the world's growing almost addiction. on al-jazeera. well there's a problem and the headlines on al-jazeera activists say rebel controlled provinces and northwestern syria is being attacked from the air more than twenty eight separate air strikes are reported to have killed at least two civilians and injured all those in the last rebel held territory the united nations has warned that a full assault on could spark a humanitarian catastrophe on a scale not yet seen and syria's seven year of war stephanie deca has more from on talk india turkey's border with syria. after almost three weeks of no air strikes on live province they seem to have now resumed particularly in the southwestern area of the province and also northwest how much activists telling us that

a couple of civilians have already been killed in these airstrikes however at the same time we're being told that no major places tactical places have been hit the big question of course is this has this expected offensive on live started we know of course that there is intensive negotiations going on behind the scenes you have the u.s. special envoy to syria james jeffrey he is in ankara today talking with the turks the turks want to do everything to avoid an all out escalation on it particularly because they don't want hundreds of thousands of syrians trying to get into turkey's borders turkey already housing over three million syrian refugees its borders remain closed but certainly damascus has made it very clear that there will be an offensive the question is in what shape is it going to take will it be limited a lot of rumors over the last few weeks that the first phase of the offensive would be around the areas that you're being that you're seeing hit at the moment i think the next couple of hours will be key to see whether this is something that is an

escalation and of course also all eyes on a meeting on the seventh of september on friday between iran russia and turkey that will be taking place in the iranian capital many people will tell you it's on a question of whether or if this offensive will take place it's just a matter of what now the u.n. special envoy to syria has said in the last hour that there is hope for the revival of the process two words a political solution to the conflict. i will goal is consistent with twenty to fifty four people some people think we have forgotten is there and the sochi final statement is to facilitate the establishment of a inclusive syrian led fifty m. own constitutional committee. people includes many issues but we have reached it boring to you too many circumstances.

can be and should be reported for what we call. another news the taliban in afghanistan has announced the death of commander carney he fell under the hood conning network responsible for decades of suicide bomb attacks and hostage taking. and yemen thousands of people have demonstrated in the city of tires on monday demanding the local authorities take control of security protesters gave their support to the army and police units in their fight against the u.a.e. backed battalions of. us. reports and spanish media suggest the government will cancel a delivery of four hundred bombs to saudi arabia this is amid fears that they could be used to target civilians in yemen the defense minister is returning more than ten million dollars paid by saudi for the military equipment. two people have died as typhoon gebbie hit japan and trains and flights are suspended and damages

mounting their woman for the weather system could trigger floods and landslides and the southwest japan has already endured extreme weather this year. now the american football player whose protests against racial inequality led to dozens of his fellow players needling during the u.s. national anthem has been signed to fountain latest marketing campaign called a cap and a canal and the deal was this photo on twitter it could put him among marquees highest paid athletes despite have not having the team. but those are the headlines on al-jazeera do stay with slavery roots slavery's new from t. is coming up next thank you very much for watching.

this is the story of a world whose territories were forged by the slave trade a world where violence subjugation and profit imposed that roots the slave system created the greatest accumulation of wealth the world had ever seen up to that moment to. its seven hundred ninety the slave trade was at a climax more than one hundred thousand captives were deported every year. at the extremes of human domination even in slavery we find there is always resistance there is always tension and there's always struggle at the dawn of the nineteenth century slave traders violence brought about the decline of the transatlantic slave trade to become immoral europe now had to find an alternative means of accumulating wealth in the years following abolition european stretched the limits of slavery.

brazil bears the legacy of slavery so final years. at the very moment the slave trade was banned a second wave of deportation struck rio de janeiro back. over two million slaves landed there during the one nine hundred centuries making rio the largest slave trade port in the world. people in brazil of african descent makes it very clear that brazil is. the second largest african country in the world

the only country where as more people of african descent. brazil is my jury. however in certain neighborhoods simply being young black and poor can get you shot down in the middle of the street. the real police have been carrying out regular raids in the fabulous over the past decade on the pretext of ridding slums of crime these operations make brazil the world champion of police violence against the black population. but it took. his deeds in. the bones you will cause a little yellow. these little things but there's a dummy up by a city cease ok to somebody. yes it was

a simpler melodious. one hundred thirty years after the abolition of slavery afro brazilians are still by far the country's poorest population second class citizens in a world divided between blacks and whites. i think it's very important for people to realize that for eight hundred twenty for every european that traveled across the atlantic there were probably four africans. but i don't think anyone had any idea about the whole of the history of the americas as written in terms of european settlement. in the late eighteenth century africans in creole blacks constituted the

overwhelming majority of the population in brazil venezuela and the caribbean. the omnipresence of africans in the society was depicted in watercolors by a french botanist during his stay in rio. this massive presence of slaves harbored fears of conspiracy poisoning and murder among the white population. don't some. day. so nice on the last three years on our show michael sheehan want to show you some back to so measure it don't get yes it. may be easiest to meto someone who. on this black continent at the heart of the new world whites greatest fear was actually materializing and uprising of the entire slave population. became a powder keg. the island was ready to ignite and blow the entire slave system to pieces from the americas all the way to europe. forty

five thousand new african captives landed every year on the coast of this french colony were slaves made up ninety percent of the population. following the seven hundred eighty nine revolution the freedom celebrated in the declaration of the rights of man rang out like a rallying cry for the newly arrived. he did not escape out of the. manhood. somewhat but i want to see it yes you can eat meat pretty badly bill and sid if food i.e. . but don't you lick them they will see night out. like a tale whispered at nightfall the account of this first insurrection all night began with a horrible cycle. it all started on the night of august twenty second seven hundred ninety one when slaves got. to listen to the incantations of

a voodoo priestess and plan for insurrection although there is no evidence that this clandestine ceremony actually occurred the date nevertheless mark the unleashing of the revolutionary wipe out tire plantation system. me. god who created the. who created the sun gives us light the god who holds up the ocean. who makes the thunder wrong. god who has ears to hear you who are hidden in the clouds who watches spring where you are. you see all that the white has made us suffer. the white man's god asks him to commit crimes but the god within us wants to do good. our god who is so good so just or does us to revenge our wrongs. is he who will direct our arms and bring us

the victory it is he who will assist us we all should throw away the image of the white man's god who is so pitiless listen to the voice of liberty that speaks in all our hearts. let's say we need a way to tell you won't face up do you need to assist a freak in the flu deal would do eighty plays on loan to tell if this that's showing the system of colonialist kind of a g.'s they don't say you would do is have. you got that because of clue in the us on this is discovered. the liberation war would last twelve years. alongside george b.s. who booked months a former coach driver an air force want to son lead the charge earning the nickname to sound vet your first capacity to breach enemy lines. these black jacobins

crushed all the colonial armies inflicting napoleon but his first military defeat. this images at the time when you saw it live it becomes master of the entire island and so this image i think condenses the fear that white people felt of black uprising is a man named simon taylor who is one of the richest planters in jamaica in the early nineteenth century and when he hears that the french are planning to retake the island of sound the man he says out of that are going to be able to do it. and the reason is the way of fighting wars is different in the west indies to what it is in europe and if tucson and the other chiefs decide to submit maybe they can take over the county and maybe they can retake the colony if they don't submit they'll burn the towns and retreat to the mountains and live as maroons and they'll wait for the french soldiers to die of disease this is in fact what happens with the clear

expedition that tries to retake son the man. that. no european nation managed to reconquer the island in one thousand for the first black republican history was born out of the ashes of sentiment in haiti with the slaves victory the word freedom resonated around the world and with it the fear that the revolution would contaminate all the plantations. in the. company. of the for the for. the. it was the revolution made by slaves that had world historical consequences that slavery river

aleutian in send to main destroyed the most productive colony in the in the world in a time when there's demographic growth and increasing demand for slave produce commodities half the world's production was withdrawn from the world market by the haitian revolution so not only is there expansion there's a huge hole in this horse sources of supply so that reconfigured the whole atlantic economy. by the time europe woke up from the haitian trauma ten thousand white inhabitants had already fled the island. plantation owners quickly found new lands where they could apply their skills everywhere people wanted to capitalize on their knowledge of intensive farming sugar in cuba the cotton in the united states and coffee in brazil the freedom slaves had snatched in haiti had a paradoxical consequence it reinforce lavery all over the american continent.

in rio's back country the party of a valley had for a long time been covered with impenetrable primary forests. today bare mountains are all that is left. trees were cleared in the early one nine hundred centuries to give way to intensive coffee culture the new source of wealth. as good fuzzy and there's a vent by about l.s.d. why visit a vampire. of his at the flick on a g. to be made is it a. name. ls

it. defies and this it just got out of was meant to happen that meet. some masters possessed up to one thousand slaves all applied a scientific organization of labor. rigorous accounts were kept every day. and persuasive became the fundamental principle cutting plantation organization. everything was built around the coffee drying grounds the slaves had to go out in groups in the morning to plant or to pick and the big plantations they had slave quarters enclosed barracks with one entrance and so it looks like a car still situation was certainly hard to escape but the other reason is you could get the slaves up all that once in the morning and then as they marched out

the gate you could give them their tools. so the space organizes the flow of labor. every thing has a function so that you don't even have to watch the slaves because you know where they're supposed to be. so it's a kind of industrial production producing industrial raw materials for the factories of britain and new mass consumption markets so there's a huge transformation of production which means for the slaves it's much more exploitative the output precisely for those of ten times it's an average in each of those crops from what i've been in the eighteenth century. five thousand six hundred miles from europe these men and women are the hidden face of the industrial revolution.

the world was changing in the early nineteenth century europe was urbanised growing wealth of money flowed freely and london was more than ever the world's economic epicenter. in the british capital the new middle class flocked to the new department stores forgetting that the cotton sundresses combs ivory umbrellas and sweets they purchased with the fruits of slave labor. there's a disjunct between what's happening in the colonial societies and what's happening in the much of all societies. and the metropolitan policy makers begin to disavow what's happening in the colonies in some ways and they stop recognizing that kind

of violence as their own violence slavery is the opposite of liberal freedom so britain has the very freedom has to say slavery is wrong british abolition of the slave trade is the greatest justification say well we're really disinterested it's not for intrigue economic motives but for ideological motives we're for freedom. businessmen looking for more secure investments. investing in british spinning mills was indeed much less incriminating. there was no master plan in setting up the global economy as we see it today there were just you know manufacturers in britain developing new machines these machines suddenly needed much more cock so they tried to buy this cotton somewhere they didn't really care where it came from but the place where they found it where they

were able to buy huge quantities at ever had cheap prices this was in the americas and this was eventually in the united states. in this new industrial society the supply of raw materials was the key to success. from an economic perspective the world's leading financial power no longer needed the slave trade. in its no seven great britain resolved to abolish the transatlantic slave trade the thing that i think also needs to be said is that this was not simple altruism on the part of great britain in other words it wasn't simply the humanitarianism of the abolition movement it's that britain did not want other imperial rivals to have the benefit of slave labor when in fact they didn't. in eight hundred fifteen armed with its naval supremacy great britain impose the

cessation of the slave trade on france and its other commercial rivals this decision taken by the leading european slave power gradually shot the north atlantic slave trade routes. however the same time to set off new deportations within slave countries by grouping together the slaves born on its soil the united states was also about to enter a new era of slavery. a fairly small percentage of the people brought over to the americas in the slave trade actually came to north america probably three four five percent and yet by the time you get to one thousand nine hundred eight hundred twenty five eight hundred thirty a very large percentage of the a slave population is in the united states because of natural population growth so that is a very important part of the story thomas jefferson for example who advocated closing the slave trade did so at least in part because he knew that the slaves

that he was going to sell from his plantations into the new plantation regions would become more and more valuable with the closing of the slave trade. cotton farming concentrated all of the country slave labor along the banks of the mississippi. by foot or by boat sold or brought by their owners one million slaves from new york baltimore washington and st louis were deported down south of . new orleans in natchez became massive slave markets. after brazil the united states became the new land of industrial slavery. most of the people were between fourteen and twenty two they were sold single e.

and they were roughly of a bias to mation half men have women so if you think about that here young people taken out of their families out of their communities ship a thousand miles away to really a very exploitative place where they have to form their own communities and their own families from scratch because that all the cut nobody that they had in their lives with such as it was was taken away. buying slaves of both sexes and inside a union so that they would breed. this was the only way for plantation owners to increase their slave livestock the reproductive capacity the conception of children the bearing of children to term the raising of children has many meanings one of them is an economic meaning for slave holders and for the slave economy in general .

women's lawns were included in the production system giving their masters full dominion over them. rape is a very common. one of the most important stories that we have is that of a young woman named celia celia lived in central missouri on a small farm and she was brought there at the age of fourteen and endured three years of rape sexual assault by her own or poor three children she eventually kills her own are and is tried for murder there in central missouri and while she is ultimately convicted of murder and executed she's convicted because by law she's not permitted to assert self defense as an slaved woman but no one disputes that she was raped. to procure slaves

brazil had to opt for another strategy perpetuating the slave trade but this time by illegal means. despite britain struggle to put an end to it the slave trade exploded in the southern hemisphere. within thirty five years over two point five million captives embarked from west africa to plantations all over the world. they were soon joined by four hundred thousand cap this on the eastern coast whose main market was in zanzibar. if you look from eight hundred fifteen to let's about around eight hundred fifty eight hundred fifty five. there were actually more slaves transported across the atlantic then it any equivalent time in the whole history of the slave trade at the time is supposed to be done.

indian ocean is one of the oldest commercial exchange zones in the world. africa and east have been trading there for over two thousand years. along these routes circulate ivory food products and clothes as well as african captives. driven by western demand zanzibar became a strategic crossroads here in zanzibar one of the world's last lead trade ports was about to develop. zanzibar developed in the nineteenth century largely as a major center of trade. but also became the center of a large commercial empire something of zanzibar controlled not only zines about but

tried to control the whole cost line. by eight hundred sixty s. something like twenty thousand slaves what coming through signs about but of these slaves eight thousand six thousand may be. exported out. deported from the u.k. indoctrinated by somalia's and how can a young man disillusioned by five rebuild his life as a mixed race going to be if it's they can kill and reunite his family africa's no not call me often like a lost warrior a witness documentary on a jazzier. al-jazeera

. you read every year. as we embrace new technologies rarely do we stop to ask what is the price of this progress what happened was people started getting sick but there was a small group of people that began to think that maybe this was related to the kind of this closure in the job and investigation reveals how even the smallest devices have deadly environmental and health costs we think ok we'll send our you waste to china but we have to remember that air pollution travels around the globe death by design on al-jazeera.

and ominous of a problem and how the headlines on al-jazeera activists say rebel controlled province in northwestern syria is being attacked from the air more than twenty airstrikes have appointed have killed at least two civilians and enjoyed others and the last rebel held territory while the u.n. special envoy to syria has said in the last hour that there is hope for a political solution to the conflict our goal is. consistent with twenty to fifty four people some people think we have forgotten is there and the sochi final statement is to facilitate the establishment of a inclusive syrian led fieri. constitutional committee

as you know twenty two fifty four includes many of the issues but we have reached a point due to many circumstances. that the constitution committee can be and should be in the entry point for what we call a credible political process. the taliban in afghanistan has announced the death of commander of the me he founded the company network responsible for decades of suicide bomb attacks in the hostage taking his son said i didn't who succeeded him as a leader said his father died in the after a long battle with illness. two people have died as typhoon hit japan trains and flights suspended and damage is mounting there are warnings that the weather system could trigger floods and landslides in the southwest japan has already endured extreme weather this year. the president of the philippines has ordered the arrest of one of his most outspoken critics were there they revoked the seven year amnesty

senator on torn new york three on this so police can now of arrest him at any time he says he won't resist arrest and described the president's order as illegal and draconian. the american football player has protests against racial inequality inequality led to dozens of his fellow players kneeling during the u.s. national anthem has been signed. as marketing campaign colin kaepernick announced the deal with this photo on twitter it could put him in up among nike's highest paid athletes despite him not having a t.v. . those are the headlines on al-jazeera do stay with us slavery roots continues next thank you for watching. this is the story of a world whose territories were forged by the slave trade a world where violence subjugation and profit imposed their roots the slave system created the greatest accumulation of wealth the world had ever seen

up to that moment in time. in seven hundred ninety s. later it was at a climax more than one hundred thousand captives were deported every year. at the extremes of human domination even in slavery we find there is always resistance there is always tension and there's always struggle. zanzibar merchants captured their slaves on the continent. back then eighty percent of the slaves deported to zanzibar peasants who lived

around lake malawi they still cultivated land there today. every year now women reenact initiation rites inherited from their ancestors this ceremony was originally meant to prepare teenagers for future hardships. families fled their villages to escape from the slave traders violence. exile expose them to poverty starvation and disease. in the eyes of philanthropist from the greatest slave trading nations great britain and france others were now to blame for the cruelty of slavery. in zanzibar the others with their arms were healing. and then slavery became the criteria for creating a hierarchy the states of the americas including the united states were less than

britain because they could live with slavery the brazilians the cubans were morally corrupt because they weren't bothered by by coexisting with the evils of slavery so they were they were on a lower standard than the british africans were ruled out. the world map was redrawn to distinguish enlightened powers from half civilized countries barbarian kingdoms and savage lands. religions political regimes and degree of civilization make up a value system used to rank peoples around the world. with these standards slavery had become a backward practice unworthy of a civilised nation where lee fighting the slave trade no longer was enough slavery had to be eradicated. with this global surge of abolition and slavery and institution as old as humanity began to shrink. the movement was launched

by the former spanish colonies when came the british colonies. called by the french and finally the dutch. were war with the victory of the abolitionists slavery became a thorny problem for the united states. how could they renounce slavery when the american economy was run by southern plantation owners. this wealthy elite often considered itself as heir to the greco roman civilization which legitimated slavery many claim the connection staging it in the architecture and interior decoration of their homes for them slavery was a mainstay of the social order. one of the men who served as a slave ship captain and actually probably the best known slave ship captain from

that history is john newton the man who wrote the famous him amazing grace he said that watching human beings treated as they were in this system slavery had the effect of hardening the human heart of eradicating sympathy and newton says the violence is learned the violence is learned within the slave trade it's not the moral failing of an individual that's at issue here it's a requirement of the job. the clash between those who considered slavery has a necessary evil and those who experienced it as a retrograde practice resulted in a devastating civil war in one thousand nine hundred eighty one the united states burst into flames nearly two hundred thousand afro americans enrolled in the union army. for african-americans

the war is a war for abolition from the start be they enslaved people who watch who wait who take their opportunities at every chance during the war to further the unions interest or free african-americans a half million of them in the north many of whom will raise troops volunteer themselves for the union forces raise money and care for black soldiers when the union army fails to do so. ha. hundred sixty five after four years of destructive warfare united states declared

the abolition of slavery. at last they could claim their place among the most unlikely nations of the world. so workers gain their freedom but this freedom is very very limited and it's especially limited economically and of course then that reconstituted state governments of the american south they are deeply repressive and they are deeply interested in fixing workers to places not allowing them to work in other sectors of the economy. freedom but nothing else.

in the united states as well as in france or jamaica laws forbidding the equal treatment of freed slaves were promulgated. they were denied their rights to vote. at the fence and freedom of movement. those who protested or killed those who refused to work were incarcerated and sentenced to forced labor. accounts by former slaves recorded in one thousand nine hundred eighty nine and kept in the library of congress. age sixteen and eight hundred sixty five fountain hughes recalled his first days as a free man when he found out that we're free why did he. go to different people. the way you. stanwell could we have know. what you.

want to make already know. here. they are now i couldn't. cross a street. race attach the former slave to a specific territory legally confining him to ghettos without any hope of getting out. former slaves who from then on subjugated by virtue of their skin color. the violence of any white person against the body of any black person was permitted by law. with emancipation in the united states in eight hundred sixty five with the end of the civil war four million cotton growers in slave cotton grows when their freedom europeans by the eight hundred six thousand eight hundred seventy is try to find ways to secure

a carton and one of the places they begin to look at is the continent of africa which has a very long history of cotton agriculture eight hundred seventy three the abolition of the slave trade and slavery and unexpected repercussions in africa block on the coast to survive population continue to grow their emancipation gave europeans a justification for sending their armies the belgians then the french satellites western coast the british followed in nigeria and on the eastern coast all in the name of progress and the good of humanity. about the elders was about a quandary. a look at us you know by let. me look closely suz dilute control a thread going to zip ask a fertile ma i look at. wherever

great britain intervened and apply pressure to put an end to the selling of slaves . in one thousand nine hundred three in negotiating the abolition of the slave trade with the sultan of zanzibar. this is in some ways ironic that the british mean to abolish slavery and slave trade but by doing it it really forced people to say what if we can't export slaves we will use the slaves within to produce things that we can export. spurred on by these grand moral principles dozens of europeans went off in search of adventure ready to invest in the wrong a two year olds that your needed. the missionary dr david livingstone became the

figurehead for abolitionist explores. the people who supported these missions what businesspeople people who had money so they probably had some idea of why they just did it's not just interested in finding the stock kept mountains of africa but when it comes to missionaries livingstone was actually quite clear he knew or what the capitalists what interested in. the missionary organization he told them that this is philanthropy last five percent that there is an interest for you as businessmen and he said quite openly philanthropy joined us to fight against slavery abolish slavery because that is an interest for you you would produce cloth to sell to the people. some explorers made the

most of local merchants advice and logistical support. among the latter was. one of the most important slave traders in western africa he controlled an immense territory along lake tanganyika. thanks to. andrew morton stanley went up the congo river and chorus traditional village chiefs into signing contracts that stripped them of millions of acres of land for the benefit of the belgian king leopold the second. penry stanley led his new buggy and penetrated deep into africa on the way he rechristened the cities of kissing ghani in kinshasa with his own name he was soon joined by french british and german explorers who entered africa from the west bee's expeditions mark the transition from evangelizing missions to european imperialism depicted as a young boy began to trade along that central groat. on the congo he

traded over a large area and was the last. figure there who were also head is all and almost wasn't allowed me. although neglected. house tells us much about the fortune this great merchant a must. in his autobiography recounted his negotiations with stanley in the belgian diplomats. stanley arrived with a dozen europeans we met at the councils and he told me. we wish you to accept to become governor in the name of belgium and that your voice the belgian flag in the districts clear under your rule. i hosted one its diamond falls when i arrived and my men did the same wherever we came. former slaves were enlisted in the comp. three armies. weapons in hand the french

the belgian and the british went deeper and deeper into the equitorial forest. europeans placed peasant communities under military control and forced them to produce palm oil rubber cocoa coffee and of course cotton. on these farms nothing distinguished former slaves from expropriated farmers. and outs of small change in a few ounces of salt were enough for europeans to claim they were progressive. former slave trade routes became the roots of forced labor. and they use it like mad to lose it all but the gate with a value the filthy deuce. god knows it's love i made it by plays it when you discover it all when they leave all. of you as you only be

a place yet and that them up wanted to avoid you to be the a unique individual. only a was a day a dog was health of a belly to be treated to feel. captured by been sold by henry stanley to a rubber farmer a congolese slave describe the acts of violence perpetrated in villages administered by the belgian some foreign news employed by the state took advantage of the absence of that she was to have used torture and sometimes even kill people a man nicknamed the eagle thanks to his cruelty was the chief supervisor of the robber department and this man was very cruel he killed a lot of people. in this hard labor system missionary's became the helpless witnesses of the farmers abuses. armies bankrolled by the belgians terrorized villagers and cost rebellions. every bullet was counted and to prove that they had

used their weapons well soldiers had to bring back the hands of their victims a stray bullet when an innocent loses hand. in front is used if you are giving us your live your lungs don't get me bay city people who probably will be looking you open you did see real easy to you bill and when i was awfully good when i link could get was a free game pretty fair accepted last super must have been pulling for x. it be misused really that this could. be viewed on a flick. with strobes of doctors and i missed in colonial administrators race was used by europe as a scientific tool to justify its domination africa became a homogeneous entity relegated to the very bottom of the human scale race mistrustful against slavery as principles for the two pillars of colonisation.

the continuation of racial hierarchy is often emancipation is not remotely surprising because it was all that in the ways in which the abolitionists thought the numbers of abolitionists who truly had a conception of african culture african men and women in any way equal to them was relatively small. even the most egalitarian of the abolitionists assume that you know british culture is civilized evolved at cetera et cetera i mean that's part of the that's part of our understanding.

once they had progressed deep into the continent the europeans built railways from the interior to the coasts. at the end of the lines the capitals of the new colonies group the car blog posts. one blog new on the cape town doris all. caught palm oil rubber cocoa and ivory were transported to these ports then shipped all over the world. i mean i'm not going to. get into that. at the time colonial conquest african political powers with whom the europeans have been trading for five centuries but deprived of all the rights.

brazil one of the first territories to see sugarcane fields flourish was one of the last to ban slavery. on may thirteenth each mediate the embers of brazil ratify the abolition of slavery. ending four hundred fifty years of our four brazilian enslavement. oh movimento what is so nice to veto yours a little bit as you get on with a man to call set of a good faith to put a who's no i don't move him into had to call in q.'s new good resist of it and we will veto. in a day job but as you get a cubit as you put his office

a civilization but look at egypt and the way they have the progress it does if it is a soul is to vent on did at the main shit that i live this quietly may not sell that bought a body calls out the police could have a dome was wrong a limb and i saw this kind of you don't have is to move immutable is when used to but it didn't get them bang it was near goose and they started a bit as you put that out to spot a bit was just at the minute. the writings of raymond on in your rodriguez a professor of forensic medicine at the university of bio illustrate this point in eight hundred ninety one he reflected on the destiny of a slave descendants. the negro race in brazil will forever constitute one of the factors are inferiority as a people it would be important to determine to what extent this inferiority lies in the negro populations inability to civilize itself and have on the whole mixing

races compensates this in for you are insane. both the government and the planters wanted to whiten the population the former to erase the traces of slavery the latter to depend less upon these newly freed workers. in one thousand nine hundred one two hundred fifteen thousand europeans arrived in brazil three times as many people as in the darkest hour of the history of the slave trade human trafficking was replaced by the immigration of millions of poor europeans. ellen for thing to put calls across seas will i started the house is marketing of the equation started this kind of a deal in. the

in. the it. heat. if. the is. over the course of twelve centuries an estimated nine to twelve million african captives were transported on the trans harney and eastern brutes. from fifteen sixteen onward in three and a half centuries thirteen million men women and children were deported to the americas between the raids famines wars and epidemics this globalization of

violence caused the death of an estimated fifty million africans both direct and indirect victims of the great empires last for expansion historians today are still trying to evaluate the demographic economic political and social consequences of this human tragedy unparalleled in scale to disdain. i think will truly be making progress when we all accept the history of slavery as all of our history so this tree of slavery is not black history and it's not just the history of white colonization but the history of human equality is the legacy for all of us and it's a legacy we all must contend with right not a white person only thinking about themselves as it is something of a slave holder but the white person thinking of themselves the descent of a slave to write the black person view themselves as a sense of slaveholders way of thinking that we've inherited the basic structures of these societies right these basic inequalities but what we do with that is up to

us that can really help us move forward as a society. from the neon lights of asia. to the city that never sleeps. hello there we're seeing most of the cloud put away from south america now look at the satellite picture we can see this area of cloud in the east gradually pulling its way your way towards the east and over the sea it's still bringing a fair amount of cloud over rio at the moment that we are a little bit more there on choose day so also dragging the temperatures down with a little bit as well so twenty three degrees will be the maximum here as we head

through the day on tuesday towards the west it's hot force in santiago twenty nine degrees is the expected max about by wednesday we're into the fresh air so twenty one should be on my swim this time as we head further north for many of us in the central americas there's plenty of showers with us and plenty of sunshine as well so your in the day you'll see the clouds pop up and then we'll see some fairly heavy downpours we're going to see some heavier rain over parts of panama and into costa rica here does look pretty wet throughout the day on wednesday a soggy one for us a bit further towards the north and we've got all tropical storm with us now it's emerged out of this massive cloud hare's cool gordon and it's expected to run its way towards the northwest is already flooding some of us in florida and now that rain is pushing its way northward so plenty of rain there ahead of it we've got this stalled weather system here that's going to continue to bring us some very wet weather for some of us we have seen some flooding already in the north. there with sponsored by qatar these. struggles.

because in the study those. who are full of pleasure you know let's don't get out of there. yeah it's just an intimate look at life in cuba today. and i mean yeah me down long time with three eggs told me it was a little what the answer would be you know mike you want to just zero. taiwan. a sovereign island state or a renegade province of china that must soon return to mainland control. as the battle for taiwanese hearts and minds intensifies. people in power investigates the tactics of those to whom reunification is only a matter of time. taiwan spies lies and prostrate.

on a jersey. this is al jazeera. and i welcome to the al-jazeera news hour live from our headquarters in doha with me elizabeth piron i'm coming up in the next sixty minutes fears of a humanitarian crisis in syria as as live province as air strikes begin. the taleban said the founder of one of the on the most feared armed factions has died. the strongest typhoon to hit japan and other two decades makes landfall. and ip disturbance with the sports former n.f.l. quarterback colin kaepernick strikes a big deal and sparks a big.