that there are actually eerie publicly in a slightly new way worse speaking privately to the saudis and the immoralities for some time. these concerns have been expressed were these are strong allies in the gulf and in the west with each other and cross these regions and they have been for years and the u.k. and the us support their intelligence logistics weapons and things have been in place for some time but what the u.s. and the u.k. can no longer continue to support is the ongoing fall of civilian deaths and human rights violations which of course is happening on both sides but i think what we're hearing from secretary mannus and from the u.k. as well is that the modest unconditional support for this at least publicly is now changed to modest conditional support for the time be the u.n. security council has been debating a report calling for seen the offices and meanwhile as military to face genocide

charges released on monday it details mass killing and gang rapes of ring of muslims investigators say at least ten thousand people were killed join the crackdown by the military which began last august. colombia and peru have agreed to set up a joint database of venezuelan migrants the announcement was made after a two day meeting both countries are struggling to manage the rapidly growing number of venezuelans crossing their borders the migrants are fleeing a deepening political and economic crisis at home according to the un more than two million have fled venezuela since twenty fourteen canadian officials are in washington d.c. for talks on the nafta trade treaty with the u.s. and mexico canada's prime minister justin trudeau says progress is being made on the potential rework of the treaty on monday the u.s. and mexico announce a new deal which could replace their trade terms agreed under the after. a

new study has found that nearly three thousand people died in puerto rico in the six months after hurricane maria it destroyed much of the island of last october the figure is double the government's previous estimate of fourteen hundred deaths it's also in sharp contrast to the sixty four deaths announced illegally after the storm iranian m.p.'s have rejected the president's attempt to blame u.s. sanctions for a struggling economy. he was summoned to parliament for the first time in his five years in power he's was asked to explain the reason for rising prices unemployment and the depreciation of the currency. queues of fans have been patiently waiting to say goodbye to the queen of soul aretha franklin the public is being allowed to view her body in her home city of detroit franklin died last week of pancreatic cancer at the age of seventy six her decades long singing career includes hits like respect to natural woman the funeral is set for friday. she was i

know she was well respected. missile i actually had a chance to sing for her last summer at the trade music weekend we did a tribute for her. time and we sang snippet of respect for her at her press conference before her she was revealed. just a little bit. those were the headlines of course we've got more news in half an hour to stay with us.

this is the story of a world whose territories and borders were drawn by the slave trade a world where violence subjugation and profit imposed their roots. this criminal system shaped our history on the island of the portuguese invented an economic model with unprecedented profitability the sugar plantation. and so she discovered she has to. give a kind of us to cook. the sixteenth century by then all of europe was trying to imitate them. a quest for profits would plunge a whole continent into chaos and violence. nearly thirteen million africans were thrown on to new slavery routes to the new world where the english the french and the dutch hope to become wealthy immensely.

because the caribbean has the same geographical and climatic features a south pole may eventually became the crossroads of the slavery routes. nowadays these islands are synonymous with holidays. the sweet life sunshine and nature killing mythical memories of a lost paradise. confine themselves to the beaches of suntan. but they could easily cross the threshold that separates the islands to realities.

of. skeletons were exuma within yards of the bathers. between five hundred in one thousand graves are still buried beneath the sand. beach is one of the fifteen slave cemeteries that have been excavated among the thousand that exist in the caribbean. eighty nine skeletons were exam for study by the archaeologists of unwrap the national institute for preventive archaeological research judging by the state of their bones the archaeologists concluded that these men and women had not reached the age of thirty. their death working on sugar plantations had so deformed their bodies that they looked like seventy five year olds. these people were guinea pigs for the

sugar experiment the collateral damage of an unprecedented commercial war the sugar war. seventy four percent of all slaves carried off. i would kind of because of sugar if you want to understand the slave trade you just need to know but show. more dicta of them pepper or cinnamon sugar spread throughout europe like wildfire from the seventeenth century on this rare and expensive food went to people's heads in the sand all of london amsterdam and paris sugar fever abounds leading a new generation of adventurers to do anything to have their piece of the pie. shipowners merchants and pirates everyone knew that to produce sugar he needed a lot of slaves. in this one john hawkins was one of these new entrepreneurs for whom only profits matter. this privateer was a pioneer the first to understand that you could make a fortune by shipping black captives to the new world he convince queen elizabeth

the first to lend him a ship the jesus of new back. for the expedition hawkins conspicuously set the tone by choosing a trussed up black man as his coat of arms. i confirm your room highness i will respond to you a profit of forty thousand mosques without causing offense to any of your friends and i as i will operate this enterprise for the benefit of your power if you give me agreement the expedition i propose involves say to me was to give me on sunday in the west indies in exchange for gold and enrolls that i intend to bring back in abundance. sixteen twenty a century after sugar plantations were introduced in brazil the atlantic became the battleground for the sugar war holland england in france wanted to break spain in portugal had germany over the new world they call eyes the caribbean an archipelago

suitable for cultivating sugar. the dutch took over curse our centers dishes and some of. the french sunda mang loop mark nick and granada. the english prevailed in the bahamas jamaica and barbados and dominica. only cuba and puerto rico remained under spanish rule after the extermination of the are like indians the first sugar canes flourished on this fertile land. the caribbean became a space of conquest for the europeans very early on really was the first place the columbus landed in the new world the first place that the spanish began to search for gold and the first place they began to enslave the indians so they were thoroughgoing spaces created by design. of european planters and imperial policy makers and for their profit right there aren't so many places where you can

completely overlay a territory like that so there are in some ways the caribbean is a space where you find the purest of colonial territories where the masters of the space actually get to create the space to suit their own needs. in guadalupe every plot of land every single square inch of ground contains traces of this violent and deeply rooted history. and. today all that is left of the sugar war is a field. of the two hundred fifty sugary fineries active in the late nineteenth century only to remain in operation.

in two thousand and seventeen at home in rap archeologists examine the remains of the son shocked residents and sugar refinery. a mill stock rooms and three rows of so-called negro huts where hundreds of slaves used to be confined. in this concentration camp like universe man was but one tool among others he was a mechanized emaciated body consumed by work until his last breath. both the time in which the slaves were digging the cane holes and the times in which their harvesting are really the peak of the labor on a plantation you could almost see the slaves wasting away when they were digging these cane holes because the work was so strenuous and they were getting fed so poorly.

you found women in all of the gangs oftentimes doing the hardest dirtiest labor on the plantation alongside the men or even before the men and one of the things that means when you find young women doing this quite debilitating labor is the. birth rates are very low and the mortality rates the infant mortality rate is shockingly high in the mid eighteenth century people talked about nine out of ten infants born to enslave jamaican women dying right within the first year so there's no way in which the plantation can reproduce itself under those kinds of conditions. he said as though he's sick but he needed to absolute amid displayed is broken images where these we need to come a nexus one look at this up to do that is. dead bodies of all the other he does she'll be nice to discover about this. shit dale human did goodies yesterday moment if i join. with us in the us but. this is

just that it boded most it doesn't look as mickey musial businesses don't get it at least it is all still more of the incurable is awful you must she i think safe i think cebu and i think. with the sugar plantation slavery entered a new era the stronger the demand for sugar the more the slave trade expanded and the more the slave traders sought bank support to finance their expeditions. london is one of the oldest centers of global finance the city of london was the first to create a commodities exchange to develop credit markets and tissue bank notes on a massive scale. without the invention of a centralized banking system the explosion of the slave trade in the eighteenth century would not possible. preparing for a slave expedition was expensive and having a financial arsenal gave england

a decisive advantage over its competitors. you've got to remember that the state is getting a tremendous amount of revenue from the plantation complex and they have a very strong vested interest in the slave trade. if you had gone to the king of england in sixteen eighty and said look i'm going to give you a choice you can either have these thirteen colonies in north america or you can have this one little island called barbados he would have taken barbados of the split second because of the sugar revenues and this is something that's going to persist as a very important interest for european states up until the very end of slavery. to support the civil war the city let money with abandon. in the midst of these glass buildings the two pillars of english economy to finance the slave trade still

dominate the london skyline on one side the very honorable bank of england the world's first central bank. on the other the u.k.'s most powerful insurance company the prestigious lloyd's of london. within the atlantic slave trade slave traders had to take on heavy debts to charter their ships without an insurance company most would risk ruin on their first expedition. you could lose a lot you could lose this ship if the ship was your own. you could lose the crew you could lose the cargo that you put on board to barter for slaves in africa and you could also lose the supplies you carry on board for the journey and this business slaves were just another commodity of varying quality that slave companies sought to sell off the best price a sixteen eighty six letter from a slave trader to his associate illustrates this. is the natural country on the

twenty first of february via the all in st on the first of march be on the merry arrival here on the twenty ninth of june with each boat having lost over one hundred of the meat runners there was transporting. the rest about a fluke and i invited by physical condition which will him to the south we said we must let them go for i have a letter right if we can even sell them at all. we on the difficult position of not knowing what to do with the new version in such bad condition that nobody dead come aboard to buy the.