to pay for those wars sovereigns borrowed from prominent family first government bonds were traded paying interest. those prominence creditor families founded the first italian banks that started lending a lot of money to european monitors who were caught up in endless wars. most often the bankers were worried by the warlike rulers an easy way of getting rid of debt one that would be used for centuries. at the time governments had power over creditors only much later would that balance of power be reversed. after the second world war in one nine hundred forty five america's marshall plan

granted thirteen billion u.s. dollars in aid to europe's industrialized countries exceptional growth followed and the thirty years after the war were good. so good but they were known as the economic miracle in germany and the glorious thirty and france business was brisk industry was in full swing and the growth of consumption was spectacular. so he can the polytunnel use it on go his basically put it to school august i'm suited for humanly move be doable dyslexia be on call so much from your machine if we were to do our or figured on compile your film and or goes to show it would really phenomenal in bungay us you didn't resign i wanted barry was a guy was phenomenal was a caller there on time the b.b.

was an image will be a few miles a rock good. in cost ass. by the end of the postwar boom in the early one nine hundred seventy s. government debt in europe was a great called lows thanks to growth and inflation but the economic machine would soon be upset by two major events. good evening on august fifteenth one thousand nine hundred seventy one richard nixon the president of the united states his coffers had been emptied of their gold reserves by the vietnam war announced a staggering measure that would drastically change the world economy. and the dollar against the speculators. i directed secretary connally to suspend temporarily the combat ability of the dollar into gold or other reserve assets except in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monitor

instability and in the best interest of the united states. but it was not a temporary measure at all the u.s. president definitively kept the fixed relationship between the dollar and gold. the donor became a floating currency like every other currency a around the world. all the currencies of the world that were either tied to the u.s. dollar of the british pound by one nine hundred seventy one we're now pure fee at currencies they're not backed by anything they're just backed by the confidence that people have in those currencies. abandonment of the gold standard cleared the way for significant currency market speculation. the free circulation of capital on international markets intensified it was the beginning of a period of great financial instability.

yet. two years later in one nine hundred seventy three another major event occurred the first oil crisis. in one year the price of crude oil soared going from two to six dollars about my. normal necessity to be going to meet. the dude you could be quarter of two dinners in towns like it was on this subject don't include the absolute perfect the middle good imagery and sing like democracy it would set up a forty minute no one knows a month but the knowledge will not be pretty big color boozer. comedy block no country exactly monem shoes but it was. the sudden increase in the price of oil weighed heavily on the world economy. it put the brakes on growth.

production costs went up prices went up. inflation is skyrocketing. high inflation has a major drawback it impoverishes savers and investors since their money depreciates . for government inflation became a new enemy to be defeated at all cost. after removal going on would have rescued a brief federal sat at all those are the five always elitists no yeah follow easy late class will this no see you from valley going to me community to really get out there see going to be on the side out you cause i said i used to are classic you just don't call me a serial if what i was eagleman known gone by gar on credit during a debate you feel silly it put you to such an icon by the convo oppa like

you they are year to dish while much other fests your much of the money for today are see. politik that do all the kills you simply did before iraq i'm done it can grow your nose it is on the bone only because if there are so many to not exist before or is it an economy to defeat it on a cyclical season was when to go to make it up it will moan that it is always under an economy with a monitor fault which is additional lies of trying to put in france that so develop is good at it can do pretty good continue on will see that. noble. i don't know not honestly yelling or what you. please you. have no order to sort out but it would be that it be weeks on a back to the hard basket will be the kimosabe on the day.

if you didn't know but starting in the one nine hundred eighty s. the industrialized countries began to borrow heavily on the international market after which their public debt would never stop increasing. margaret thatcher became prime minister in the u.k. and ronald reagan president in the united states it was the advent of neo liberalism and economic doctrine that also spread throughout europe. governments everywhere were lowering taxes privatizing public assets these would be the years of easy money. stock markets expanded wall street in new york the city in london. on both sides of the atlantic governments deregulated bank credit unchecked capital flows moved through markets worldwide.

by deregulating and liberalizing those governments became dependent on financial markets which by then were an inescapable parts of the economic system. the debt machine was taking shape nearly everyone went into debt governments businesses and individuals. the economic system had turned into a machine for creating debt. and the banks got rich on the interest paid by borrowers. credits became the primary fuel for growth but how does created work. banks possess only a small amount of the money they lend money is created by private banks on a simple request for credit and a promise of repayment. the sum is raised as soon as the loan is repaid that

is a huge thing and it's. how we've always created money from the beginning and it's a wonderful thing if you have a banking system that can create credit like that is a very good thing. because it means you can create finance in a crisis you can bail out a id you could finance climate change you could you can finance a war and that's how we've always done this the public hasn't understood that the public thinks that money comes from me working hard if you know that for us you know during the soil working hard and at the end of the month i earn some money. or on the bali bomb get rid of it so the it that a million people or so the renewable. become leftovers dear is going to bury the view of an awful. void that what a billion people really i believe it is there was a little noise i would love for me to do it because there are no border little large rock it did the new york city lit up usually lectures on with their

yard of a new orleans. clear body gong to say about the present on the go on pieces of the known dollar is a new source on this persona for example is another name to tell a soul economical love about his good city put to the public document utility going to manassas on if you know he's going to tell you to go to the central banks produce five percent of the credit in the world the private banks produce or create art of the net ninety five percent of the credit in the world and they have no virtually no regulation over that now what kay has argued in the one nine hundred thirty s. was. we must manage this process it can create vast bubbles of debt it can go out of control. the nine hundred twenty nine wall street crash in the united states prompted the british economist john maynard keynes to warn politicians the credit

machine needs to be controlled to benefit all of society not just speculators. when we managed the financial system between one thousand nine hundred five one thousand nine hundred seventy one there was not a single financial crisis anywhere in the world and then in one nine hundred seventy one the bank has lobbied and they said no no no we don't need controls you know the market will discipline us we will blah blah blah and we began to lift all these regulations and crises began one after the other first at the periphery and then in a coup. one thousand nine hundred nine saw the birth of the euro and the european central bank had been created to ensure its stability.

at the time global growth was strong the level of public debt was starting to decline europe was breathing easy. confident financial markets lent generously to governments and the weakest economies spain greece italy portugal suddenly had access to loans a very low interest rates close to those available to germany. that low cost financial windfall was an economic boost all was well fall out.

meanwhile in the united states america's housing bubble was expanding and in two thousand and seven the subprime crisis struck thousands of homeowners lost their homes they had taken out loans with interest rates that rose sharply and they found themselves unable to make their mortgage payments many banks were in danger. on september fifteenth two thousand and eight. one of the largest u.s. investment banks collapsed elected him on. a phenomenal speculative seven months because the. present so that your couscous a posse of honesty didn't mongols or so give you the prison p.d.p. don't let. them continue to look good if a few more on city lead it good going to the prison prove the get on play.

hockey live for they could have done it. because it is good for poppy it is surprise to us that in a while the reason. they don't is all they want to have in the coming over all the time is develop. ok about the russian the sequel is commercial good. so i did a fade to distribute the go on this is what is on it would suggest that the early months of. after the fall of lehman brothers european banks with close links to american banks risked bankruptcy in turn. governments only just managed to save them in order to avoid the collapse of the whole system. no one in office secretaries you want to switch on that are keeping your bank to god you have to prove the devil look it is actually take you on to the proof. if proof dog proof was three hundred proof or

food near proven food in a prison for god you prefer going to prison on a system fragile if this was. in spain and in ireland after the advent of the euro and thanks to loans from german french and british private banks developers invested heavily in real estate . and a big don't need to back order to the good media danny and the rest buy new market is a or both back to on your longer. than yours morgan old labour's why not speak you live on our own nuffin did you blair in gabby douglas the shift to new york on one dot. com you loudly grandma you guardedly booklet victimized and ordered

a book. about who are. it in blue sybil a plenty ski said country back they bet your salad bar. the movie yet you see it lisita. well i want to go and finish well do sympathy also called except if you know you don't want to know the mind nodded from a gas i get home and think how to play faked. if you don't know if you also can face it cost fifty. indeed p.v. equals don't need you what do you think you can often do not get people. in the first episode of science in a golden age i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars doing them and even a slamming a period in the field of. professor jim. brings the brilliance of the

past to life. last point credible always doesn't know real all we've done is block out the light from the room and then allow it to come through the small hole. of science and a golden age on al-jazeera. more with more diversity the new law of the us congress what it needs for the first time on january third well what it means for the democrats and for president joining us for coverage of this historic step in american politics the new u.s. called on else is there. a must and initial response had been inadequate but now it was time for bible level so that muslims no moved from merely reacting to taking action putting the western crusaders on defensive with hindsight this is seen as a breakthrough

a revival of the jihad in the muslim near east the crusades an arab perspective episode to revive at this time on a. you stand the differences. and the similarities of cultures across the world. al-jazeera. and i'm down join in doha with a quick reminder the top stories here on al-jazeera the syrian army says it sent to the strategic city of miami beach after a request from syrian kurds for protection why b.g. fears turkish attacks following the u.s. decision to withdraw its troops but syrian opposition sources say there's no sign

of government forces in the city he's president is accusing the assad regime of running a psychological operation mom of the dough has more residents of money big time on who we spoke to said that they have not seen any sign off syrian forces in this city but what we know is that syrian government troops are already been. outskirts on the countryside off man beach where they were part of an into mush until a coalition that is fighting remnants of. this include the american forces that once withdrawn as well as french and other forces from other countries in the democratic republic of congo a general strike is being held in an opposition area excluded from sunday's presidential election workers walked out in the northeastern city of beni and police of fired tear gas at protesters in goma a shortage of voting machines in the capital kinshasa is concerning election overnighters in nigeria boko haram fighters attacked two military bases in their

fight for control around lake chad. quantities of weapons were also stolen koran that is recent increase attacks on military outposts. police in sudan have detained opposition leaders and activists before more expected protests began to rise in bread and fuel prices on the ground is demands for president omar al bashir to resign he's promised reforms that is blaming foreign interference for the unrest rights groups say dozens of protesters have been killed bangladesh's general election campaign has ended with more violence and arrests the opposition bangladesh nationalist party says nineteen not to miss a been arrested ahead of sunday's vote and police say a supporter of the ruling awami league was killed and u.s. president donald trump has indicated he would order the border with mexico closed down this is border wall is funded the partial shutdown of the u.s. government's likely to continue into the new year after both houses of congress

adjourned without agreeing on a funding bill but those are the headlines this continues here on al-jazeera a definition of statute that so much of a. colleague must much is saying has now been held in pretrial detention for two years what is his crime. why hasn't he been tried yet why hasn't justice been applied in this case is he detained because he said journalists as journalism become a crime have moles become a tool to silence voices of truth we will continue i news coverage with professionalism and impartiality our work will remain credible and accurate but journalism is not a crime incarcerating journalists is not acceptable we demand the immediate release of our colleague mahmoud to same and all journalists detained in egyptian jails free mahmoud and all his colleagues we stand for press freedom.

the two thousand and eight financial crisis threaten to completely disrupt the global financial system governments made the choice to bail out big banks and to rescue troubled economies property removal they get on. to make a movie so that the l.a. borg posse go back so melissa huckaby pascoe see and safe. the modern economy. it's a club law doesn't put extraordinary extraordinary even. the fairly. laid back if you all see the proof of the pity and empathy do you. have a good talk slap of some. good sign up of the. best little. you know excelled in

a. fast. to the media. she'd be a. little visitor could see people. don't read the book. busk you call it a says do p.c. signals c c c that is milby really label q.q. pretty. lawyer because if you do see if you can call a neutral finks human will plus the donkey tapos you couldn't. if governments had to bail out the banks it was because they could not be allowed to fail since those banks are us they are the accounts of millions of citizens we are caught

in the debt machine. the economic crisis and the government bailouts of the banks led to a spectacular increase in public debt in iraq the deck machine spiraled out of control. the first country to declare bankruptcy was greece in november two thousand and nine the newly elected prime minister george papandreou revealed the real figures that had been hidden by the previous governments greek public debt had reached one hundred twenty nine percent of g.d.p. well above the sixty percent threshold set by the master treaty. he asked for help from europe. now you do from

a good to see most obvious addendum as in every break you. can enter will be easy to miss and his most ethics is one reason. that announcement was like a bolt of lightning striking. the german chancellor weighed in on the question of did in my own town the day off we did so called and all. of those i've worked on so i've learned you didn't learn for a long long last year and for tots like the common theme isn't always the mothers of a movie is a lot of them are on their list even. him and him of you don't he. was commonly used to one another. in one thousand nine hundred two the master treaty set out the terms for e.u. integration it forbade the european central bank from bailing out indebted

countries would european governments respect these terms would they guarantee greece's debt should part of it be restructured or cancelled or should they help greece pay its creditors the heads of state could not reach an agreement as europe hesitated and markets speculated on the greek debt of confidence collapse the fear was that if greece restructured its debt. might the markets pullback from spain from italy from la belle frosts and might not europe bring upon itself the catastrophe that it so wished to avoid and therefore the argument was it is far better to give greece all the money it needs to repay its indebtedness than to run the risk that the market would perceive a sovereign restructuring in europe. as infectious as

contagious. only after six long months of crisis europe finally decide its bite resistance from germany to lend greece enough to pay its creditors. a smaller one of it has you broke a new dog today and you could see that guys have a baton logged as one zero zero zero overpass and cemented his affair you know i could problem you know if i would have cleared that up it's not because it you know put it in the by you comment unless it be your bell on this you did this looking as you know we don't listen as we know it would dislocate if not it is that last year it appeared up and beg your point for kwame you know number one our own data to all of us can one copy just a glare do or dip in it immediately. said

brought it out i get it off it does go say so they did that or bia keep the soups they do at a kiosk the p.v. booth. absolutely if you ask about it not one euro of debt has been written down in these years what has changed is the identity of the creditor so money was owed to bondholders in two thousand and ten it's now on to the i.m.f. in the e.u. . if you can solve a debt crisis simply by changing the identity of a creditor and then this one is solved. being in debt isn't only about owing money it's also about being in the wrong is the financial data but also a psychological debt that weighs just as heavily on the inhabitants of the indebted country. debt and. kind of double jeopardy.

or did you it just sick of it so to decrease your. oh not days to finish joe bus. says if one day i want to capability economy. just because i happen to live in greece somehow i'm a sinner i'm a bad person because of some political acts done by political representatives of one kind or another. therefore it's ok for people to have their lives destroyed it's ok for people to have to tax through garbage and not have anything to eat it's ok for cancer patients to be denied medicine if we're ever going to have morality in the world we need to absolutely reject that logic if there's individuals responsible hold them responsible but don't hold a college to very responsible for the deeds of.

to resolve the greek debt crisis the e.u. granted financial assistance in exchange it imposed a draconian austerity program the country was placed under stewardship and lost part of its sovereignty it was placed under surveillance by the troika the three delegates of the european commission the european central bank and the international monetary fund. other over indebted countries in the euro zone will be controlled by the troika in turn and subjected to similar was thirty five. which. was. the sound of those protests reached all the way to brussels the troika had become

a thorn so much so that the european parliament held a special session about the troika exactions national and european m.p.'s questioned european leaders he says they cannot be many ups you may be years. to program others will be violent as the lover but i love that other stuff we give us is that i ask them oh yeah it could it because i'm sure there's the degrees. yet if you asked again i think terry said that they're sort of throwing yeah yeah i've got the stars though the troika is the lover then. you know hope you see care for. yet the message. valid only we have by the abundance you stop probably want to when i was here to promote the clothes then i want to make go. parliament in portuguese in parliament in spanish in parliament in evolution

parliament even it's not so and above i don't want to go for mining and demagoguery surely you do about your own guns the needs. of the program a d.v.r. . in and all of the guns under fire go. up that's a decent program in courts with the language the valan. that's a low but i am absolutely confident sure that if we did not implement the program the situation will be much worse today i am convinced that you have these experiences to try to put on sense no we cease to sense what i. mean look stuff up prisons it has yes quite a limited susan place names that have been used to deficits over the years the. governor contrails. seeing that he does it will send up if area nor.

north i want to go mia. you open it up to predict which of. you is a disappointment the austerity programs were poorly implemented and poorly explained people came to resent you would start to look like an uncompassionate taskmaster all over the continent there was increasing support for nationalist parties and the finance and euro skeptic parties were gaining ground in melbourne if you have been willing to bear on a fair offer for all give up you back to that event you are gone after you are going liberate europe from the monster of brussels nuno and comment we should.

we can see reaction to the liberalization of fright finance just as we saw it in the one nine hundred twenty s. and it's going to be ugly it will ready is ugly it's ugly in greece it's ugly in france it's ugly you know in many parts of the world where people are saying if my government went look after my interests if my government will not arrange for my young people to have employment then i will look for a strong man who will do that for me who will give me security and give my children employment security and i don't care what sort of strong manatees if he's a fascist i don't care if he promises to secure the stability of my life and my people i will vote for him i think that's where we are heading and i don't think our leaders have the vision to understand that the threat that we face. what are the solutions have. curd europe curve the debt machine what mechanisms can it use.

could it play on inflation as other countries do. live as you know jamie almost without it jimmy are probably almost out of it somehow always has little war on the for want of us here by day investor that out for me said without it don't go best kiss is cool with it was obvious that they saw it with. god missile and i'm sure as best goddaughter they are now at the base here in waiting should i get your misandry programs likely to make a fortune for the price coffee yet as you know that a book a minute then i guess that you're. there to charge the poor of alberta for the number two place and a capacity you know the horses that it. following world war two french and german debt was two to three times higher than it is today but inflation literally absorbed it. only by

the dome of a little girl openly people accuse deceased. key until this was all that it was just in them and then it would be pretty good eliminate unique when your lawyers who know. don't know the wa the but hominick more than the first and the first i want to know is that would. you put on more do so legally ma. this is your strawman twenty seconds from polluting. your dogs in the school madonna hardware on the dogs in mark two experts here not soft as ice under linux. on this week committee politicked are in league and in order to understand we're only. needed someone so on the server i'm sure and so into naman i meant to have three to sign with an outdoor high's span is

a dimension of going to his gate sind does end in via tug on the he had built we had an oil by the mouse in riyadh there must be mention arm this condition of cover the politics and mention on some. tilt to the bank named to see the hologram and emerald number. less a closer look at the euro money. the strong euro benefits the countries of northern europe but penalizes those of the south. is the european union going to fall apart would gross return in reverse the trend. is for her how are her duties to kwara girl. who. radio host asked you for me to prove off use the dead download it off it to get across also v.n. says go f.

it said on the nanny who are in class ask why and sit on it if i had to do pull saw or that you saw that it looked all day bruce don't see maggi name good i think i cross off of our head you elected office and i've explored all across all of us on the docket don't so much about a response because if you know suppose go on. ski fulfill all of the phone says give full when you want within the sleaze up dubious going to his duty but i don't suppose he did go over nailed it in that sleazy focus. this was on paul saul so as to do it all more and to live in gritty you know the two gay bully gleg siebold isn't moment to skew their asses on balls on sil book oh no it's a dude little hope gandhi said the new food lepage if you need there's a limit. to have a monetary union work effectively. what happens is that the more

efficient regions or in the case of the eurozone countries become even more efficient and wealthier the poorer regions or less efficient regions become poorer and less efficient. italy south was industrializing until the country unified and in the in the eight hundred sixty s. and seventy's and once that happened if you are an italian investor in the south why would you invest money in the south when you can earn more money by putting your savings in milan or investing it in the north of italy so the south became steadily poorer so what are the italians have to do they had to get always and they still doing it had to send money to the south regularly not lend money but give grants. and then the old days they had the big gossip areally metal door the fund for southern italy which paid out tens of billions of dollars over

a century i mean of endless payments that have been needed the wealthier provinces have to send money to the poor provinces not lend money send it. but there is a catch the master treaty stipulates that each country must manage its debt. europe is far from being a case of union. and yet in two thousand and twelve for the first time the president of the european central bank the e.c.b. took action. the euro is irreversible we will do whatever it takes we lean our monday night within our mandate to have a single monetary policy in your area and to maintain price the million euro area and to preserve the. i don't indeed need loser as you know who niggas get he will

prove it when i hear the new plan lebanese you even hear it would be in exist to the push to be did dissociate we did get khamenei libby lesser know more but torn the bugs out higher up in gesture they actually be directional as well as situational lifting or small maximum folky precisely what i don't know even exist about me as you all talk about what i most want hi all been do dishes on her litany left led me to move i don't remember to not have it when it bad really matters if you know how to get back to dentist in atlanta if you're more on talk about how to have been jailed and i said. what about simply writing off the debt. cancellation can be done to preserve the social order because we don't transform it most revolutions involve cancellation of downs ironically german prosperity now is

based on the cancellation of german that's after world war two it seems very ironic that the german public is absolutely unwilling to even renegotiate debts of countries like greece calling them that centers when in fact all debts were cancelled after world war two and it was that freedom. which actually made the german economic boom. the recovery let it sit on the finance any political one. because if it landed a dead girl by let their head via a surrogate is ricky better you will see that you're about to be one or will be is what we had this was about one global act truly does not mean million out of all they do you might go to war again is obvious what i said but he did i say go up assad as a hobby or said vance i post on this and i go deep others will be added wolf i

believe it was said this wasn't possible so my it as we will check any grass out at it is sorry she's better off it erk it was well look it is having a dog lose a good a good republican that i did he last year so i vaguely audibles good as likeable people eat like they'd be so haley bad apples are about he was a member of let me get rid. of it not succeed you still have to search for the pussy be a leg i suppose and do not lose all the leg is due to be bruised don't do as he could have fortunate to do but he is going to use them if he's going to let anybody have a you ill yet he can travel to new list if you want to be bob noble and support him six wrong leg is two thirds of us are. good men best cure is you she. is wrong we don't fall over years from bottom fishing those used to be in vogue for certain not among well known do exist as

a legalist incirlik is either why systems he used if just any i'll pass on about on and don't include innocent he's guilty fucked and they've been sued to miti the western beaucaire damage done is what he put it quote. the list personally is one of. the e.u. has long been powerless against tax evasion switzerland austria and luxemburg have always championed bank secrecy the e.u. has taken action requiring increased transparency. if you know. what that's. you know. that's what i'm at that's not at them why i mean it but objectify. jill for the world is a good is going to go dominic welcome they don't distance out about it on t.v. to give off this she did love an illness your son is all for me domicile to go on

and i don't know it off. a lot on the monitor that mischa all of newmont but it is the longer so you're going to cause we mara will dull the economy getting more external. to do the democrates you see the view that he had to have you don't look at p. diddy's it played live you know and he said bouncing off on it when elam is a real good on the bunch of his perpetrator is offered to do are to do what you are contributing to you know that you don't do well such as you going to mr concrete has had to do so should. today date the economy and finance an ever present global reality we are all caught in the debt machine the debt its grip and its dictate have insinuated themselves into our work our relationships and our lives. only time will tell if we can actually afford this must a seventh relationship today.

from cool brisk north in few months. to the womb trying to move to this of southeast asia. we've got some rather lively storms rumbling away across northern parts of argentinean say the thunderheads showing up quite nice the lady wet weather further north prosecute possible facility showers stretching their way into ecuador pushing across into peru as well i was the weather that we have into northern argentina willy's as we go through the mist they'll say heavy showers never really too far away from rio not just up towards the caribbean it's lousy

fine and dry as is the case across the caribbean the usual scattering of shasta lossie please guys and fabulous weather coming through you might just catch the odd shot just around the regular costa rica little bit a fair weather cloud across the island certainly was could see wanted to shout friday five and dry as we go on into sas taking stand temperatures getting up to thirty one degrees celsius meanwhile in the u.s. are seeing some very heavy rain flooding storms nasty weather making its way across the plains pushing everts was eastern seaboard as a line of thunder a shad mississippi cells nost the weather as we went through the last twenty four hours or so that stretches right up into that eastern side of canada more heavy downpours history go on through friday sixteen celsius d.c. fourteen there for washington it does drive. the saturday. the weather sponsored by qatar and nice. weather online i want to start here on my

laptop with a tweet or if you join us on sat there was a rush of adrenaline when we felt this was the moment that we have been waiting for this is a dialogue the government has called base i need to protest i'll start to police students force to disperse the crowds everyone has a voice for votes for lots of different reasons what's the difference types of bricks join the global conversation on al-jazeera. this is al jazeera. jordan this is the al-jazeera news hour live from coming up in the next sixty minutes syria's military says it and to the city of miami beach after

a call for help from kurdish forces during a turkish offensive. another day of demonstrations in sudan as protesters called for president bashir to step down. issues a boat a little commission. to muse just. a president on the defensive as tensions rise just days away from elections in the democratic republic of congo. as his first game of the season. welcome to the program the syrian army says it sent to the strategic city of manby to request from syrian kurds for protection the y.p. g. theory is that turkish attacks following the u.s. decision to withdraw troops from the area russia has welcomed the move but syrian

opposition sources have told al-jazeera there's no sign of government forces actually in the city where the syrian army made the announcement on state t.v. which hasn't broadcast any pictures of troops in man beach. based on the full commitment of the army and the armed forces to assume national responsibility for the imposition of the state sovereignty over every inch of the territories of the syrian arab republic and in response to the appeal of the people in. the general command of the army and the armed forces announces the entry of units of the syrian arab army to be and raising the flag of the syrian arab republic the armed forces guarantee the full security of all syrians and others who are present in the region so this is what's happened in syria recently on december the nineteenth donald trump ignored pentagon advice and announced the withdrawal of all u.s. troops in syria around two thousand have been their training fighters against iso

the syrian kurds and u.s. allies criticized trump's decision and some arab nations have normalized relations with syria both the united arab emirates and reopen their embassies in the capital damascus direct flights from damascus to to mizzi or resumed and sudan's president became the first arab leader to visit since the war began eight years ago were turkey's military forces have massed on the border with syria president richard tayyip erdogan is promising to wipe out the remains of i still in syria and says the us would take back weapons from the wife e.g. kurdish militias and moscow a delegation of the syrian democratic forces which helped the u.s. in their fight against isis his foreign minister is due in russia on saturday well we're covering all angles of the story we'll have reactions from moscow washington and istanbul but first let's speak to mamma that though who joins us now from. the turkey syria border so conflicting reports mohammed as to where exactly the syrian

army is in man beige what more can you tell us. all residents of mumbai town are telling us about they have not seen any presence of city and government forces in their out up to now they're also telling the same story with president. otto and saying about the city and playing a psychological game and he said they want a whale of any change what's of all it's been confirmed of the why preview forces hunt for left the city of mumbai the latest we're hearing is that they use a joint patrol in the outskirts of the city by both u.s. . troops stationed around monday to we are also hearing the free syrian army rebels who are allied to talk all sitting down around and sending

more troops to the front lines to words beach so we also had just moments ago about turkish forces call themselves them all the the tal of jet up produce across the border and they are said to be part of the reinforcement of the masinga of troops tuckey is currently involved in input of protection for full fences on monday and mahmoud early so this request by the syrian kurdish y p g for the syrian army to take over mandy's fearing of course this attack by him and things move pretty quickly on the ground didn't they. yes they d. done the y.p. deal the city and defense forces have been really awakened by about ten miles from and by the us president donald trump thought he was going to with the role the two thousand all hold for u.s. forces who are stationed in syria of course they believe that they were been the

only. thing that has been talking turkey from cutting out some sensitive or among beaches. and according to kurdish officials they say this was the only thing they could do inviting bashar al assad's forces to come and do what they say is their sole varian duty to protect the people of mumbai each against a tukey often see if they've already seen what's happened in that three audio and in the. case talkies must've. power supported by rebels numbering up to fifteen thousand of them and these parts of syria of course they knew they would not be a march for the firepower that they will be facing and they felt they say it was easier to negotiate with the government of syria than face an offensive from tech

you of course this is the fullest big concession they have made for bashar lots of forces since they have a huge swathe of syria of course this is a huge boost for much of us that we've been seeing. in the past few weeks all right mohammed thank you for that let's cross over now to. joins us live from istanbul since i'm so how is turkey been reacting to news that the syrian army has raised its flag over man beach is it come as a surprise. well actually it's not a big surprise for turkey because turkey the first reaction from turkey came from president add on a written statement came from turkey is the fence ministry both saying almost the same thing they both said the moral statement said that it is a psychological move by by the syrian regime and the white p.g. which turkey sees as a syria branch of the outlawed could to some workers party p.k. k. and president are gone sad that we are hearing that the syrian regime have raised the

flag or in the town of members but these are unconfirmed reports we are watching closely and regarding membership as if the why p.g. fighters leave the city to its real owners then we have no intention we have no business to do in mn brigida says what prisons are gone sat on the other hand turkish military written statement was said that the why p.g. making a call to other units like the syrian regime army to comment take control of the city is it is not their right it is not fair because they are all of the trying to get the people under control at gunpoint so they have no right to do this they have no right to speak on behalf of the people of the region this is what the military statement said of course this is another surprise for turkey but i have to say that while turkey is thinking that they got they have a diplomatic win because of the u.s.

pullout decision turkey has a lot of heads a lot of things to see because why fiji that the syrian regime have already initiated their psychological. challenge towards turkey and turkey will need to be more careful from now all right some course over there in istanbul sometimes you just cross over to hot issue castro she joins us live from washington d.c. is there any indication the tool that u.s. officials expected this is a result of the amounts troop withdrawal. well there are indications that critics of the president trumps what drop plans from syria have warned that such an event may happen in fact the words were that this would be a free for all in northeast syria once the u.s. removes its stabilizing force there and one of the scenarios would be that syrian kurds fearful of there for their protection would invite assad's forces to offer

them the protection that u.s. forces are withdrawing that appears to be what is happening now and in fact assad allied with russia and he ran a game more of a foothold in this strategically important country of syria to the u.s. and that is one of the results that these critics of the president's decision to withdraw have also warned of that this is a more of a threat to u.s. national security and that the this it destabilizes further this region that further endangers the lives of some six million civilians and that the syrian kurds who are widely considered to be the most reliable allies of the u.s. troops on the ground in syria would be a bad into a bloodbath and in fact it is on that final point that u.s. defense secretary james mattis reportedly because of that point tendered his resignation in protest of these plans to withdraw u.s. forces daryn just briefly what's the latest now on the timing of the withdrawal.

right so matt is will leave his station in just a few days' time with the new year in and one of his final acts as sir as u.s. defense secretary may been may have been an act of resistance he's under the president's order to tell the pentagon to create a withdrawal plan in assyria however that order that he signed over the weekend does not have a timetable and so some are seeing that as an indication of his efforts along with other military brass to slow walk trumps orders for this withdrawal we know that last week when he announced this without the advice of his military advisers that he wanted all those u.s. forces out within thirty days trump seems to have backpedaled about a bit yesterday when he spoke with u.s. troops in iraq saying that the syrian withdrawal will now have to be deliberate and orderly and indications are that the draft plan for the what you're all may dry out well beyond thirty days into several months to heidi shastra there in washington

d.c. heidi thank you let's bring in the company's an assistant professor at the moscow state the institute of foreign relations joins us live now from moscow so the kremlin's welcome this move by syrian forces why is moscow so pleased with developments on the ground well first of all because the kurds were or was seen as american agents and so since the kurds are no much more flexible and brit to accept the protection from damascus it's eat is a real change it is it is a game changer because now the government will control a considerable force over the north of syria and maybe also north east and death will be a dramatic change because there are all the oil fields so it's it is seen as an opportunity to reveal to the borrower of the government and to another still to rebuild into syria as it was before the.