twenty ninth of june with each boat having lost over one hundred of the negro years it was transporting. the rest how about a flute and i invited by physical condition which will him to the south we said we must let them go for i have a low rate if we can even sell them at all. we are on the difficult position of not knowing what to do with the new rivers that are in such bad condition that nobody dead come aboard to buy them. the slave traders invested in the trade as if it were a game of poker the risks were high but if successful the return on investment would far outweigh any other type of investment. insurers like lloyds had everything to gain by participating in this game of chance a successful expedition could yield up to three times the initial stake. in the

lloyd archives barely any evidence remains of the profits amassed by ensuring these perilous expeditions. most accounting records burned in a fire and eight hundred thirty eight the same year slavery was abolished in the british caribbean. ports had to adapt to this race to africa and the caribbean. in london black while became a slave trade principal wharf here trade goods were embarked precious fabrics jewels porcelains weapons and brandy's all bought on credit but the bank's money around this pier a giant port complex gradually unfolded a city within a city entirely devoted to this new business. following london six hundred sixty three the great seaports all russia one after the other to take advantage of this lucrative trade. copenhagen. bristol not.

liverpool ball though and work from all over europe slave ships that sail for africa. when i began to see slave ships leaving from not just liverpool anon but from every port in the atlantic as soon as a port becomes big enough to contemplate the trans oceanic voyage there's a good chance that voyage is going to be a slave trade voyage and we've got like one hundred and seventy separate ports tiny places today they've got no idea that once upon a time they send a slave boy just simply to support of the challenge is charming place and yet it's a slave trade pored. over a period of two centuries more than three thousand five hundred expedition set sail from french ports. more than half of them left from the port of not the french champion triangular trade. the sculpted figures along the kid love us

or fiddle island are reminders of an era when great slave trading families displayed their pride in being the main architects of the city's well. it was they who made not france's leading commercial pork. if it's what is clever. well clearly need is a home at sixty point reason really. no clue volley for you told yvonne to put your daughter far in the project all duty seriously put you to be sixteen sixty nine. from not bordeaux. and slavery money flowed back up rivers to all. and. it had such repercussions on inland areas that it became a national objective to the fourteenth fully understood this too when the sugar war he would need a powerful fleet. to the fourteenth order the construction. five hundred galleons.

delenn it became the theater of a naval war between france england and holland a fight to the death in which each something ship was a total loss of the country's economy. citic would cost. the hamid of be a. scandal if not more he said but screw. loose no small c. gay out of snow small in their yard to a game designer so no need be. says it's all said no. thousands of military ships followed in the wake of the slave trade fleet. sixteen thousand gallons were already protecting dutch commercial ships while the three thousand lightning fast royal navy cruisers terrified their adversaries france paled in comparison to such armada us. each nation needed a fortress in africa it was to compete in the atlantic race. just like the

caribbean islands these forts were the super structures with a triangular trade genuine military platforms the offered protection for guarded goods and captives before departure by sea. in less than eighty years forty three four to rebuilt from senegal to the niger delta every stone and every beam every element of masonry was transported by boat from europe. most of these fortresses are built by states individual capitalists or even groups of trading capitalists did not have that kind of money in order to build those sorts of fortresses. in sixteen eighty four back east because director of the company just had a gun wrote a progress report for the real fourteen on the construction force. the

king kept an eye on spending every penny invested in the slave trade had to generate profit. cost of all it's necessary to know what size the fortress must be the height of each busted up to control the quantity of bricks sand and whitewash that needs to be carried. as this expense would be considerable it is possible to provide some through congress but the chopper eight fortresses on two trading posts on the gold coast it is easy to judge the considerable sums they are since they supply six thousand negroes per year. our fortress was of live north of the colonies when the require a very large number of near us which will infinitely multiply a sugar manufacture. for

the time being france only had one fourth on the gold coast. they had to make up for lost time. the english already had thirteen the dutch ten the danish five even the prussians with the three forts surpass the french. on the gold coast on the side of present day ghana the fanti and ashanti rented europeans plots of land to build their forts . the europeans established trading posts and fortresses all along the atlantic coast on the airway territory of the congo kingdom. equitorial africa became the world's main source of captives. in this royal african company accounting document written in sixteen eighty eight

we learned that over an eight year period being less companies shipped sixty thousand seven hundred eighty three captives. each captive cost them eight to twelve pounds sterling equivalent today between eleven hundred and seven hundred dollars. all of them were bought with trade goods. the demand for slaves was so high that the europeans urge their african partners to plan rationalize and industrialize their methods of mass deportation. slaves or often bought on credit. and sold out amount that european ships would come they would have a whole cargo full of textiles different metal wearer. tobacco whatever and they these would be given to the local merchants extended to them on credit and then the merchants would go inland with those goods and buy slaves and come back the biggest impact was the level of. the level of violence the

rising level of violence the level of uncertainty. that permeated society everywhere and also the opportunity for new new big bad. two emerged new powerful leaders somebody gets a hold of more firearms somebody gets more aggressive they build their own personal chiefs up to suddenly the powerful. among these bosses was duke a major african broker from calabar. in his diary he spoke of the methods he used to terrorize captives kidnapping sequestration assassination. about four am i caught up awful rain i will talk to the city train pass

and i met all the guns and. we got many to cut off hats. five am we got decapitation snakes. fifteen and served out that. very clearly these sacrifices were intended as a form of terrorism that were meant to make it very clear to the population who was the boss and who was not the very much the way to. the mafioso type organizations.

behave in terms of making sure that the members of the association respect whoever the godfather is and if anybody steps out of line they can be assassinated or killed and so they don't step out of line obviously. when the us song called lapsed this university professor became a millionaire and a criminal in the last. fifteen years old his daughter embarks on an extraordinary journey to find him. my six million dollars father a witness and documentary all knowledge is iraq. the latest news as it breaks they study medically holding on for this right as they walk about about an hour to

haul off in that direction with detail coverage let you know make a never before seen such a factoring number of refugees leaving one country from around the world the project raised questions right from the very start that this entrance cost two hundred thousand dollars to build. just largest catholic country is witnessing a dramatic rise in teenage pregnancy. when used investigates why so many filipino children are having babies. on al-jazeera. al-jazeera. where every you.

you're watching all jazeera i'm still run into all these are all top news stories the u.s. has defended its support for the saudi a morality coalition fighting in yemen defense secretary james mattis says washington's backing for the coalition is constantly under review he says he's hoping for a u.n. brokered negotiation on the conflict in yemen. the u.n. security council has been debating a report calling for senior officers in the air miles military to face genocide charges released on monday the details mass killings and gang grapes of wrath muslims investigators say at least ten thousand people were killed during the crackdown by the military which began last august colombia and peru have agreed to set up a joint database of that as well and migrants the announcement was made after a two day meeting both countries are struggling to manage the rapidly growing number of venezuelans crossing their borders the migrants are fleeing

a deepening political and economic crisis at home according to the u.n. more than two million have fled venezuela since twenty fourteen or less under the m.p.'s he has more from bogota in colombia colombia peru and if you calculate it better been receiving the highest number. of migrants so far roughly one million are in colombia they more than four hundred thousand in pedro so that migration of thirty. three and the two governments are finally deciding that he's going to cooperate and start working more coordinated more coordinated policy in the region to deal with their exodus canadian officials are in washington d.c. for talks on enough to trade treaty with the u.s. and mexico canada's prime minister justin trudeau says progress is being made on the potential we work of the treaty on monday the u.s.

and mexico announced a new deal which could replace their trade terms agreed and enough to. a new study has found that nearly three thousand people died in puerto rico in the six months after hurricane rita the figure is double the government's previous estimate of fourteen hundred deaths. iranian m.p.'s have rejected the president's attempt to blame us sanctions for a struggling economy hassan rouhani was summoned to parliament for the first time it is five years in power as the country experiences rising prices unemployment and the depreciation of its currency those were the headlines and back with an offer to stay with us while i was there. on the island of the portuguese invented an economic model with unprecedented profitability the sugar plantation. nearly thirteen million africans were thrown on to new slavery routes to the new world where the english the french and the dutch hope to become wealthy immensely

wealthy. for the benefit of a handful of enterprising unscrupulous profiteers the entire continent on economy was disrupted. on the coast african brokers knew all the inner workings of the sugar plantation. a slave ship from some a low. doc that long ago in the kingdom of congo. it's captains drawings provide exceptional details of the negotiations between europeans and africans. the merchants from the coast knew that the captain was in a hurry he absolutely had to arrive in the west indies before harvest time. this

was the time of year when slaves sold best and when the best sugar was available. so they deliberately prolong negotiations to drive prices up. three hundred twelve captives rounded up in one hundred sixteen days. african response to the expansion of the trade was directly tied to the fact that people in the various embarkation points in the african coast knew exactly what was going on in the americas all of these individuals and work were entirely aware of the plantation system of the americas. the merry staff ico arrived in san domingo one year after leaving friends only nine captives had perished a good ratio for the crew which celebrated success. in the drawings of the merry star sheik no allusion to the slave suffering appears. they were dehumanized

shadows tallied and lined up like barrels at the bottom of the hold it in many cases the transportation of human beings turned into a nightmare. it's very important to understand that violence on board slave ships would be used selectively in other words no captain wanted to kill the entire allotment of people on board because that voyage within have no profit so when there was resistance what the captains would do is organize a a spectacle in which a small number of people would be executed and if stream leave vicious horrific ways as a means of terrorizing everybody else all of the enslaved would be forced to come up on deck in order to view these executions one slave ship surgeon said that frequently the decks the main deck of the ship would just be completely awash in blood and the aftermath of one of these failed revolts revolts were common and they

were almost always suppressed but the captains would use that situation to kill a small number in order to intimidate everybody else sending the message that if you resist us this will be your fate. on caribbean beaches captives disembarked as blacks in a world dominated by whites. an outlet for a society founded on violence and race the carnival echoes the days when the sugar industry imposed its rhythms rites and seasons and set the pace for island life.