middle ages. florence genoa and venice were constantly at war which cost them dearly. to pay for those wars sovereigns borrowed from prominent family first government bonds were traded paying interest. those prominence creditor families founded the first italian banks that started lending a lot of money to european monitors who were caught up in endless wars. most often the bankers were worried by the warlike rulers an easy way of getting rid of debt when that would be used for centuries. at the time governments had power over creditors only much later would that balance of power be reversed.

his regime after the second world war in one nine hundred forty five america's marshall plan granted thirteen billion u.s. dollars in aid to europe's industrialized countries. exceptional growth followed and the thirty years after the war were good so good that they were known as the economic miracle in germany and the glorious thirty and france business was brisk industry was in full swing and the growth of consumption was spectacular. so he quit the polytone don't use it on grow his basically put it to school august and certificate you molly movie year presumably dyslexia will be on course so much your music goes on machinery if we want it there are or figured on by your film and

or goes to show the doc opportunity would really phenomenal in bungay us you didn't resign i wanted but he was at a world cinema no one asks all are there on time the b.b. was an image will be a few miles that iraq will be vivid. in croissants. by the end of the postwar boom in the early one nine hundred seventy s. government debt in europe was a gray called lows thanks to growth and inflation but the economic machine would soon be upset by two major events. good evening on august fifteenth one thousand nine hundred seventy one richard nixon the president of the united states his coffers had been emptied of their gold reserves by the vietnam war announced a staggering measure that would drastically change the world economy. and the

dollar against the speculators. i read that secretary calmly to suspend temporarily the combat ability of the dollar into gold or other reserve assets except in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monetarist ability and in the best interest of the united states. but it was not a temporary measure at all the u.s. president definitively kept the fixed relationship between the dollar and gold. the donor became a floating currency like every other currency a around the world. all the currencies of the world that were either tied to the u.s. dollar of the british pound by one nine hundred seventy one we're now pure fee at currencies they're not backed by anything they're just backed by the confidence that people have in those currencies. abandonment of the gold standard kid the way for significant currency market speculation. the free circulation of capital on

international markets intensified it was the beginning of a period of great financial instability. but. yet. two years later in one nine hundred seventy three another major event occurred the first oil crisis. in one year the price of crude oil soared going from two to six dollars about my. normal necessity to be going to meet. the dude you could be taller or to dinner some towns i could use it on this subject don't include the absolute perfect the minute you go to miter and see like democracy it would set up a forty minute no one knows a month but the knowledge will not be pretty big color boozer. comedy block no i'm

pretty exact monem shoes but it was. the sudden increase in the price of oil weighed heavily on the world economy. they put the brakes on growth. production costs went up prices went up. inflation is skyrocketing. high inflation has a major drawback it impoverishes savers and investors since their money depreciates . for government inflation became a new enemy to be defeated at all cost. after removal kernels on wood of less fuel a brief federal sat at all those are the federal reserve there is to slow yeah follow easy late class will this no see you for valley going to me community really out there see going to the on trees around you cause i said i used to are classic

kids don't call me a serial if what i was eagleman and gone by gar on credit during the debate you feel silly it put you to such an icon by the convo oppa like you they are year to dish while much other fests your much of the money for today are see. but really dig that do all the kills you simply did before iraq i'm done it can go years it is on point early because if there are so many to not exist before or is it an economy to defeat it on a cyclical season was when to go to make it up it will moan it it is on was under the economy all i wanted to fault was this additional lies of trying to buy them for us good luck at that so they were always good at it continue pretty good continue that. noble. i don't know not honestly yelling. completely as you would have knows.

now when we let it be weeks on a back to the out of pocket would be the kimosabe on the day. if you didn't know but starting in the one nine hundred eighty s. the industrialized countries began to borrow heavily on the international market after which their public debts would never stop increasing. margaret thatcher became prime minister in the u.k. and ronald reagan president and the united states it was the advent of neo liberalism and economic doctrine that also spread throughout europe. governments everywhere were lowering taxes privatizing public assets these would be the years of easy money. stock markets expanded wall street in new york

the city in london. on both sides of the atlantic governments deregulated bank credit unchecked capital flows moved through markets worldwide. by deregulating and liberalizing those governments became dependent on financial markets which by then were an inescapable parts of the economic system. the debt machine was taking shape nearly everyone went into debt governments businesses and individuals. the economic system had turned into a machine for creating debt. and the banks got rich on the interest paid by borrowers. credit became the primary fuel for growth but how does credit work. banks possess any a small amount of the money they lend money is created by private banks on

a simple request for credit and a promise of repayment. the sum is a raised as soon as the loan is repaid that is a huge thing it's how we've always created money from the beginning and it's a wonderful thing if you have a banking system that can create credit like that is a very good thing. because it means you can create finance in a crisis you can bail out a.i.g. you could finance climate change you could you can finance a war and that's how we've always done this the public hasn't understood that the public things that money comes from me working hard if you know for us you know davis oil working hard and at the end of the month i earn some money. a lot wrong bali bomb of it so the way that i'm going to be also the renewably a lot of them too complex going still is going to bury the view from the.

void that would be in people ruling i believe it lives a little more loans from me to you please do nope wardle little lot rocketed the. city. usually. the order of a new limply with the clear body belongs to three body peace also to go on peace also to know the all is a source on this persona for example if you. it's a lot on him to tell a soul economical love a pop he's good to put to the public document or to dilute economy manassas on if you lost it going to do to look good on the central banks produce five percent of the credit in the world the private banks produce or create out of the net ninety five percent of the credit in the world and they have no virtually no regulation over that now what kay has argued in the one nine hundred thirty s. was. we must manage this process it can create vast bubbles of debt it can go out

of control. the nine hundred twenty nine wall street crash in the united states prompted the british economist john maynard keynes to warn politicians the credit machine needs to be controlled to benefit all of society not just speculators. when we managed the financial system between one thousand nine hundred five and one nine hundred seventy one there was not a single financial crisis anywhere in the world and then in one thousand seventy one the bankers lobbied and they said no no no we don't need controls you know the market will discipline us we will blah blah blah and we began to lift all these regulations and crises began one after the other first at the periphery and then in a coup. one thousand nine hundred nine saw the birth of the euro and the european central

bank had been created to ensure its stability. at the time global growth was strong the level of public debt was starting to decline europe was breathing easy. confident financial markets lent generously to governments and the weakest economies spain greece italy for chicle suddenly had access to loans a very low interest rates close to those available to germany. that low cost financial windfall was an economic boost all was well thought out.

meanwhile in the united states america's housing bubble was expanding and in two thousand and seven the subprime crisis struck thousands of homeowners lost their homes they had taken out loans with interest rates that rose sharply and they found themselves unable to make their mortgage payments many banks were in danger on september fifteenth two thousand and eight lehman brothers one of the largest u.s. investment banks collapsed because that in one was. a phenomena speculative surfin must begin to. present itself so that your couscous a posse of honestly didn't mongols or so give you the presumption the don't.

continue to look good if a few more on to see debt good with the presumption the currency get on play. is good. for it could have done it. because it is good with poppy it is a surprise to the us that in a while the reason. they don't is all they want to have in the coming over all the time is develop. ok probably also on our ration the sequel is commercial could. so i did i failed to disagree go on this is what is on it would suggest that the early months of. after the fall of lehman brothers european banks with close links to american banks risked bankruptcy in turn. governments only just managed to save them in order to

avoid the collapse of the whole system. and on and off a separate issue one a suture that are keeping no bond to god you have to prove the devil rip it is actually take you on to the proof. if proof dog proof was three hundred proof from food new proven food in a prison guards in prison gone to prison on a system hostile if this was just. in spain and in ireland after the advent of the euro and thanks to loans from german french and british private banks developers invested heavily in real estate . in a big don't need to back order to the good media define the interest on your coffee to say or book back to on your longer. then or small be an old labors why not speak

you live on our own nuffin to do blair in gabby douglas the shift in new york on the one dot. com you loudly grandma you guardedly bocanegra might have an orderly book. in the bath why are. it in sybil eight let the ski said cadre back their best course salad bar. the movie see if lisita. want to go in front of well i do support the also called the last act of you know you don't usually want on my last job in the marines nodded for more girls i got at the hallmark to play appeared to be but maybe hong kong if you're not also confers a costly been did indeed peavy if we don't leave or do most of you can often do not get people.

we have a news gathering team here that is second to their all over the world and they do a fantastic job and information is coming in very quickly all of the ones we've got to be able to react to all of the changes in al-jazeera we adapt to them. my job is is to break it all down and we held the view understand it makes sense of it.

until now the coverage of latin america and most of the world was about covering couldn't taz tragedies just quakes and that was it but not the how couple feel how they look how they think and that's what we do we go. by would have months are demanding a good educational system that was introduced to. latin america al-jazeera has come to fill a void that needed to be stilled. hello again i'm martin that is in doha and these are the top stories here of al-jazeera president trump says he will not rush out of syria after coming under pressure from allies and senior figures in his republican party last month president trumpet

abruptly announced that all two thousand american troops would be brought home immediately following what he described as their victory is eisel a book written by two turkish journalists as revealed new details about how saudi operatives planned the murder of journalist jamal khashoggi the book also contains previously unseen pictures of the same agents outside the saudi cult schools residence with bags reportedly used to carry because shorties remains the saudi u.a.e. coalition and who the rebels are being accused of stealing and selling food aid meant for millions of starving yemenis the un's food agency is threatening to suspend aid shipments unless the theft stops taliban fighters have killed at least twenty one afghan security personnel during several attacks on military posts inside a pall province twenty six others were injured british police say they're treating

a saving attack in manchester as a terrorist incident three people were injured at victoria train station on new year's eve the police are questioning a suspect and searching an address in the chasen hill area of the city japanese police have launched a terrorism investigation after a man drove a mini van into crowds celebrating the new year in downtown tokyo at least nine people were injured a twenty one year old suspect was arrested at the scene. north korean leader kim jong un says he's willing to have more face to face talks with president trump but he warned of pyongyang may seek what he called a new path if washington doesn't keep its promises in hong kong pro-democracy activists say they're facing an unprecedented demand from the government organizers of a new year's protest rally we're told to prevent protesters from display pro independence symbols

a government headquarters the civil human rights front said it will comply but describe the demand as a threat to freedom of expression all right up to say those are the latest headlines from us here at al-jazeera let's go back now to death machine. called the much much hussein has now been held in pretrial detention for two years what is his crime. why hasn't he been tried yet why hasn't justice been applied in this case is he detained because he's a journalist as journalism become a crime have moles become a tool to silence ways of truth we will continue our news coverage with professionalism and impartiality our work will remain credible and accurate but journalism is not a crime incarcerating journalists is not acceptable we demand the immediate release of our colleague mahmoud to say and all journalists detained in

a gyptian jails. and all his colleagues we stand for press freedom. the two thousand and eight financial crisis threaten to completely disrupt the global financial system governments made the choice to bail out big banks and to rescue troubled economies property removal they get home they go home to make a movie so that the l.a. borg posse go back so melissa huckaby pascoe see and safe. a modern economy would fit but it's a club law doesn't put extraordinary extraordinary or even. the fairly. laid back if you don't see the proof to the pity and empathy do you. have a good tongue slap out some. good sign up of the. law school

the best little back as you know excelled in a basket piece again first. to the media. she's be a. little she's a little you could see people. don't read the book. busk you call it a says do p.c. signals c c c that is milby real label q.q. pretty. lawyer because if you do see if you can learn a new real fix human will close the donkey populace you couldn't. if governments had to bail out the banks it was because they could not be allowed to fail since

those banks are us they are the accounts of millions of citizens we are caught in the debt machine. the economic crisis and the government bailouts of the banks led to a spectacular increase in public debt in iraq the deck machine spiraled out of control. the first country to declare bankruptcy was greece in november two thousand and nine the newly elected prime minister george papandreou revealed the real figures that had been hidden by the previous governments greek public debt had reached one hundred twenty nine percent of g.d.p. well above the sixty percent threshold set by the masters cittie. he asked for help

from europe and. now you do for me. our bodies are dead most in iraq. in that it will be easy to make and his most ethics is one reason. that announcement was like a bolt of lightning striking. the german chancellor weighed in on the question of did in my. day off we did so god and all. of those i've worked on so i've learned to get in line for a long long view of the so-called end for tots not the common theme is not with the mothers of the movies i loved all of them are on their list even being online for the see him on him of you don't he. was commonly used as an r.v. . in one thousand nine hundred two the master

treaty set out the terms for e.u. integration it forbade the european central bank from bailing out indebted countries would european governments respect these terms with a guaranteed leases debt should part of it be restructured or cancelled or should they help greece pay its creditors the heads of state could not reach an agreement as europe hesitated and markets speculated on the greek debt of confidence collapse and the fear was that if greece restructured its debt. might the markets pullback from spain from italy from la belle froths and might not europe bring upon itself the catastrophe that it so wished to avoid and therefore the argument was it is far better to give greece all the money it needs to repay its indebtedness than to run the risk that the market would

perceive a sovereign restructuring in europe. as infectious as contagious . only after six long months of crisis europe finally decide its bite resistance from germany to lend greece enough to pay its creditors. a smaller one of it has you broke a new dog today and you could see like i said a baton logged as one zero zero zero overpass and cement in his eye fell on i could problem in europe i would eclipse drop it off because it you know put it in a buy you comment unless it be your bell on this you did this looking as you know we don't listen i don't know it would dislocate if not it is at a loss here in a pretty hot bag applicable me you know number one our own data to all of us can one copy their book do or dip in it immediately.

said brought it out i get it off it just go say so they did that or be yeah keep the soup's they do at a kiosk the p.v. booth. as you say if you ask about it not one euro of debt has been written down in these years what has changed is the identity of the creditor so money was owed to bondholders in two thousand and ten it's now owed to the i.m.f. in the e.u. . if you can solve a debt crisis simply by changing the identity of the creditor and then this one is solved. being in debt isn't only about owing money it's also about being in the wrong there is the financial data but also a psychological debt that weighs just as heavily on the inhabitants of the indebted country. debt and. kind of double jeopardy.

or did you it by sick of itself to decrease your. oh not days to finish joe bus. says if one day i want to keep ability economy. just because i happen to live in greece somehow i'm a sinner i'm a bad person because of some political acts done by political representatives of one kind or another. therefore it's ok for people to have their lives destroyed it's ok for people to have to pick through garbage and not have anything to eat it's ok for cancer patients to be denied medicine if we're ever going to have morality in the world we need to absolutely reject that logic if there's

individuals responsible hold them responsible but don't hold a college to very responsible for the deeds of. to resolve the greek debt crisis the e.u. granted financial assistance in exchange it imposed a draconian austerity program the country was placed under stewardship and lost part of its sovereignty it was placed under surveillance by the troika the three delegates of the european commission the european central bank and the international monetary fund. other over indebted countries in the euro zone will be controlled by the troika in turn and subjected to similar was thirty five which. which. was.

the sound of those protests reached all the way to brussels the troika had become a thorn so much so that the european parliament held a special session about the troika exactions national and european m.p.'s questioned european leaders he says they cannot be many up she may be years. to program others will be violent there's the lover but all of that other stuff we give us is that i ask them oh yeah it could be guess i'm sure that there's the decrease. yet if he asked again i've got this theory said the bestseller throwing young of the troika still a lover then. you know more p.c. care for. yet the method. valid only mazzy we have by pundits who stop probably my two heroes here to promote the president i

want to go. home and import a parliament in spanish and parliament in evolution parliament even it's not so and above i don't want to phone model and democratic colleague too much your own guns the needs. of the program are d.v.r. . and all of the guns under fire go. up that's a vastly decent program and courts. valan. that's a lobed i am absolutely confident sure that if greek did not implement the program the situation will be much worse today i am convinced that you have used this experience to try to put on sense no we cease to sense what. it means look stuff up reasons that us yes could put a woman to susan. needs to deficits because well it is the. gov contrails.

it was a blood but if area you know sunita not so well me or not . you open it up to predict which of. you is a disappointment the austerity programs were poorly implemented and poorly explained people came to resent you would start to look like an uncompassionate taskmaster all over the continent there was increasing support for nationalist parties and the finance and euro skeptic parties were gaining ground in reality having. to their own and their asking for i'll be very happy. if they are gone after are going

liberate europe from the monster of brussels nuno and connect we should. we can see reaction to the liberalization of fright finance just as we saw it in the one nine hundred twenty s. and it's going to be ugly it will ready is ugly it's ugly in greece it's ugly in france it's ugly you know in many parts of the world where people are saying if my government went look after my interests if my government will not arrange for my young people to have employment then i will look for a strong man who will do that for me who will give me security and give my children employment security and i don't care what sort of strong manatees if he's a fascist i don't care if he promises to secure the stability of my life and my people i will vote for him i think that's where we are heading and i don't think our leaders have the vision to understand that the threat that we face. what are

the solutions have. curd europe curve the death machine what mechanisms canada uses . could it play on inflation as other countries do. little as you know jamie almost without it germany are probably almost out of it somehow always has little war on the for want of us here squeeze up i think you better that out before me said out it don't go best is cool with it we obviously they saw it with. god missile and i'm sure as best goddaughter they are now at the base here in waiting should i get your misandry programs likely they make a fortune for the price coffee yet as you know that a book a minute then i guess that your duty as it were to charge the poor of alberta for the number two place and a capacity you know the horses that it. following world war two french and german debt was two to three times higher than it is today

but inflation literally absorbed it. only but the delmarva little girl openly party jobless a cause do system the key until this was all that it was just in them and they would be. eliminated week almost one year old as you know. the war but harmony come on the first and the first a bonus that would. be put on more if you do so little to lima. as your straw which twenty seconds will pollute. be adored since it is given medina hardware on the doj mark to export to your not be home school soft as ice under linux runs off on this week committee politics daryn leaving in order to understand we are only. needed someone so on the server

i'm sure and so into naman i meant to have streets to sign with and how to organize dustiest banners are there mention of going to his gate sint does it end in viet tut on the guilt we had in oil by the mouse in riyadh there must be mention arm this condition of cover to politics and mention on some. tilt to the bank named to see the hologram and emerald gnome like. it left a closer look at the euro money. the strong euro benefits the countries of northern europe but penalizes those of the south. is the european union going to fall apart would gross return in reverse the trend. is for it hook how are her duties to kwara girl. who. really i guess that you format the police officers the dead

downloaded off it was also v.n. it's called f. it said on the nanny who are in class ask them why and sit on it and if i had to do pull saw or that you saw they did look at the preuss don't see maggi name go i think i cross off i had to let it off and said i've explored all across all of us on the doctors don't so much but i must point because if you know suppose go on. ski fulfill all of us q. phone says give for when you want with the nestle's put dubious going to get it but i don't suppose we did go over an illiterate in that sleazy focus. this was on paul saul so as to do it all more and to live in quality so you could put the two gay bully gleg siebold isn't nomen to skew their asses on votes on simple camilla said dude little hope gandhi said the new food lepage if you need there's a limit. is purely to have

a monetary union work effectively. what happens is that the more efficient regions or in the case of the eurozone countries become even more efficient and wealthier the poorer regions or less efficient regions become poorer and less efficient. italy south was industrializing until the country unified and in the in the eight hundred sixty s. and seventy's and once that happened if you are an italian investor in the south why would you invest money in the south when you could earn more money by putting your savings in milan. or investing it in the north of italy so the south became steadily poorer so what are the italians have to do they had to get always and they still doing it had to send money to the south regularly not lend money but give grants. and in the old days they had the big gossip area the metal door the funds

for southern italy which paid out tens of billions of dollars over a century i mean of the endless payments that are beneath the wealthier provinces have to send money to the poor provinces not lend money send it. but there is a catch the master treaty stipulates that each country must manage its debt. europe is far from being a case of union. and yet in two thousand and twelve for the first time the president of the european central bank the e.c.b. took action. the euro is irreversible we will do whatever it takes we live in our mandate within our mandate to have a single monetary policy in your area into the prize the million euro area and to

preserve the. i don't indeed need to lose or i don't know who niggas get pretty when i hear the new plan lebanese you eva dia equity in exist apart the push to be did dissociate we did get khamenei libby lesser know more but torn that box on high up in gesture to actually be there as will as well as situational lucian or small maxima to keep precisely what i don't know even exist about me as you all talk about what i most want hi all been did you feel lost on her litany left led me to move on i don't want men to not hear it when it bad really matters if you know how to get back to dentist in atlanta if you're more on talk about some follow up in jordan i said. what about simply writing off the debt.

cancellation can be done to preserve the social order because we don't transform it most revolutions involve cancellation of downs ironically german prosperity now is based on the cancellation of german that's after world war two it seems very ironic that the german public is absolutely unwilling to even renegotiate debts of countries like greece calling them that centers when in fact all debts were cancelled after world war two and it was that freedom. which actually made the german economic boom. the economy let it sit on their hands any political one. because if it landed a dead gerbil let a heckuva ass thirty pet is ricky bet as you will that you're about to be one or will be is what we had this was about one global act cruelly though so i thought maybe i will do my go to again is obvious what i said but he did i say go up

a thought as a hobby or said van thanks boss on the so my go divorce others will be added before i believe said. the so my it as we will check any grass have at it established ascii art it look it was well look it is having a dog who did it go look at that he lost it so i vaguely ahd a gap of good the second was on people eat like that b.b. so higley bad apples are about he was a member of let me get rid. of it not succeed you still have to search for the put you be put on a good leg i suppose and do not use all the legs that is due to be bruised don't do as he could have a truly good can but he is going to use them physically like me but i have a you can travel to new list if you want to be public noble and support him six from all that i guess two thirds of us are. good men best cure is you she. is wrong

we dont fall over years from part of illusion or still to be in wont fonso is not among well known do exist is legalist incirlik is either one system she used if just any i'll pass on about on and don't include innocent he's guilty fucked and they get the consequence you know dimity the western beaucaire damage done is what he put it quote move the list person is one of. the e.u. has long been powerless against tax evasion switzerland austria and luxemburg have always championed bank secrecy the e.u. has taken action requiring increased transparency. if you know. what that. you know you are as well i'm at a few also someone young in it but objective. joe for the well water the good is going to go and garlic welcome the don't dish to about it on t.v.

to get off this she did love an illness joyce on his own for me domicile took on an i don't know bit more bottles. on the monitor that mischa all of newmont but it was his deal longer so we're going to cause we mara with all that are going to make it in molly extra nor. do i do it democrates you see the view that he had to have you're not good little peter is it played live you know and she said paul's was a go off on it when the other room is a real good on click bunch of cars puppets where there's all to do are to do what you want to keep ability to you know that you don't do well such as you're going to miss a conclusion is it to do so should. today date the economy and finance an ever present global reality we are all caught in the debt machine the debt its grip and its dictates have insinuated themselves into our work our relationships and our lives. only time will tell if we can truly

afford this must a seventh relationship to date. from a fresh coastal breeze. to watching the sunset on the australian outback. maybe surprisingly the weather pattern over south america looks fairly typical for early january good circulation daily showers giving to fifty seventy eighty millimeters of rain in fairly short time which is flash flood territory of course but this is usually can be a bit disappointing in buenos aires if it rains all day but twenty degrees is going

to be humid wet time last couple of days and the right is use for the south seas brazil particularly rare and sar pattern are marked on the map here but the shasta also go across the andes occasionally down to the pacific coast in korea and pass a chilling north the continent is dry as it should be even the light showers have been blowing through the lesser antilles aren't really there anymore where you have got a general breeze which brings cloud an occasional rain to honduras and guatemala and costa rica's have been typical of the of the last few weeks and it's fairly light stuff just because it does more on the coast every now and again in the us winter has settled in the real cold has dipped down and this is really cold but the moving cloud has been for the witness if you are watching the celebrations in new york for example as the new year came in and the same just oh fifteen in new york the cold is tucked in behind minneapolis minus thirteen but although it's cold the sun shines by day. the weather sponsored by cat time and place.

in the next episode of science in a golden age i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval islamic period in the field of astronomy. apparently chris knows this day to these medieval astronomers from the golden age. that streams in many ways will leave the computers of the day you can use it to find the time you know to navigate science in a golden age with jim mccoll on a. this is al jazeera.

hello and welcome to the sound is here and he's live from doha i'm our team that is coming up in the next sixty minutes president trump agrees to slow down the withdrawal of u.s. troops from syria. the u.n. threatens to stop sending food to give and if the warring sides keep stealing it from starving people. a new path in the new year north korean leader kim jong un warns of an eternity of plan for denuclearization. and sixty years since the cuban revolution how much power does it have in the region. and our people standing with all your support three time grand slam champ andy murray makes a winning start of the new year there are more on the way later in the program. but first president trump now says the u.s.

will not withdraw from syria in a hurry after coming under pressure from allies and senior figures in his republican party last month president trumpet abruptly announced that all two thousand american troops would be brought home immediately following what he described as their victory over eisel mohammed a day as our correspondent with more from ghazi and half on the turkey syria border . there isn't much of a difference between the deadline given by president donald trump for the withdrawal of u.s. troops which you now faces for months on the one he gives initially when he announced the withdrawal of u.s. troops from syria which he said was up to one hundred days for all of them to be out of their control of course this is not going to be a p.c. to turkey which has had an agreement with the united states from here on in it would be the one doing the finishing off the job of creating clement's of ice and of course turkey has goes on vested interests it wants to see this territory quite

near its border control by cutting. wiped out of groups like the wife beauty which you can see it has to be a terrorist organization of course there's already been shifting of alliances in panic and feeling pushed to the wall the kurdish already invited the syrian government forces to come and protect them from the potential of talk by turkey we're also seeing turkey and russia getting more close on announcing that they will be coordinating and in military movements of all the ground force talking russia wants president bashar al assad to get these territories thought to passant of syria that the kurdish control of right now the president trying that made the announcement on twitter and said if anybody but donald trump did what i did in syria which was an isis loaded mess when i became president they would be

a national hero isis is mostly gone we're slowly sending our troops back home to be with their families while at the same time fighting isis remnants all right let's go live to washington now we can speak to a correspondent there heidi castro and how much of a shift is this in syria policy. well it is quite significant marcin because when trump made the initial announcement on december nineteenth he said that all u.s. troops would withdraw from syria within thirty days if you'll recall that resulted in widespread criticism from top members of his own administration to his friends in the republican party and most notably this resignation of his secretary of defense jim mattis and through the weeks that have ensued there has been a lobbying effort on the president to reconsider or at least to slow down and it appears that pressure has resulted in this result trop announcing that now the

troop withdrawal will be slowed to four months we know that after christmas he visited u.s. troops who were stationed in iraq and he also met with a close ally lindsey graham a republican senator who may have had some influence and the pressure for him to slow down of not reconsider of the withdrawal of u.s. forces from syria will continue according to top administration officials so there still some possibility the president may reconsider altogether but at the very least these four months are what trumps commanders on the ground asked for as the bare minimum to slow the syrian withdrawal and also in the hope of not reading too much into it but he also says the. u.s. troops will be involved in continuing to fight the remnants of. which it clearly is is a contradiction to his earliest statement when he said that the that still have been defeated. that's right it is absolutely a contradiction he has reversed course he claimed that he was completely defeated

comment was panned by his own defense officials and the question now is where does the u.s. defense department go from here jim matt is the outgoing defense secretary officially is no longer on the job as of midnight now in his stead is the acting secretary patrick shanahan who many have said lack the experience to guide the u.s. military he has only been working in the pentagon for eighteen months prior to that his experience was in the corporate world as the c.e.o. of boeing now in his memo bidding farewell to the members of the pentagon jim mattis yesterday said that the defense department still remains in the best possible hands but it is what is being viewed as another possible underhanded criticism of the trumpet ministrations policy mattis went on to encourage members of the u.s. military to not be distracted and to focus on the mission of defending the us

constitution. thank you for the. correspondent c.c. . now the saudi coalition and the who the rebels are being accused of stealing and selling on food aid meant for millions of starving yemenis the un food agency is threatening to suspend shipments unless the theft stops and the world food program says around two thirds of relief supplies diverted to the controlled strongholds is being taken by armed groups the associated press says the a.p. news agency also says that it's seen documents suggesting that russians intended for families in ties are being stolen by armed units working with the saudi a morality coalition forces we can now speak to david orr who spokesman for the world food program is joining us live from rome how bad is the situation that you've come across so much so that w.s.p. is threatening to suspend aid to yemen. we're extremely concerned

by what we've discovered in the course of our inquiries we noticed in recent months there were increasing volumes of food for sale in the markets in the capital sanaa this obviously happens occasionally in war zones where people are desperate and they will sell food to meet other essential needs such as health and education but what we have been noticing it looked like a systematic. misuse of relief of food relief and we began an investigation as a result and our inquiries shows that there was quite. serious fraud taking place with with food and not just being sold but being given and distributed to people for whom it was not intended and just to be clear then i mean

even deserved this abuse of humanitarian aid on both sides of the conflict a base that by the affiliated rebels and indeed those who are affiliated to the saudi u.a.e. coalition. it would indeed seem to be taking place on both sides however. today most of our investigations have been on the. hooty side in the capital sanaa and that is where we have just covered most problems because we've been. effectively prevented from carrying out all the monitoring we would like. and as well we have had issues challenges with selection of beneficiaries and with biometric identification of those beneficiaries which we would like to introduce

more widely but have been prevented from having so you alluded to something a little bit earlier david by saying that this is something that you've seen before it does happen doesn't in conflict areas i mean there is obviously a very well developed war economy in yemen and this is a consequence of that. that's right and look this sort of situation has arisen in many places we've seen it in somalia and so on where people are in desperate need and will go to extreme lengths to secure secure food and often it is misappropriations again and so on but i would say that we do believe. our aid is reaching. in most places those who need it we have a massive food assistance operation in yemen where scaling up to reach ten million people in fact as many as twelve million people in the new year so there is there

is a huge need but we do believe that food for the most part is reaching is reaching those who need it so it is it an empty threat that on the part of w.s.p. then to suspend shipments to yemen given that by and large you know having quite a good success rate. well the truth is we just don't know the exact extent of the misappropriation that you know it is not an empty threat in the sense that where abuse and diversion of food aid is taking place that it means it's not reaching those who desperately need it for its survival so for us it's not really an option to say nothing and to do nothing for the sake of those who who are hungry and in desperate circumstances we need to get the authorities to reform the system so that it's the food is reaching those who need it david or the

f.p. telling his life or man thank you for that. thank you for the north korean leader kim jong un has rung in twenty nine thousand with an offer of more talks with president trump but he warned his country may seek what he called a new path if washington doesn't keep its promises but macbride reports now from the south korean capital seoul. even before the north korean leader spoke it was clear this was going to be a new year's speech in a different tone a softer look for a softer message kim jong un spoke of into korean relations entering a completely new phase the escalating tensions building trust. and in last year's speech kim emphasized north korea's nuclear arsenal this year there was a different pledge. our parties our governments and my resolve for complete denuclearization remain unchanged.