it is very very different from has conceived across the region itself. first to react was egypt. its people had paid a high price for supporting the british. of the one point two million men deployed in different roles in world war one battlefield five hundred thousand perished. a few months after the war ended the egyptian politician and statesman sod's al ghul asked the british high commissioner if he could lead a delegation to the paris peace conference he wanted to negotiate egyptian independence the rule and his supporters tried to put pressure on the king to taint the relationship with the bridge the king has a respect within the ordinary egyptians but at that stage that respect has disappeared why because of the. lost of egyptians in the war with the economy

come if occasion on the people of the life all of this actually created a wider gap between the king and the egyptian people which faceted the efforts of thousands of allude to why do they got more and more with that with a king and with the bridge because they wanted to make sure that bridge has no place in egypt after what happened in the first world war. the british arrest it's a global and his companions in march one thousand nine hundred nineteen and exiled them to malta. egypt exploded into revolution. faced with mass civil disobedience the british released subtle and allowed them to travel to paris. but when he arrived he was devastated to learn that the british protectorate over egypt had already been recognized. because the allies sit down in paris afterwards and it should be pretty easy to hammer out some sort of peace on press for truly impossible there's just too many countries. agreement which is why

they had to start again from scratch. and one of the agreements was with the hashemites prince faisal also travel to the site in the hope of achieving his family's goal of a greater arab state. but a united arabia was the last thing the allies wanted. and the arabs would now learn a new term mandate. as the effect that i have at least and i when i can that tell you i mean did that either or and that do and i'm going to be a. body at the end when i'm here and know who will be how do you show what that leave me. enough to have been if you have had but i don't want to be cut out of. that that you know well done why you nominate german. but they had to do it. into their have again and where you've been.

here how you and i had a little below that a lot of what i have to tell you but i'm going to be. up one. faisal's disappointment invest side didn't stop him from seizing his opportunity. in damascus in march one nine hundred twenty he declared to the syrian arab kingdom as an independent state with himself as king. and well thought of many. unknown like well not so long and slowly i was there when i was riding with. herman and myself again this from anonymously me again so a little while from feeling but i'm having to ask eighty year old english when i look at them i said. faisal's declaration of an independent state was the deal he had with the british. butt. the french with sykes pico heavily in mind had

very different ideas. on the twenty fourth of july one thousand nine hundred twenty a small force of arab volunteers gathered at may saloon to try to stop the french army reaching damascus. but the french troops routed the arab nationalists and swept on to the syrian capital. gang faisel fled to london the first independent arab state the kingdom of syria last had less than four months. the french occupation of syria turned into a mandate in one thousand nine hundred twenty two and lasted until nineteen thirty six with all the problems it entailed and which are still felt today. into double frenzy beijing in the us and you know the way that if the reality we

go in there is a year. and a year in the midst of a lab whereby there while that sounds like a risk on their own or in the film and the unit here i think. that message being and how bad they did finance and how to handle opera. were not an asset a second a zoo neuroeconomics the needle myself in their own taqiyya. the french mandate also had a big impact on lebanon. that season example if i'm in the. middle i work and basically there ali is that with the spot in the second ship this at the yemen into double fronted with what think it myself in the second one that this will be less it. was. before the trial growth. as

a little bit certainly well into. and i don't know myself i mean the bill for i was young with if you will math happy. one then it was able to exit. the religious and ethnic divisions created by the french mandate in the one nine hundred twenty s. and thirty's have had a lasting effect on both syria and lebanon. leading to a string of internal and cross border conflicts in both countries. the problems experienced in the past three decades in iraq also date back to the british mandate. in march one nine hundred seventeen british forces captured baghdad ending ottoman rule in mesopotamia. three years later in april one thousand nine hundred twenty the league

of nations assigned iraq to britain as a formal mandate they had interest of iraq because they have also stood in the presence in the gulf as well and in south of iraq so basically they have a good knowledge about what's happening in iraq and they build a strong relations with the tribes in iraq in the light of what's happening basically and the failure of the liver to the arabs and stablish with so-called as they and the hashemite basically have good linkage with arab nationalism in iraq all of this together help to mobilize people and they have one thousand nine hundred of illusion. in maine one nine hundred twenty the iraqis a mix of kurds sunny our robes and shia began peaceful protests in baghdad. the british arrested the leaders. and spark file and confrontation. they then crushed the iraqi our pricing with overwhelming force. two thousand two

hundred british an indian soldiers were killed. but around eight and a half thousand iraqis were killed or wounded. by now many arabs were starting to look back on alterman rule as preferable to being under the british and french mandates. that arab people believe that they could seek greater ties with the turkish people because most arab people saw the turks as fellow muslims who are fighting a similar issue european occupation. but the defeat it also means we're also facing a changed world. five countries occupied parts of present day turkey.

the treaty of seven near paris in august one thousand nine hundred twenty laid out the allies harsh post-war terms. the turks turn to the hero of. the army officer who led the ultimate defeat of the allies in the dardanelles in one thousand nine hundred fifteen. the conditions of the treaty of servitor placed on the ultimate empire were extreme so it seemed to come out that the turks and the turks nation would refuse them and any plan five invading the european armies. boast of a come on managed to command the turks to victory. in what became the turkish war of independence. and now their yada must overcome

were jews or a moment after the op that he opposed the work around the stop are and you are the one you're. now we know well what you want to do when you're going to be on it at that unhappy mystical attitude. which he has here. and from so i mean with and out for sherry. and assault on a number. of which i mean. within but i'm letting it slide yeah i get the clearest. and then the happy about the one which may be a p.j. media and i have. with the bonds between arab and turks now broken most of a commom and the independent turkey state turned their backs not only on their own past but on the arab peoples as a whole. the arabs were now on their own.

when it becomes clear that the occupation of these regions is going to take place at the british and french armies are not going to leave that the british and french empires states are going to impose a colonial regime armed opposition armed revolt becomes an obvious and almost foregone conclusion. follows it was one of the arab generation that lived through the horrors of world war one. he started as an officer in the autumn an army but after the war he joined king faisel when he ruled syria and fozzy also fought at my saloon in one thousand nine hundred twenty. when the syrian revolution against the french erupted five years later he didn't hesitate to join the nationalist side. malik told to all these close friends yaki also keep in this house in beirut where he and fuzzy used to meet. something comes off mean alice a lot of us

a lot of us persuade the south of us forward on allen and the mom. and the mom. telling him no we're not the man as a princess and more absentee and honestly the thought actually in the national do enough that no one can manage a bubble out of the little government does it and finance it when i can home with. the thought that in the whole is that i've been down the had sat duma all over the globe with i said i would receive a limb today the net net show. they love these are bad listing them must leave the room when the own be. happy at them be met. with sentiment these are the love of my middle.

after two years of heavy fighting six thousand rebels were killed and a hundred thousand syrians displaced. the route was old timidly put down by french forces. but fonzie also once he continued his struggle. in one thousand nine hundred forty eight he led the arab liberation army of volunteers in a new meaning to the catastrophe the arabic term referring to the founding of israel. came back they'd spent the whole of the bus here in the wrong he can in the more look of this. and me that at the start of the month in the suburb and it's only in the midst of a can some of the some saucy absent the supposed to keep osa at the moment

a lot of pain and who has left home. and they could well have i would have been looking at that little. russia and thing and solomon with them so will that have a lot of luck to them the elements those in shalamar before the m d and then the with those of the live paint and the alanine yanni to throw the fiber. and the and the bottom of the bottom so. and from little rock on the here like that hold a lot of the beat the with. us hold on some of the old ones no month unless our fandom has an issue in that mess that. a lot of. the arab world could not unite to prevent the state of israel becoming a reality in the heart of the arab world. of

the three british wartime promises this was the only one that was realized and the aftermath has been felt throughout the middle east ever since. in terms of the harvest of misery the suffering the injustices the difficulties the trauma that has resulted from this period from one thousand nine hundred and the postwar settlement i think that the first world war is the greatest calamity to befall the middle east since the mongols in twelve fifty and the robotic play of the fourteenth century and i don't think that this is actually an overstatement the whole debate about sectarianism the whole debate about arab nationalism the whole debate about the role of the state the whole debate about corruption about the elite all of those elements now and others are engaged on in twenty fourteen where rooted there and i think we know this into all of that the fingerprint off

the outsiders in that time british friends in two thousand and fourteen fifteen americans it's the same with different players in some stages of the same scenario is the same ideas the same slogan the same debates sometimes different.