreted as supporting the iraqis his calculations were wrong and we paid a tremendous price for them. on a fast track hold the international community would link an iraqi withdrawal from kuwait to israeli concessions in the occupied territories. but the palestinian leader miscalculated about. the dreams of statehood and recognition he had harvard not too long ago not only. the promise of peace in the middle east not. now but a new dilemma after the death of the man at the center palestinian struggle. now more than forty years after the status how far as the p.l.o.

come to achieving its hopes and dreams concluding the turbulent story of the struggle for palestinian home. history of a revolution on al-jazeera. one of the really special things about working for al-jazeera is that even as a camera woman i get to have so much empathy and contribution to a story i feel we cover this region better than anyone else would be for us as you know it's very challenging there but it is but the good because you have a lot of people that are divided on political issues we are with the people we live to tell the real story so i'll just mend it is to deliver in-depth journalism we don't feel inferior to the audience across the globe. on counting the cost why china wants an expanded economic role in the middle east will look at which countries are leading the way in innovation plus safe cancer causing one of the world's most from. oh and widely used we kill is goes on trial counting the cost on a zero. zero

. every year. it's like the wild west they can do anything and the really hard for them to get the powerful internet is worth a tool for democracy and a threat somebody who controls ten thousand dollars that's unfolding hundred thousand voices and they distort the debate in the echo chamber world of fake news in cyberspace the rules of the game have changed there are no precedents people and out investigates disinform ation and democracy part two on al-jazeera.

the top stories from al-jazeera videos emerged on social media students in nicaragua pleading for their lives as military gunfire in the background. the images that streamed live on facebook before the feed abruptly ends opposition activists called for three days of anti-government protests on thursday and ariana sunshines has more now from managua. we understand two journalists have been freed there and three wounded students also ahead.