yes a very limited demands by the position for bashir to step down for the regime to be bought. is now the head of a national reconciliation government that has included tens and tens of partisan small parties and these parties are always with three year old bashir has been voted by the sudanese people and twenty then the ones who want to stay down have to go through the right way which is elections in twenty twenty in april twenty twenty will be having elections and everyone has the right to be nominated and we will accept that a weather update is next but still ahead on al jazeera an unprecedented followed by . trying to make sense of volatile financial markets in the u.s.

. and indonesian authorities to avoid coastal areas hit by the. hello again as we end the week here cross north america we're looking at a big storm here coming out of the rockies and really intensifying as we go towards the end of the week here those clouds right there so thursday we're going to be having plenty of snow to the north plenty of rain down here towards the south we've begun had some severe weather along this frontal boundary as it makes its way across the gulf coast but up towards the north anywhere from minneapolis over here towards tronto it is going to be a snowy day chicago the snow is going to turn to rain but we do think you are going to be seeing some delays there as we go towards friday that front starts to extend across the eastern seaboard down here towards the south and atlanta washington d. york boston all seeing some problems at the airports there well across the

caribbean not looking too bad for most locations specially out here towards the east dry for many areas there where we are picking up some rain is going to be over here across parts of the yucatan that is going to continue from thursday getting a little bit better we think by the time we get to friday but over here towards vienna a nice day for you winds coming out of the southeast where the temperature there of about twenty nine degrees and then very quickly across south america still very heavy rain across parts of brazil particularly down here towards the south ridge you know it is going to be a rainy day for you at twenty eight degrees and partly cloudy for cincy and at about thirty four. in the first episode in the golden age in the contributions made. in the.

east we've done. welcome back. a reminder of our top stories this hour president trump has used an unannounced visit to u.s. troops in iraq to defend his decision to withdraw forces from neighboring syria faced criticism for not visiting american soldiers the broad he insists he has no plans to pull troops from iraq. russia is accusing israel of endangering two

passenger planes that hit targets in syria. syrian air defenses destroyed thirteen of the sixteen israeli missiles and israeli security official has confirmed the strikes to the associated press saying they hit a rainy and targets. voting in sunday's presidential election in the democratic republic of congo has been postponed until march and three opposition strongholds the election commission says it delayed to the voters and benny. because of fears of violence and the. two ousted egyptian president have appeared in the same court hosni mubarak has testified in the retrial of egypt's first democratically elected leader mohamed morsi i have read jailbreak during the revolution that toppled mubarak seven years ago john hall has. egypt's revolution may seem like a long time ago but its consequences are still unfolding those man.

who wanted the whole routine the information i'm requested to provide here is related to the trial and what happened before it such information was delivered to me because i was the president and supreme leader of the military forces in a car oh courtroom an extraordinary scene two former presidents adversaries in the events of early two thousand and eleven now appearing on opposite sides of the law the long time ruler hosni mubarak many called him a military dictator was deposed by the revolutionaries he gave evidence against egypt's first democratically elected leader mohammed morsi morsi who faced a death sentence until it was revoked is being retried on other charges along with fellow muslim brotherhood defendants they're accused of conspiring with foreign groups including hamas and hezbollah to orchestrate a violent jailbreak in the early days of the revolution but it was some say a third president the current leader abdel fattah el-sisi attempting

a show of strength here to wield more power you see that he's telling the former president mubarak you must come to court and so we're seeing this power play that sisi signaling to both mubarak and his people that i'm consolidating power and myself i am the eternal power in this state and the level of repression today's unprecedented and the economic situation is even worse the attacks on journalism and freedom of speech and past and civil society egypt is quickly becoming governor and sisi is a read of a counter-revolution in two thousand and sixteen egypt's highest appeal court overturned a life sentence handed down to president mohamed morsi ordering a retrial last year mubarak's own conviction on charges. negligence in office was overturned and he was released but it is president c.c. faces the possible public anger the stagnating economy and the repressive.

eighty years egypt appears to have come. to an all ages era. the husband of a british woman jailed in iran says she's being denied medical treatment despite the discovery of lumps in her breast as a means of garri radcliffe was detained by iranian police and twenty sixteen she was sentenced to five years in prison for plotting to overthrow the government have family says she's innocent and was only running a journalism course another strong earthquake triggered by italy is mount etna volcano has struck the island of sicily injuring at least ten people the four point eight magnitude jolt was one of more than a thousand tremors linked to edna's ongoing eruption it damaged buildings and forced about six hundred people into emergency shelters on monday a mountain that erupted from its side for the first time in more than a decade. indonesia has we were all flights around an erupting

volcano which triggered a tsunami and a crack a teller continues to spew columns about into the air for days after its crazy collapsed sending waves of up to five meters high and long the coast at least four hundred thirty people were killed. mcbride reports from sambo village on java's west coast. after being inundated from the sea now flooded from above along much of the coastline devastated by saturday's an army to wrench will rain poured more misery on already awful conditions. like their neighbors hitting activities family sort through the possessions from their flooded home he knows they won't likely dry out until the other side of the rainy season which is weeks away. everything's wet it's all broken there's nothing left. he has no choice but to move back into his house on this exposed coast but this is my home i

have no other place to go but if i had money i would buy somewhere safer to live off. the rain is also threatening to cut off the main coastal road upon which the recovery operation depends parts of this road were damaged by the tsunami and the rain has flooded other parts of it it's still possible but there's a big effort on now to make sure it stays that way. the route is also increasingly important for the tons of aid that is arriving poor visibility makes it difficult for experts to predict what the volcano will do next. further eruptions could cause another wave a tsunami warning remains in force and false alarms quickly spread on social media have caused panic and people to seek safety on higher ground. proof of the fear that the volcano still rumbling in the murk beyond the horizon is able to evoke

bride al-jazeera north west java indonesia. two activists have been arrested in northern china while protesting outside the trial of a prominent human rights lawyer one trench on was detained and twenty fifteen during a crackdown on rights activists he was known for taking on cases involving accusations of police torture two of his supporters were arrested outside the court in tianjin the trial has been closed to the public. u.s. markets all still volatile after a major run of losses in the weeks before christmas on wednesday the dow jones posted its biggest single day gain rising in the oven hundred points that's almost five percent the postle rebound followed a pre-christian it's losing streak fueled by slower global growth and political uncertainty in washington strong retail sales and surging tech and energy stocks help to boost markets robert scott is from the economic policy institute he says there are fears of a recession despite the market rally what we're experiencing right now is it is

a period of a stream but we call volatility or highs and lows the market seems so you know you know from very low one day to bounce back the next i think what's more important is you keep our eyes on the trend. overall the market still is down several thousand points from just levels of just a month ago and to the year both the dow and the s. and p. five hundred off about seven and a half points at seventy five percent there so it's a substantial loss of value of course of the year. i think that reflects concerns about the risks of recession going forward we know that government spending is going to continue thousand nineteen the trade deficit is already rising and i message has projected over the next two three years the u.s. deficit take deficit could more than a nearly double that is nearly double in the next two three years and that does two

factors together are going to greatly curtail growth in the united states could be enough to push the center recession economists seem to think that's increasingly likely to happen u.s. border protection has ordered medical checks for every child in custody after a second guatemalan child died while in its care eight year old philip gomez owns or died on christmas day hours after being discharged from hospital he was diagnosed with a cold and fever felipe and his father had been in u.s. border control custody since entering the country a week ghalia a seven year old guatemalan go died earlier this month after being detained the u.n. is warning at least two million more than his whalen's are likely to flee next year neighboring peru says two thousand people across its border every day it's already hosting the second largest number of venezuelan refugees off to colombia but as marianna sanchez reports from lima new arrivals are facing strict immigration

controls. got everybody was by nothing i mean he's going to buy you has been selling coffee on the streets of lima since she arrived from venice willing november the thirty two year old is qualified in food quality control but she's afraid she'll get in trouble for trying to work in an industry she knows well she missed the october deadline to apply for a work permit by just a few weeks i'm afraid we came here to work legally and to be in the country legally i don't want to do anything against the law to do so so-called foreign police along with immigration officials are conducting inspections across the capital to ensure venus williams half the required permits to work out of the muzzle by the immigration chief. said the briefly detained some than a swell and for security reasons. sadly some people have committed crimes and that makes us sad because it affects the way peruvian see them and it also makes

peruvians afraid. of the immigration office and many are rushing to apply for work permits before yet another deadline december thirty first but who says it won't issue any more after that there were truck i haven't waited for the last minute but it's been very difficult because i still don't have a certificate from interpol immigration authorities say they've increased the number of personnel and office hours to help these venezuelans get their paperwork done fast but they also say eighty five thousand venezuelans have missed their appointments and twenty thousand have not picked up their approved permits. six hundred thirty five thousand in a swim and snow living according to official estimates. says she feels lucky that she crossed the border in time to work legally and. i pride in august they gave me to a point where you just know i don't know what will happen to those who get here after the situation in venezuela is a tragedy and officials say those wintered up. i can only apply for asylum now but

i mean. this doesn't guarantee a job that we did it but that i applied for asylum they gave me a paper that allows me to work but no one is accepting it as valid. on average two thousand in this with. every day they do you know official say they will not issue work permits after december but for now they will keep the border open to those fleeing the deepening economic and political crisis back home but in a sign just just. well the tag waters of lake atitlan draws tourists from around the globe but residents of one lakeshore town are hoping to draw more visitors for a project inspired by the work of haas and hahn the dots artists and one for helping transformer rio de janeiro for valor by painting it with vibrant colors david massah reports from santa catarina a local. land is renowned for its beauty now one

lakeside town is drawing on these surroundings to transform itself into a giant work of art. it all starts with a fresh coat of paint families choose colors and designs inspired by the traditional hand-woven clothing worn by local women then they help to paint their own homes. because the house is going to end up looking really notice the result will be good and it makes a landscape here look it's a big change from before and i hope more neighbors paint the house as. the cool women have led. since it launched two years ago they helped develop the color palettes and designs and administer the project. coordinator lydia coombe is says women have another key skill that's allowed the program to thrive and. i think that when women make decisions they seek consensus with this reedy helped

us during the start of the project and that helps us keep the support of the community the weaving tradition is strong incentive. the patterns and colors of textiles are inspired by nature. she says women express their imagination through weaving and they are now able to share their talents on a different scale but i'm. for me it's special to see our designs on the walls of town and to see vistas to say it's beautiful and take photographs to remember it it makes me happy to see a traditional embroidery scene this. is attracting more tourists for visitors who've been here before the transformation is clear. not so many activities. like. industries and everything. feels like much more respected though. is the first

project with kind in guatemala organizers say that once they complete the painting of the eight hundred fifty buildings in this town they plan to. spanned the project the other towns around. recently the project won an international design award showing how art can combat poverty and empower a community david mercer centric at that. an american and you're in southeast has become the first person to talk to her alone braving raging winds part of the temperatures and heavy snowfall colonise brady made a final thirty two hour push covering one hundred twenty nine kilometers to complete the track on wednesday the thirty three year old from portland all one hundred seventy kilograms of gear for a thousand five hundred kilometers for nearly two months achieving the feat previously deemed impossible.

and these are all the top stories president has used an unannounced visit to u.s. troops in iraq to defend his decision to withdraw forces from neighboring syria faced criticism for not visiting american soldiers abroad he insists he has no plans to pull troops from iraq one year ago i gave our generals six more months in syria. and it turns out it was really a year and a half ago i should go get them. we need six months. and they said give us another six months i said go get them. then they said go can we have one more like period of six months i said no no. i said i gave you another six months and now we're doing it a different way. russia is accusing israel of endangering two passenger planes as

it hit targets in syria says syrian air defenses. of the sixteen israeli missiles and israeli security official has confirmed the airstrikes through the associated press saying they hit a rainy and targets. the u.n. says representatives of yemen's warring factions have achieved a breakthrough at a meeting in the key port city of her data retired dutch general patrick come out has been hosting the first talks in the city between the saudi and amorality backed government and truthy rebels voting in sunday's presidential election in the democratic republic of congo has been postponed in three opposition strongholds until march the election commission says it delayed the vote and benny. over fears of violence. indonesia has said all flights around an erupting volcano which triggered a tsunami on saturday. continues to spew columns of ash into the air days after its crazy collapsed sending waves up to five nieces high along the coast at least four

hundred thirty people were killed those are the headlines up next science in a golden age. the marshall islands holds a toxic legacy from years of u.s. military nuclear testing. as the sea levels rise when east investigates the threats . on al-jazeera. the nature of light has intrigued scientists throughout the ages today it's used in all sorts of the cations from lasers and communication to particle accelerators we're living in a science and technology boom period but the roots of our understanding of optics and light can be traced back to a period between the ninth and fourteenth centuries that's when a revolution in science took place in the islamic world a golden age of science. a british professor of theoretical physics but born in

baghdad all been looking at the states of the off topic cases of optics and tracing back their roots to those pioneers in the islamic world who revolutionized the new understanding of light during the golden age. this is sesame in jordan it's a synchrotron a giant particle accelerator that's going to produce high energy light for

groundbreaking experiments now sesame stands for synchrotron light experimental science and applications in the middle east the light it will produce will allow us to study the structure of matter with incredible detail to learn more about for example how cancer grows in living cells or to analyze cracks in concrete to see why bridges failed for pollution in the soil this facility is a pioneering collaboration that's bringing together scientists from around the middle east in neighboring countries to carry out fundamental research that transcends political and cultural differences in a way that hasn't been seen in this part of the world since the golden age a thousand years ago. the ruling of the medieval islamic world together around the globe to further scientific knowledge. among their achievements they revolutionized the way we think about vision and paving the way from modern

understanding of light. isn't yet fully operational but today i've been given exclusive access to this enormous experimental apparatus to see how. by using very fast moving electrons. this is the mystery this is the which increases in energy. right and where the electrons produced in the school ok. so this is where it. hole begins yeah this is the latest foam which produces electrons and cylinders them up till specific you know just so that they can be injected into the blister effect that we close our borders from this source which is a little gun and there are isolated by the other source which we call the megatron

is the same device in the microwaves at home but with larger power and when they close up it's integrated we can't exactly been through the cluster like it do that with the singleton and it's in the booster ring that they are accelerating to round in a circle faster and faster yet to get more in of just so there must be it will be almost the speed of light and then they are injected into the storage of it where we accumulate that image from being there or that to produce the same performance and that's when you can use the lights exactly for those of us to do the experiment yes so there are several stages to sesame first the electrons are produced in the microphone which accelerates them around. when they're fast enough they get injected into the bush to read with their accent or a city even faster and finally as they approach the speed of light itself there fades into the storage room as the electrons are around using powerful magnets they

lose energy in the form of lights this is the synchrotron light we should be used for all sorts of experiments. even without the synchrotron lights some experiments are already underway at sesame. is a scientist who's using infrared light which is invisible to the human eye to see the effects of drugs on skin she's using a special infrared microscope which allows her to determine the chemical composition of samples of skin. i can see here on your computer screen here what's the microscope yet of course can see this is the surface of our sample that we are so the ink it is a skin cell and bell if you click and you want you want you can get the infrared the stick around for this boy when you add a drug or treat your sambit in a new way these peaks will be different so you can study what is the effect of your

drug on this by studying the changes on your infrared spectrum will routes research currently uses its own infrared light source but once the synchrotron is up and running should be able to do her research one of the experimental stations that will be built around the storage ring and she'll use the synchrotron lights when we have the beam line which is from the synchrotron we will have a lot which is very bright so our sample can be started with a very high resolution and so our result will be bitter. the experiments that will be carried out here at sesame will all rely on a precise mathematical understanding of light and it was the scholars of the medieval islamic world as they sought to mathematicians science who first laid the foundations of our understanding of light.

isaac newton studied here in cambridge in the seventeenth century and is regarded by many as the father of optics but there's another father of optics who goes back much earlier and who is often overlooked his name was no haitham born in the tenth century he's probably my favorite scholar of the golden age because like me he's a physicist. born in basra it know haitham excelled at optics math astronomy and much more as a young man the prodigious of no haitham travel to cairo. the story goes that he was invited to egypt after he promised the ruling kailash there he could stop the nile from flooding by building a dam. however he soon realized that this task was technically impossible and so he feigned madness to escape the caleb's anger and was instead thrown into an assignment there he still to have written much of his important work key tarbell my

novel the book of optics which was hugely influential the centuries. method had died is an iraqi engineer at cambridge university together we're going to recreate one of the mill haitham as most famous experiments the camera obscura pharmaceutical you think very very nice what's the view like. we have this power ok i think that clock how perfect. or we need to do is block out the windows and get the screen in place. the camera obscura is essentially a giant pinhole camera the size of a room so that we can stand inside it although the idea of the camera obscura was known about previously it no hey thumbs accounts is the earliest to mathematically explain how it works he used it as proof that light travels in

a straight line ok i just know i need to make a hole so if you get the screen. i'll turn the lights out we'll see if we think that our. well that's going credible it looks like a painting doesn't it doesn't always doesn't look real and you know all we've done is block out the light from the room and then allow it to come through this small hole that is the clocktower you can see such detail just from across the across to even see the highest yeah they're not in focus because you could make them in focus if you made the hole smaller right but of course they're less likely to get it right so we wouldn't be so bright whereas now you see in all these different vivid colors and it's so simple that we're going to hate them would have set up an experiment like this in a darkened room such

a simple thing to create without any lenses or all modern equipment you know a thousand years ago for him to have explained how this image is created through through the hole i must make you proud as i as an iraqi who comes from just down the road from where i was born that is exactly where i was. from an area very close to one of them was born to make you proud. of not hate them as explanation of the camera obscura helped us understand how vision works the i is itself a camera obscura the same principles apply to modern photography after all that's where the word camera comes from. i'm going to stumble to the museum of the history of science and technology in this no. sane kool-aid has been studying it no papers work

including his explanation for why the camera obscura makes an image that's upside down. he's well regarded as as the first scientist to correctly explain the camera obscura talk me through how this works if you press the button there. this is the primary light source and this is the object lighted by dislike the light has to go into the box it through a dispy hole you see here and if you look at from here. you will see that the. f. is worth it it is upside down. yes because that the lights from the top passes in the hole. and they cross over cross over because light takes the shortest way and it travels in straight lines and this was something that he was able to show and prove the fact that light travels in straight lines was known before him

but he for the first time proved it mathematically. it will hate them skitz album a novel is often cited alongside isaac newton's principia mathematica as one of the greatest textbooks of physics ever written latin translations of it influence such men as division chief galileo descartes among others such as his fame today he is commemorated on the back of an iraqi ten thousand d.n.r. banknote he's probably most famous for being the man who explained how vision works . until then the excepted view had been that of the ancient greeks men like plato in euclid who argued that the way we see objects is by shining.