we've had many proud moments around the world and in the sky now starting from october twenty ninth turkish airlines will be taking off from the new aviation center of the world for a new jersey. ironically in london with the top stories here on al-jazeera the turkish presidency says that reza typo to one and us president donald trump have agreed in a phone call that no aspect of jamal mudda should be left uncovered the texas newspaper who yet says a techie has an audi a recording of a saudi team discussing how to murder the journalist before he entered the consulate in istanbul and that suggests the killing was premeditated meanwhile

muslims around the world have been remembering jamal khashoggi at friday press under simmons has this report forty five days. they come to pray. with a grief that puppy it's a gray rainy day. abound all the more poignant because of the empty space of the most solid stone here where a coffin should rest one of the show jews friends set the tone of the day after this prayer we are going to look for justice not anger. deep the grief but we are looking. justice for. another friend expressed similar sentiment. this was a barbaric act committed in the twenty first century this wasn't just

a murderer. expressions of anguish of regret and the quest for justice amongst it all more revelations from a turkish media about the last moments of jamal khashoggi his life events that dispute the saudi account of what happened. turkey's harriot newspaper says a so far on heard of odia recording disproves the saudi assertion that jews murder was not planned the newspaper says the team can be heard discussing how to kill him the audio apparently contradicts the latest version of events from the saudis who are only twenty four hours ago said he died after being injected with a large dose of seventy of following a brawl and turkish investigators say it's already been established from the original recording the cause shoji was strangled to death a not drugged a ruling party official who knew well says the saudi investigation can't be

credible to the source that mikey it's an investigation that is headed by the crown prince and that investigation says he isn't related to what happened in a church organization of this investigation is problematic you can expect an independent fair judgment from that court among those here were many who didn't know because shoji who was murdered in that tragic way unfortunately so that's why i'm here today it's really symbolic for me to see this prayer. that ms mentioned it is impossible not to react as a muslim and the human being we are here to do our duty for jamal khashoggi. loved ones who maintain privacy on this day maybe some level of comfort spiritually but closure seems a long distance away and drew simmons al-jazeera is stumble. the u.s. president says he has completed written nonces to questions posed by special

counsel robert miller's investigation into russia's role in the two thousand and sixteen u.s. election donald trump told reporters he answered the questions easily when there is investigating whether the members of trump's two thousand and sixteen presidential campaign team could looted with russia yemen two three rebels say the saudi and iraqi coalition is continuing to bomb data despite announcing that it had ordered a pause in the fighting the official said at least six civilians have been killed in a strikes rebels say they've also launched an offensive against pro-government fight is in the outskirts of the port city. palestinians have gathered near the fence marking the border with israel for that thirty fourth weekly rally against siege gaza's health minister says at least forty palestinians have been injured by israeli fire despite efforts to calm the tensions. all right up to date the headlines there with its world war one through arab eyes coming up.

world war one. four years of bitter conflict. known as the great war. all the war to end all. its grim trains warfare. with europe the main

feature of all. but this was a war fought on many fronts. so there's another story rarely told. of huge importance during the war. kind of lost in significance. a story of troops to falter and die but who are often forgotten. tom driven outcome that shaped the middle east of today. this is gold more one through our local high.

money to rekey the chin is ian writer and broadcaster is taking us on a personal journey across a dozen countries. his grandfather's generation fault in the war. so far he's looked at the contributions made by arab north african troops conscripted by the british and french colonial powers in north africa. and how and why the ottoman empire joins germany in the war. pitting its arab troops against their muslim brothers fighting for the allies.

and as alterman fortunes declined how the europeans russians and arrows look to fill the power vacuum. the. clock is for michael jordan mario on a donor with money out of a good many of libya a little out of the top at this hour my guitar was. in this episode he sees how the shape of a new middle east was decided in secret by british and french diplomats if you look at a map at the beginning of the war you have an ottoman empire that ruled over us tiny sliver of europe all of the anatolian peninsula southwestern asia parts of north africa parts of the arabian peninsula at the end of the war that's got. how britain made separate promises to three different interest groups that were all incompatible with each other according to. hussein mcmahon correspondence palestine

belong to an arab state according to the sex because green meant palestine was going to be internationalized according to the balfour declaration was going to go to the jews so how do you square that circle. and how this colonial self-interest blew away the nationalist hopes of millions of arabs for post-war independence. this is the whitehall the center of power from way out of the british imperial establishment decided to destroy their own of the allies the other man empire and create a new order in the arab east's. the arabs are still living with the consequences to this very day. almost as soon as the ultimate

empire joined the war in november one thousand nine hundred fourteen the european allies began staking their claims. in march nine hundred fifteen russia announced it wanted istanbul and the straits linking the black sea to the mediterranean. france accepted russia's claim and set out its own plans. they wanted the southeast turkish coast and greater syria. then in june one thousand nine hundred fifteen britain announced it wanted the whole western coast of the arabian gulf plus all of mesopotamia. britain also wanted to control a strip of land from there to haifa in which to build a railway it would give them an alternative route to india and one day might carry gulf oil. the british already had serious interest the ottoman empire they'd already up like egypt. they had already moved to the gulf states they already had

interests in southern mesopotamia they already had oriel interests in the gulf so the war suddenly brought all of this then right to the forefront. so in order to achieve this between nine hundred fifteen and nine hundred seventeen britain entered into three separate agreements which all conflicted with one another. one with the same bin ali the sheriff of mecca to give him an arab state in return for leading a revolt against the ultimates. another with the zionist movement to create a jewish national home in palestine. and a secret pact with its own told ally france to divide the levant and mesopotamia between them don't. they don't want to follow this as you said. well as on.

the people don't imply one would. have security by any sponsor a security level does that. even if we then went a little. while the british were still negotiating with sorry for cenovus potential revolt in one thousand nine hundred fifteen they and france appointed delegates to draw up this secret deal for dividing up ottoman territory. the french were represented by shell francois pico the former consul general in beirut. and the british by the government's middle east advisor so mark sykes. sykes was from a wealthy english family whose country home was here that's led me a house in yorkshire he had a privileged upbringing and was taken on a trip to egypt when he was eleven. his knowledge of the middle east had been picked up by writing religion and travel

books. those sites like the prime minister to think he was an expert in fact he spoke neither turkish nor arabic. speaker was a french lawyer turned diplomat who'd spent several years in beirut and was a staunch supporter of french interests abroad. though they paid lip service to independence for the arab provinces of the ottoman empire the ambitions of their respective countries where their real priorities is never the case the people assume the people i saw mark sites and other british and the french policy makers were being disingenuous in their support for the idea of national freedom in the middle east that at base it was just frankly

a lie that they were sincere in their support for this idea of a new era of national freight and because how could they be when they had their own very clear british french imperial objectives in the middle east. at this stage this was a paper exercise dependent on the course of the war. during the buttons moon of the century doubly mons. and also to the treasury the monkey that when it was she'd make it about. poker but there it was the open to it well i'd need a call could be liz i may don't. look at them the suez and joy sayed the one thing expedition point. is eight and the ship the ridge of the potentially. lee's army it is a familiar name. by the two dollar dollar deal it was

a hub lease or shows you'll get it on tape but i sit on the mantel. saying this one is a core this is the i mean there are some cans on the hook the sheriff will say though that i make him a little present. on the ship to. see if the rock. in the well job in the palmetto and always. a world away from the arab provinces of the heart to. british government in london so mark sykes prepared for his negotiations with george pico he told british prime minister howard asked with i should like to draw a line from the easy in exile to the last k. in cold coke. and face to face with george pico that's precisely what he did. he called it practical politics. the psychs

pekoe agreement was concluded in a tobar nine hundred sixteen russia supported it on condition that its own claims to autumn and territory were accepted by britain and france. sikes pico drew the map of the middle east in red and blue. the red zone mt the province of baghdad in which the british would have the right to establish such direct or in directed ministration or controlled as they desire. the blue zone covered silesia and the syrian coast where france would have the same rights britain also claimed informal control over an area of northern a rabia from kirkuk to gaza. the french claimed the same informal control over a triangle from mosul to aleppo and damascus. this deal was what the

palestinian writer george antonius later called a startling piece of double dealing. in june one nine hundred sixty sorry for saying the start of the arab revolt against the ultimate fulfilling his part of his deal with the british. only four months later sykes pekoe was signed contradicting the british pledge to the arab people. what we have to realize though is that what we see as jew play city was actually explained by their ideas of the people of the region the time and it roots of this was their racial outlook at the british policy making the elite at the time of the first while they assumed that these people couldn't possibly believe for a moment that when the british and french talked to national freedom that it actually meant political independence that would have been a completely crazy idea to their minds because of their racial conviction. that the

arab world was backward and to a lesser degree the jewish world to. the psychs pico deal remained of british french and russian secret for a year. but after the russian revolution in november one thousand nine hundred seventeen the bolsheviks took russia out of the war the new leaders lenin and trotsky soon discovered that the dishonest government had supported the psychs pekoe agreement. the communist daily newspaper prophet or broke the story of the three european allies deception to the world. following the revolutionary government's decision to extract russia from the war

but of the published what might be its only great explosive in november one nine hundred seventeen and over the actions of both lenin and trotsky it revealed that the details of the secret psychs because when and thus the soviets uncovered europe's imperial plans to divide the middle east between britain and france. the cats was out of the bag but difficult to believe it had little immediate impact on the course of the war or on the arab world. all that really mattered now was military conquest boots on the ground politicians could make whatever deals they liked but occupation was nine tenths of the law from the red sea to turkey. the entire region from. two to the tourist mountains was occupied they were occupied because they were crucially important to british were. more amps because

of suez because of egypt because of iraq to india because of the oil fields and and that iran and mesopotamia because of the attritional states around the gulf all these were crucial british war aims from the very beginning. but now what to do with all this okey pide land the answer new states whether or not they respected ethnic religious or tribal borders. not only did so mark sykes draw lines on the maps his artistic skills were put to further use. it is the ultimate. mark cites a man so many verses he detested in the east should be responsible for the design of the flags the symbol of national sovereignty of so many arab countries jordan

iraq syria sudan kuwait yemen the emirates even the p.l.o. the palestine liberation organization. sykes deal with pekoe was never formally enacted on the ground but it did bear a close resemblance to the way the british prime minister and french president carved things up at the end of the war. the partition was a fact of occupation and then the british and the french negotiated and clemenceau and lloyd george themselves negotiated probably in a taxi between victoria station and and ten downing street when clemenceau arriving in london and in december of one nine hundred eighteen so it was completely casual and resisted and opposed by virtually everyone in the region. so mark sykes died soon after the war aged thirteen. nine he caused

a long shadow across the arab world especially palestine. on the sykes picos map it was colored brown an area under international administration yet to be decided. of britain's three wartime promises the one made by foreign minister author balfour proved the most enduring and controversial. kind of ma that cycle a one was. going to be a lot of in with up to four when she asked what if any of her sight by the left her mom or her while it's a lot. about the vote. there were many reasons for

baal for his promise after centuries of and he semitism in russia and europe jews had started to settle in palestine. the jewish nationalist movement zionism was gaining momentum its leader was a russian born chemistry professor in manchester vitamin. the vitamin process for producing acetone fed britain's wartime munitions production and his notoriety enabled him to lobby the british government to support a jewish national home in palestine. in june one nine hundred seventeen vitamin and the jewish banker and politician walter rothschild met arthur balfour in london to request a formal declaration of support for zionism five months later came his reply.

on the second of november balfour votes to rothschild to say that the government viewed with favor the establishment in palestine of a national home for the jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this project. this is the famous battle for decoration the letter of the foreign secretary up of bad percent in november mighty seventeen to laud the rothschilds as at the first of what is the bad for decoration meant that one nation promises to the second nation the country of a third. what is extraordinary is that this letter was not that the bible for all his stuff instead it was drafted for him by high in vitamin the future president of israel. i think if we're trying to understand the british imperial establishment relationship and sign it in from the time of the first book or that

it's actually a key that we recognize the significance of the bible in british culture so that they narratives of zionism. as the ancient jewish nation and the landscape with the by returning to its former glory days was an idea that was not overly familiar to many people in britain by the time of the first row but romantic as well. there were also wider strategic reasons for supporting zionism. jewish influence was strong in the government to britain's new war ally the united states under president woodrow wilson. two of woodrow wilson's top advisors felix frankfurter on the one hand and louis brandeis on the other hand were ardent zionists now the british were very suspicious of woodrow wilson although the united states had already entered the war and the british were also very suspicious of the

huge amount of german and german immigrants in the end states and irish immigrants in the united states that were opposed to britain and the british empire so what they wanted to do was somehow get the united states to make sure the united states stayed on board in the first world world war and what that of course entailed was making sure that woodrow wilson's top advisers kept on pushing him giving him a goal a giving them a goal to fight for to the bitter end. and the other power the british wanted to keep happy was russian. the idea that the british thought most and many of the bolsheviks had jewish backgrounds be on trustees real name was prophesied after all and what the british thought once you scratch these people underneath it really jewish so therefore what we've got to do is we've got to give them something that will a piece of them to make sure that they would stay in the war and fight to the

bitter end as well didn't quite work out that way. and just as mark sykes had called his approach to negotiating with the french as practical politics there was good good old. pragmatism. the idea of having a jewish colony somewhere to the north of the suez canal the british were in egypt at the suez canal and in the north you would have a jewish colony that would be very dependent on the british and of course the main british strategic goal was to protect the route to india. lloyd george and the people around ten sat down and thought to themselves it's a cost us if it doesn't cost us anything it might have some benefit why don't we just do it little did they know how much it was going to cost them. still to come the arab aid for independence from ultimate rule shareef sainz revolt general but often. what i will want to show you firsthand fuckup and yet as i hear

it come. the idea of the mandate the league of nations time for continued foreign rule with. the then it is the. it's that luna will go with him a set of. the lid to bed with something that these are the love of the i mean the most open. and the long time impact on the arab world of british and french double dealing who can and will someone who can earn enough dug up through love of whom i look at places. on counting the cost the breaks it endgame there's a complicated draft deal on the table we'll break it down and tell you what it means for people living in the u.k. and the e.u.

plus why saudi arabia wants to slam the brakes on oil production. counting the cost on al-jazeera. resort is one of nigeria's top tourist destinations but in the shadow of the mountain some nigerians continue an ancient tradition with child protection workers say condemns young girls to a life of slavery and sexual exploitation five year old miracle was buried for money just a few weeks ago joan leaves with some missionaries who say she's proved many marriages happen i couldn't reach it is a missionary who rescues girls their money goes to buy outrightly. one big truck to gil before she is born they want if it takes fourteen years you get mondays the brothers can still go to get their money away a rite of passage through the generations my cousin was laying down there until a screaming helpless the woman who after endorses go through facal of pain for

one that menai meets the women affected by s.g.m. and those reshaping perception do you think people will abandon this. al-jazeera correspondent because. eleven o'clock in london with the top stories here on al-jazeera and the turkish president says recep tayyip erdogan and u.s. president donald trump have agreed in a phone call that no aspect of jamal khashoggi is murdered should be left uncovered a turkish newspaper hoodie or. says turkey has an audio recording of a saudi team discussing how to murder the germans before he entered the consulate in istanbul that suggests the murder was premeditated directly contradicting the saudi prosecutor who said just twenty four hours ago that the journalist died when

an attempt to take him to saudi arabia went to rome to anybody has more this goes completely against what the saudis have been maintaining they were saying that before that there was some kind of degree of persuasion to get mystic a soldier to go back to saudi arabia a fight then ensued and he was killed by a decision made on the spot so they were saying this is not premeditated what this tape does is suggest that it was premeditated because there was planning the u.s. president says he has completed a written nonces to questions posed by a special counsel investigation into russia's role in the two thousand and sixteen u.s. election donald trump told reporters he of the questions easily is investigating whether members of trauma's two thousand and sixteen presidential campaign team colluded with russia yemen's rebels say the saudi amorality coalition is continuing to bomb her data despite in announcing that it had ordered

a pause in the fighting but the official says at least six civilians have been killed in a strikes rebels say they've also launched an offensive against pro-government fighters in the outskirts of the port city most of yemen's food and medicine passes through the data palestinians have gathered near the fence marking the border with israel for the thirty fourth weekly rally against the siege gaza's health minister says at least forty palestinians have been injured by israeli fire despite efforts to calm tension organizers in gaza urged restraint after a cease fire was agreed between palestinian factions and israel on tuesday. police have called. and. try to separate support. from those. of. us. through our guys continue.

money to rekey the two newseum writer and broadcaster is telling the story of the first world war from an arab perspective. in one thousand nine hundred fifteen and sixteen the war in europe was bloody silis and on granting. the british and french were ball down in the trenches against a stubborn jam and. but it was a different kind of war in the middle east. britain strategy was to capitalize on growing out of nationalist feeling against for centuries of ultimate rule. carolina

and the hold up with that minute the key it became at the age the mad hour and jim yet said we have i don't have a mash. home and i am now a miniature ian i mean going to ship at least on the walk i don't and you have thought about what the number one issue any of her saying and yet as to how the heat if that were. in one thousand nine hundred fifteen the british high commissioner in cairo so henry mcmahon began negotiating an alliance with a same ben-ali the shot of mecca an exchange of letters took place between mcmahon and hussein about the possibility of joining some sort of revolt against the ottomans the result of that was that the british promised should be for sane and his sons gold and guns and an arab state or states to be founded after the war was over and in return for that they would declare war on the

ottomans. the same was also the choice of arab secret resistance groups. that i threw in the water and the teeth that go in the political all of our face off as i behave what that you have. and. the well of the he way what he for a while battle how they're no walk at all and you have dealt with our war on your own but they'll be out there on a bit. but it was far from simple. all of this maneuvering was going on at the same time as the british and french representatives mark sykes and francois pico were carving up the middle east between the. sheriff was saying dreamt of a great arab state to include the levant from the egyptian border up to the taurus mountains in turkey. plus all of mesopotamia to the border in the north and the

whole of the arabian peninsula except for the british colony of aden. kind of. how do you see. and conquer them most i know how can i say leave you as you've been out of. your me a quandary your door the. iraqis in one. must learn to taksim. now i can beat up on you know i did that and now so fucked up for him he made much i did ok for that would i have had the advantage that any i could go to any kind of a kid my body i know who laughs about how to do another record or not muscle how to do a minute about. britain weighed up the benefits and agreed to sorry for seems to months . for his part hussein and called for an arab uprising against the ultimate on the fifth of june nine hundred sixteen. the hashemite forces

under the command of hussein son feisal mobilized. from their bases they attacked the ottoman supply line to his us railway. they found the arab tribesmen of trans-jordan a tough nut to crack. the line here today at alcatraz is near the jordanian town of maan a tribal stronghold that the hashemites were never able to capture. before the war that his job as railway had been a way for arabs here to travel from alcatraz to new destinations one hundred years on the trains don't stop here anymore. were. when feisal hashemites moved north in one thousand nine hundred

eighteen and formed a pincer movement with general allen based british divisions in palestine they were able to take damascus on the second of october. the big battles were occurring in europe this was the right flank of an army that was invading north from egypt up the coast of the mediterranean eventually to end up in aleppo. after taking great to see. area faisal felt he did chief his objective and fully expected the british to deliver on their promises. ottoman rule of the levant was at an end and in a month a war would be over. the armistice was signed on the eleventh of november nineteen eighty. the arabs who fought for the victorious allies thought it was payback time they expected sovereignty and independence.

that was how it was understood in the arab world the real problem for the region is that although the british government unleashed this idea to the genie after the bottle of the idea of national freedom the pritish understanding and certainly the french understanding of what national freedom would mean for the region is very very different from how it was conceived across the region itself. first to react was egypt. its people had paid a high price for supporting the british. of the one point two million men deployed in different roles in world war one battle fields five hundred thousand perished. a few months after the war ended the egyptian politician and statesman sod's are cool asked the british high commissioner if he could lead a delegation to the paris peace conference he wanted to negotiate the gyptian

independence the rule and his supporters try to put pressure on the king to taint the relationship with the bridge the king has a respect within the ordinary egyptians but at that stage that respect has disappeared why because of the. lost of egyptians in the war with the economy come if occasion on the people of the life all of this actually created a wider gap between. the king and the egyptian people which faceted the efforts of sides of the road to why do they got more and more with that with a king and with a bitch because they wanted to make sure that bitch has no place in egypt after what happened in the first world war. the british arrested some glue and his companions in march one thousand nine hundred nineteen and exiled them to malta. egypt exploded into revolution. faced with my civil disobedience the british released sugru and allowed him to travel to paris. but when he arrived

he was devastated to learn that the british protectorate over egypt had already been recognised. because the allies sit down in paris afterwards and it should be pretty easy to hammer out some sort of peace so impressed virtually impossible there's just too many contradictory agreements which is why they had a stark again from scratch. and one of the agreements was with the hashemites prince feisal also travel to the site in the hope of achieving his family's goal of a greater arab state. but a united arabia was the last thing the allies wanted. and the arabs would now learn a new term mandate. as the effect that i have at least an idea. that tell you i mean did that either or and do what i'm going to be. when i'm at the end when i'm here and know who will be how do you show what that

leave me. enough to have been if you have. got to be cut out of. that that you know why you nominate german. but they had to do it. into their head. and where you've been. here how you and i had a little below there out of you what. why aren't you going to be. up one more. visors disappointment invest side didn't stop him from seizing his opportunity. in damascus in march one nine hundred twenty he declared the syrian arab kingdom as an independent state with himself as king. and will of love many how to look now and then like well not so long. there was a rally with. herman and myself again with from anonymously me looking.

for and. how to ask every. english when i look at them i said all. vices declaration of an independent state was the deal he had with the british. but the french with sykes pekoe heavily in mind had very different ideas. on the twenty fourth of july one thousand nine hundred twenty a small force of arab volunteers gathered at may saloon to try to stop the french army reaching damascus. but the french troops routed the arab nationalists and swept on to the syrian capital. feisal fled to london the first independent arab state the kingdom of syria lasted less than four months. the french occupation of syria turned into

a mandate in one thousand nine hundred twenty two and lasted until nineteen thirty six with all the problems it entailed and which are still felt today. into double france the beijing. if the reality we go in there is only a. one. that sounds like a disk on that luna and live from edina on my thing with. that message hey you know i don't mean. who by they did finance and how to handle the truck. we know nothing as a second that you ruined i could not miss the needle myself in the antarctica. the french mandate also had a big impact on lebanon. that ceased an example if i'm going to. build i would get basically bare alleys about

that responded thought the second shift is at that humid into debbi france and with what sort of think it limits i think it would be again but the thought that as this movie unless it is in the system home of this move to trial growth that as a woman to be seventy well off and into. and i that would be myself i mean people that i was young with thought if you will mess happy. when then it was able to exit . the religious and ethnic divisions created by the french mandate in the one nine hundred twenty s. and thirty's have had a lasting effect on both syria and lebanon. leading to a string of internal and cross border conflicts in both countries. the

problems experienced in the past three decades in iraq also date back to the british mandate. in march nine hundred seventeen british forces captured baghdad ending ottoman rule in mesopotamia three years later in april one thousand nine hundred twenty the league of nations assigned iraq to britain as a formal mandate they had interest of iraq because they have also a strong presence in the gulf as well and in south of iraq so basically they have a good knowledge about what's happening in iraq and they build strong relations with the tribes in iraq in the light of what's happening basically and the failure of the liver to the arabs and stablish with sokol the arabs they and the hashemite basically have good linkage with arab nationalists in iraq all of this together help to mobilize people and the have one thousand nine hundred of illusion.

in maine one nine hundred twenty the iraqis a mix of kurds sonny our robes and shia began peaceful protests in baghdad. the british arrested the leaders. and sponsored filings confrontation. they then crushed the iraqi oil pricing with overwhelming force. two thousand two hundred british and indian soldiers were killed. but around eight in a. half thousand iraqis were killed or wounded. by now many arabs were starting to look back on alterman rule as preferable to being under the british and french mandates. arab people believe that they could seek greater ties with the turkish people

because most arab people saw the turks as fellow muslims who are fighting a similar issue european occupation. but the defeat it also means we're also facing a changed world. five countries occupied parts of present day turkey. the treaty of seven near paris in august one thousand nine hundred twenty laid out the allies harsh post-war terms. the turks turn to the hero of. the army officer who led the ultimate defeat of the allies in the dardanelles in one thousand nine hundred fifteen. the conditions of the treaty of server placed on the ultimate empire were extreme so extreme of

a command that the took on the turks nation would refuse them and any plan five invading the european armies. boast of a come all managed to command the turks to victory. in what became the turkish war of independence. now jessica and now that jada must overcome were jews or a moment after the op that he opposed the work around the stop are and you are the one here now we know where their. if you want to do when i'm going to be on it at that i'm happy mystical added to that. which he has here. and from so i mean with an eye for sherry. and assault on a number. of which i mean. within but a slight yeah and i get the clearest. and then the happy about that one which let me read your mirror. with the bonds between arab and turks now

broken most of a commom and the independent turkey's state turned their backs not only on their own past but on the arab peoples as a whole. the arabs were not on their own. when it becomes clear that the occupation of these regions is going to take place at the british and french armies are not going to leave that the british and french empires states are going to impose a colonial regime armed opposition armed revolt becomes an obvious and almost foregone conclusion. follows it was one of the arab generation that lived through the horrors of world war one. he started as an officer in the autumn an army but after the war he joined king faisel when he ruled syria and fozzy also fought at my

saloon in one thousand nine hundred twenty. when the syrian revolution against the french erupted five years later he didn't hesitate to join the nationalist side. malik told to also watch he's close friend. in this house in beirut where he and fozzy used to meet. something comes off mean alice a lot of us a lot of us persuade the the south and the others forward on alan and the mom all right i love. the mom. telling him no we're not in the middle of the prince and more absent thing and it's not that are actually in the national do enough that know can when it's a bubble out of dylan the money does its infancy with it and home with. the fortunate thing to know is that i've been down to the headset luna all over the globe with

a set i would receive on the limb today the net net show. they love these are bad and it is still a. must leave the room when the own be. happy at the been that. sentiment these are the love of my me the pull of. after two years of heavy fighting six thousand rebels were killed and a hundred thousand syrians displaced. the route was ultimately put down by french forces. but fonzie also once he continues his struggle. in one thousand nine hundred forty eight he led the arab liberation army of volunteers in a neck meaning the catastrophe the arabic term referring to the founding of israel . came back didn't sell to sort of the buzz here in

the long he can in the more look of this world. and me that at the start of the money in the suburb and it's only in the midst of a ten cent of some saucily zero sum to support a team oh something when a lot of the game in europe has left home. and they could well have i would have been looking at that little. russia and thing and solomon with them so will that have a lot of luck to them the elements those in shalamar but i'm going in and then the with those of the live fame something al-ameen. i need to throw have. i been. empty and about them in the balance. and from little rock on the heel of their hold alive to the beat the will. hold. of the world

when you live no month unless a family has an issue in the mess that led. to a lot of. the arab world could not unite to prevent the state of israel becoming a reality in the heart of the arab world. of the three british wartime promises this was the only one that was realized and the aftermath has been felt throughout the middle east ever since. in terms of the harvest of misery the suffering the injustices the difficulties the trauma that has resulted from this period from one thousand nine hundred and the postwar settlement i think that the first world war is the greatest calamity to befall the middle east since the mongols and twelve fifty and the robotic play and the fourteenth century and i don't think that this is actually an overstatement the

whole debate about sectarianism the whole debate about arab nationalism the whole debate about the role of the state the whole debate about corruption about the elite all of those elements now out of and others are engaged on in twenty fourteen where hooted there and i think they know this isn't all that the finger out of paying off the outsiders and that time british friends in two thousand and fourteen fifteen americans it's the same with different to play in some stages of the same scenario is the same ideas the same slogan the same debates sometimes different. the new middle east was formed by the first world war. many hopes the end of the war would herald a new age of independence and peace. but

the region has proved to be one of the most tragic and troubled of modern times. and a hundred years old is still striving to find lasting peace. if you wanted the bit warmer in melbourne it's coming your way the sun hasn't quite done it yet but you can see it's miller cloud on satellite picture except in the

center of australia running up towards the tropics thunderstorms are starting to break out here that will be the case rare event but they're there on saturday running twenty degrees in melbourne twenty four and adelaide because the circulation is rather wrong for you to be honest for was a bit warmer in perth twenty three but that's not really improving hugely if anything as the wind changes it drops down but you're up to twenty six twenty eight than south australia victoria a.c.t sydney not secured this is an onshore breeze and you could see pretty gray weather to be quite honest back down to new zealand a lot more clout here than of late you've got what looks like a bit of a tropical mixture in his the potential for right don't be great don't think much will come out of the sky and given the temperature in christchurch at seventeen you think wachtel cool weather's this think you're right it's just a bit of greatest ready who occasional share of the high ground which is a good part of south island and that's the picture for sunday showers the more likely the temperature regime much to say it is cooler in japan now the seasons

trying to change the rains twenty degrees in the sunshine and tokyo but only six in sapporo. to. cut. we understand the differences. and the similarities of cultures across the world so no matter how you take it al-jazeera will bring you the news and current affairs that matter to al-jazeera. the mates the world brought to bed they don't want the members of the wanted to vaccinate has targeted and vaccines rejected pakistan faces a constant battle in its war against polio

a very difficult situation al jazeera follows the extraordinary health workers who risk their lives in one of the final strongholds we don't assume terse work we have been mostly distorted so we're losing your lifeline the last drops on al-jazeera. this is al-jazeera. television armor clogged this is the al jazeera news hour live from london coming up in the program. the soul as muslims around the world pray for saudi journalist jamal khashoggi a new audio recording reportedly shows his murder was a pretty mess.