let's get more for you the american reaction to what's been going on in the saudi consulate in istanbul there you can see people carrying those pictures of jamal khashoggi let's listen in to what they're saying i would not get away with. thank you. my name is medea benjamin i'm with the peace group called code pink i knew jamal and actually was critical of him for not being more critical of the saudi government we had some very wonderful exchanges and my heart goes out to his family and to everybody who knew and loved him of course we want to believe he's still alive but i don't believe it i believe that he is dead and you know why because i know what the saudi

government is capable of and i want to denounce the western democracies for their hypocrisy and their enabling of saudi behavior for so many years now for what the saudis are doing in yemen with the u.s. support for the jailing of so many other journalist for the jailing of women's rights activists of scholars of lawyers for what the saudis are doing to create such havoc in the middle east and the u.s. in all the administrations has been enabling this because of oil because of weapons sales because of money and i asked the. congressman why you're the saudis able to get away with it in the said one word impunity and that is the issue impunity it's time for the impunity to end we will also be at the saudi embassy at twelve o'clock calling for accountability we hope you'll join us there thank you. thank you medea thank you to everyone who came here today think many have been

a sum and i would like to thank our brothers who were instrumental in putting this together abroad who are on the mission and but the of they could not be here today but they were instrumental in putting this press conference together thank you congressman kali for being here and this is the beginning of the campaign we're not going to let out be not going to stop until we get answers until we either know for sure what happened and hold those who tried to harm him or harm him accountable to their actions thank you again. ok we'll leave that informal news conference there in washington clearly a campaign there coming together coalescing around the absence of the. saudi journalist jamal khashoggi who's been missing for the past seven or eight days or so one of the campaign as they're saying before we go to the saudi embassy a little later in washington d.c. she said she knows why this happens it happens because of impunity because the

people that she claimed are responsible for this journalist now having been missing for more than a week they can act with impunity they are asking for an end to that and they are calling for accountability dovetailing perfectly with the protests that were taking place a little earlier outside the saudi embassy in london following on from the disappearance of jamal khashoggi he walked into the embassy to get some paperwork he left his fiance outside she then waited for eleven hours you can see there the c.c.t.v. footage focusing in on what represents the the centerpiece of this investigation that is one of the black vans that has diplomatic plates is one of the black vans that reportedly allegedly took fifteen men who've also been identified by turkish media to the airport they got on to private jets regularly hired and used by

high level saudis when they've visited istanbul when they visited turkey and then they've returned the intriguing thing about that is that neither of those aircraft when they left istanbul flew to saudi arabia they went to two other separate countries one of those fifteen men you're now looking at is being labeled as a high ranking saudi forensic expert the key accusation is that jamal khashoggi in effect walks through the doors of the building to his death that is the key accusation amongst his supporters. welcome to just joining us you're watching al-jazeera i'm peter dhabi your top stories turkey's state media has been releasing video of the saudi journalist jamal

khashoggi entering the saudi consulate in istanbul he hasn't been seen since they've also broadcast footage of the man believed to be involved in his disappearance and a turkish newspaper has named fifteen men allegedly involved in the disappearance of mr kushner according to turkish state owned sabar news one of the individuals as a top forensic expert with the saudi government information was trying to open source internet tools by several online researchers the u.s. vice president mike pence says washington is ready to health in finding out what has happened to the missing journalist in an interview with a u.s. radio station which depends said the free world is demanding answers some other stories for you this hour police in germany have arrested a man in connection with the murder of a bulgarian journalist thirty year old a tory a marine over was raped and killed in the northern bulger in turn of rosie she'd be investigating alleged fraud with e.u. funds involving businessmen and politicians a body was found in

a park it showed signs of suffocation and blows to the head. the leader of bangladesh's main opposition party has been sentenced to life in prison for his role in a two thousand and four grenade attack against the current prime minister tariq rahman is the son of the former opposition leader zia who's already in jail rahman was tried in absentia after he went into self-imposed exile back in two thousand and eight parts of florida are already seeing flooding as hurricane michael begins to lash the coast it's gained strength and is now a category four storm with sustained winds over two hundred thirty kilometers an hour is said to be the worst storm to florida's northwestern coast in over a decade and the strongest in terms of wind speed to make landfall in the u.s. this year officials are predicting a potentially dangerous storm surge of up to four meters that's around the height of a one story building hundreds of thousands of people three hundred eighty thousand have been ordered to leave at least eight people have died after flash flooding hit

the spanish island of new york or the clean up operation is now under way as floodwaters uprooted trees and buried cars in mud the military has been deployed to the area to help. up next it's the stream i'm here from hopefully. getting to the heart of the matter the three big challenges facing human point in the twenty first century nuclear war climate change and technological disruption facing realities whatever is there to fear is not in me it is in the people of uganda hear their story on and talk to al-jazeera. i am for me ok family could be here in the stream today the search for the dark site where our scientists what dark matter of research could explain about our universe this topic has definitely piqued the curiosity of our online communities so keep your dark matter questions coming to them to us live on you tube or via

twitter. uncovering the world of dot particles could be the key to understanding the nature of matter gravity and what is holding the universe together but after decades of research scientists have yet to find direct evidence of what some call the dark sector where our no matter exhibits a gravitational force but cannot otherwise be detected it is one of the biggest mysteries in physics and the invisible the dark sector is believed to make up about ninety six percent of the universe and the billions of galaxies within it so today will seek to scientists on why dark matter matters with us on sight as alexander i'm on an astrophysicist observational cosmologist and a fellow at stanford university her current research focuses on mapping dark matter in space and rhode island so far and alexander is a brown university professor theoretical physicist cosmologist musician and author

of the book of physics the secret link between music and the structure of the universe katie mark is a theoretical astrophysicists her were. focuses on studying the early universe through physics and astronomical observations she's an assistant professor at north carolina state university from where she joins us and in rome. a particle physicist at a university on the national institute of nuclear physics rome he is part of a dark matter experiment that is looking for a fifth universal force dubbed the dark force welcome to the stream everyone and those scientists so good to have you here so i am going to start with jana levine she's a professor of physics and astronomy. college and she was given this challenge to talk about dark matter as if you were having coffee with a friend and this is what she came up with dark matter is really a name we give as a proxy to indicate stuff that we don't know what it is it's just to say there's

something out there we can't see it but we can tell it's out there because of the effect it has on space and time around it so it's gravitational you affecting the universe but it's not visible to us some people think it should be called invisible matter because light passes right through it it's literally invisible stuff on you describe what you do as mostly what i do is wrong. so your settings i mean you don't know what it is and you're trying to work that out what is that like. it's low. on the planet with no solid enough to compose music. almost impossible because you have to ask yourself what is music. and what. oh my goodness so even the fairy wood or the phrase dark matter that just means we

don't know what it is yeah yeah well we have a good record over the course of the multiple. multiple ways of moldova. so we do know it exists we just don't know much about its identity hi katie. yeah so yeah i think invisible matter is a great way to put it we have a lot of ways of seeing that there house to be some extra matter there because we see the effects of gravity in a lot of different places on small scales galaxies and large skills for the whole universe but we just don't know what it's made of so it's some kind of invisible stuff it has lots of different effects it changes the whole large scale structure of the universe how galaxies and clusters of galaxies come together but we can't see it directly we can only see that there's there's something weird going on in the things that we can see they're moving in strange ways it's even bending the

shape of space itself but we just need to figure out what it is like what if it's a new particle what that particle is what it's actually made of fundamentally we're in the pursuit of trying to figure out what it is i'm going to add two more voices to this conversation so the first is from jay who actually when she this person heard that we were doing a science topic tweeted us this gif finally i'm here for this i'm here really excited about this topic and here is why because they actually know a lot about what they're talking about jay's says it is a hypothetical form of matter that is thought to account for most of the matter in the universe it's made up of elements that don't emit light or energy hence the name dark matter here's one more thought on that from someone who isn't in the sciences when mackey she says i studied humanities and social sciences so i don't know what dark matter actually aids but i like what it represents an invisible force that effects every nano second of our lives while we go about why only

unaware it's existence so i would say and i'm going to go to you with these two definitions there but what i like about hans is that she seems to be saying it affects all of us and we just don't know or care enough yet that matter really played this crucial rule in the story of our universe as it makes up most of. and most of the matter in the universe and it means that a less consequential thing is that it means that every picture that we see of the galaxy is a little bit distorted as katie said the presence of that that massive the skull it's the light that we see. the model as a field of a physics it's when you are planning what you do next how do you do it knowing that we know so little so what we do is to choose and i thought this is so when you have an experiment the least you can replace it with many eyeballs is because they have to build an object which takes time and cost money so you have to choose so you

choose your chance you give to some theory and you say ok i'll try with this then you studied it the year you understand what the phenomenon you can expect from this candidate not met there and then you try building an experiment to detect it and to bring you maybe seeing some light to our guys to work on that's what we try to do stuff when i see nothing that yes that's exactly the point which is that because we don't know what dark matter is we have to it's like you know the other goes on to your house you don't really know what the ghost is but you might project some sort of personality onto the goals and go looking for a personality likewise that we we're familiar with particles in the rest of nature so one of the things that i wanted to in our experiments for is to look for a dog particle however there are certain anomalies certain mismatches that may

suggest that the dog mother may not actually be a particle and may actually office and even. reverse at the very foundations of physics itself. it's a bit of a different perspective if you're an observational cosmologist because you don't have to set up your experiment here experiment is the universe and it's set up waiting for you to make observations and so i think katie and i as observational as moses will look at that a bit differently you can take images of millions of galaxies and use that to try and understand that massive from a different a totally different perspective. i'll go to you with this because when we talk about making those observations i want to bring in this comment from emma who says dark matter is the name given to all of the missing matter in the universe it's dark because we can't see it it doesn't interact with light so if we can't see it how then do we know it exists so how do you go about making observations for something that you can't quite grasp. you know so the the work that i do is kind of

actually halfway between the observations and series so i think about what the theories are and i think about what the observations can do and i try to find ways to bring those together so the way you do it is you think about if this particle did exist if there is a kind of massive thing out there what would it do to the matter around it what would it do to the stars the galaxies to space itself and then you look for signatures of that you look in the sky and see you know is that space distorted and you could figure out the space is distorted because the light would be sort of bending weird you'd see multiple images of galaxies where you should expect only one you would look galaxies and see that the rotations of the galaxies are not what you would expect if all of the matter is just what you can see and so we see that galaxies are rotating too fast which suggests there's some extra stuff holding them together some extra gravity those lots of things like that where in lots of different areas we see things that really point to something that we can't see has gravity that's holding things together that's making things move around strangely

that's changing the shape of space that we can see as the light is passing through that space and all of it when we bring it together tells a pretty consistent picture there are a couple of places on the edges where we don't know exactly what's going on but for the most part when we look at all these different observations we say you know if we just add one more thing in our universe that has some gravity but we can't see it everything kind of falls into place and that's what they're doing and research into all of the time on am coming straight hundred just just how tight for a moment this is a headline from the guardian in the particle physics section scientists mysterious dark force to explain it in the realm of the cosmos such as a recent headline and let me just go to a pool that me far from al-jazeera just filed just recently and neve went to italy's national institute of nuclear physics he met you maro that this is what he was looking at and this is where repeat good deeds with a particle accelerator. and the theory we just select forces them out of the box

office of course i think of a beam of positively charged subatomic particles called positrons is fired at a target a diamond away for a tenth of a millimeter thick and this is the divine one month when the positive particles smash into the negative electrons of the diamond wafer they produce photons light but every now and again the collision between positrons of electrons could produce a dark potong the invisible twin of ordinary light dark matter. in between this huge he didn't want to do. more than normal or is it fair to call this the bridge between the scene and we see if the me yes that for them it's all right here what place is so much more fascinating than my head i'm fascinated by that so in a nutshell can you explain what it is that you are doing it is not your headlines right now it's very new work we are doing is i was saying which was only part of it

but this is that there is a particle called dark for them which is linking the dark sector or so dark matter . and if. we interact with ordinary matter for example electrons and positrons so we're using. and by matter namely. that we all bought it and was measured on earth. to find electron so in my thirty's. so if i want to posit raw meat and electron they really a male it will be destroyed generating energy i'll give the senate we could generate. a norm for them so abusable for one and a dark one. so this is what you're trying to do generating dollars for them using particle models aren't you. have you done it yet we always thought

yeah we would not be able to see immediately the effect because these interactions . they're. all there why is the document that would be not that we will be got to call them computers. if i can jump in. an interesting thing about this experiment is looking for dark matter because also making use of anti-matter which is a totally different thing and the matter is a kind of it's sort of a kind of regular matter it's we've detected lots of em to matter particles particle particle nature like the electron will have an anti-matter partner like which in this case is a positron and it's sort of like a mirror image of the if these two particles come together they can annihilate and create a bunch of energy and so this is something that's useful in these kinds of experiments so you shoot a whole bunch of positrons at your target and then you get these annihilations and that helps with the signal so it's it's a cool experiment cause you get to use both of these sort of mysterious things to matter which is not really mysterious to physicists but it sounds cool as everybody

else and then looking for a dark matter which is this mysterious thing to everybody that. there's little hidden thing we don't understand i'm glad you brought up the mirror image both katie and moto there and the idea that this is mysterious to some people because i want to bring in this comic we've got live on you tube i cadelago says i feel like i'm going to the first day of lecture i know a bit of knowledge but not enough to comment in class so they are watching silently but i want to help lucid a what we are talking about by sharing a video comment from someone who talks about that mirror image you both were talking about this is pretty and she's an astrophysicist at yale university and this is what she told the stream about the pod me experiment. given the difficulty in detecting this dark matter particle there have been some new theoretical ideas. one of wage suggests that much like our universe very see all these particles there might be a mirror universe a dark sector so that would mean that for every real particle that we see there

would be a counterpart in that dark sector so that had me experiment is trying to look for such a signal. so since i was in there my ears perked up at the idea that there might be a mirror universe to think up other. develop some early work on the universe basically models of particle physics that necessarily mirror particles i wrote some early papers on the some of my colleagues as well which is different than the idea of super symmetry which is another form of having a mirror mirror a particle is a fourth of them or a particle beam not a particle. but actually when i'm just over ten i do exactly what you said right i'm just going to know it all and i read what you think wow funny no so much but i want to add another perspective which is that they're all when i say anomalies of

folks who have thought about this all other experiment that shows us for example there is a universal one of the thought when a galaxy rotates its its accel rate the velocity is change in that direction so six all or even one universal things we see which galaxies are spiral galaxies as they are all excel are a this is an observation other probably particular rate right again it's something that the doc about a particle model cannot explain there's another thing where we see the visible not a trace of. the. doc matter that not one of the particle yet so this is so that our tracing the dark matter is the perspective that i can bring where if we look at really distant galaxies and their shapes are a bit distorted compared to what they are in reality and that's because because massive structures along the way the still light from those faraway galaxies as it travels all the waiters on a telescope so the light path actually gets bent and that means that all pictures

that we take of galaxies are a little bit distorted because of this masses so that math is influencing the visible light that we can see and that's an effect code to be gravitational lensing which it doesn't. give us a dark matter particle but it can tell us where the dark matter is how much that matter there is. so when i'm thinking about the sort of mirror image of the universe could there be another stream show that's going on that is incredibly small to the next one or happening in another universe is not possible is that what we're talking about was it something completely different i think that's more of a question for the fear if is an observation i mean if you think i have no i don't tell you now i know. katie well we do we do have some some ways of putting constraints on those kinds of ideas so so it's you know it's possible that there's a whole sector a whole bunch of different particles they're all invisible to us that interact with each other but if they interacted in exactly the same way that regular matter particles do then they would form disks like galaxies that we see they would they

would flatten out in certain certain ways that we don't see that so we know from the way we can map the way that space is bending the dark matter collects in kind of more of a lobby structure than regular matter it doesn't form these kind of flattened out disks like galaxies and so there's certain ways that we can say that if there is a whole other sector and if there are these interactions they are kind of not as strong or not quite in the same the same sort of way that things interact in in are sort of because of all we're. seeing and i see that k. to me the scaffolding idea because that's really what dark matter is talk of the moment if it makes the scaffolding of our universe and then it's like you put christmas lights around it and that forget it for you that we can feet and i'm glad you're with the question everybody is we've got this matter i'll go to you and we got this question someone on the same wavelength as funny as if we could have dark matter all around us and we can't properly quantify it does it mean it's possible for there to be an alternate reality or

a parallel universe without ever being aware it's there at all so i think we've got an answer to that but moto here as we move on i want you to talk about this because you sit here says this is nonsense which upon investigation yields little for the well being of humanity come on stream stick to culture and geo political social affairs and leave the hard quote unquote scientists to others modo this is your life's work why does it matter. it does matter because if you think through it we just know very few of what the universe is made of because we had just less than twenty percent of the matter which is around the universe so this does mean that we think you know a lot but really we know nothing about what the universe is made of and this is worth the challenge that we have to to pursue because we cannot stay there not knowing why all the galaxy are the formal observer we cannot know stay there without knowing why our galaxy as the form that we observe and we if we don't

understand what dark matter is we will never understand what we observe in the universe which is way. very very important for humanity i think and there's around us is you know it seems to be done so for years and as katie said there are a motor full observations that tell us that there is this missing mass that is dark matter it isn't you know something speculative this is this is something that is making up most of the matter in our universe it's not that i want to i want to quote the great nobel laureate up there so long as it is a very important question and that quotation you want to know what was actually for for the week and to write for the standard model i mean this scientific inquiry is a common heritage of humanity i mean it's all based universal it's not universal to human culture that we have this intrinsic curiosity that this scientific enterprise you know continue to discover these mysteries is something of that actually brings

us together across the world actually sort of it is a very valuable question that the address also of that level stuff and i'm so glad he mentioned the nobel prize because if we were missive us if we didn't talk about very moving dark matter and they're rooting like. i don't know toast and butter fish and chips right here how do we do that we can't have one without the other have a look here on popular science in memory of a movie than the one who the nobel prize forgot how what was really impressive and so important katie can tell us a little bit more about her yes so what she did is she was looking at how galaxies spiral galaxies rotate so in a spiral galaxy like our own the stars go around the center of the galaxy and they they sort of circled the center of the galaxy over millions of years and so she was looking at that rotation and found the stars were going so fast around these galaxies that they should have just flown out of just the galaxy sort of ridges

over part but they were held in by something extra some extra gravity was holding these stars into those galaxies and that we're showing that all of these galaxies were to. the rotation for the most distant stars and the nearby stars were kind of the same magnitude that showed the really needed to be this extra stuff and there were other people who looked at similar things and found other evidence for this missing matter but her work was really like the beginning of when the will astrophysical community said ok we really need to figure this out this is really there it's definitely out there and it was this incredibly strong evidence that that dark matter was a major component of the universe and a lot of people feel that she should her work should have been recognized in the nobel prize because it did really change our outlook on the universe agree with me on it. except what do we do in the experimental phase so it's not needed if you

have a theory. to do something you just observed she was not there being anyone asking her for that matter she was just observing the universe an experimentalist and say look. there is something wrong let's try to understand what it is so it's it's like what we do you try to have evidences of something that it's not what you expect and on these then you can build some theory down or you can move really a step forward so let's start with the guy saying that this is not the was for we have to say that we moved from. made me do evil age to our own age groups we tried to be. a good judge of understanding of things when we stop it we would not progress any more and not very found is not just true for other galaxies but even in our own galaxies so you'd expect that the star is closer to the edge of the galaxy would be moving slower kind of like how putin moves slower than because it's further away from the sun but that's not what she found and so even in our own galaxy i mean more than three quarters of the matter is dark matter so to think

that it doesn't doesn't matter i mean it's like being in school when your teacher telling you that you can understand seventy five percent of a test that be pretty concerned unless i actually met reuben turn your about ten years ago. in a pal discussion with brian greene and i was really i mean she told me something blew me away with that when she discovered made the discovery not many people will to like invite her to give a talk about it it was brought more college i'll call the philadelphia whatever not a couple of the second still a lot of finished stories that he seconds and you take away from that was. well i take away from that was obvious. how old you are the kind of resistance though she got when she was gone and now she's famous forever thank you very much scientists ma and katie and stefan and alex really appreciate you coming and bringing science to the stream really has this conversation been going very who got audience learned a lot but i'll end with this week on the this is you know who says very reuben

seminal work was incredibly important she was a pioneer in dark matter research and her work forms the basis on which a huge community of researchers builds today dark matter matters thank you everybody so good to have you on the street and see you next time. to the at my . since its inception in one thousand nine hundred sixty one the kuwait fund has been supporting people's livelihoods in over one hundred countries by funding projects in an array of sectors. ranging from infrastructure to health and education. these initiatives ultimately help to eradicate poverty. and promote

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