dop and the economy and life will improve we saw the toilet. back in her data not everyone is convinced the ceasefire will hold. our decision is just income paper we haven't seen any results yet reality in his data is contrary to what he expected. at the dawn of a new year there are glimmers of hope for the people of yemen but no one can be sure how long that hope might last rob patterson all dizzy. that he will still to comment cluing a new book lifts the lead on the planning behind the matter of jamal khashoggi and . i'm flying by the most distant world ever explore the nasa spacecraft on a mission billions of kilometers from us.

hello the summer heat in australia is still excessive for many places four to ten degrees above average that generates big thunderstorms in new south wales there isn't terribly western australia there is still a tropical cycling will just about as truckers pressuring across to fall on the walls of queensland but for the rest it's far from daily showers quite warm converse that he's free stifling these are the onshore breeze of brisbane said to keep things cool and melbourne obviously was cooler twenty of twenty seven pounds on the get a pretty hot and sticky thirty six in adelaide so you might enjoy the twenty five a to purchase that southerly breeze makes things very different now the action is not coming from australia to do zealand and then we've just got drifting clouds so it's pretty pleasant weather not entirely please guns fairly obviously twenty four in one thousand same in oakland more current science on the no one on the castel sharing maybe as it was just enjoying the sunshine looking lovely fairly quiet winter as well in japan. the code has to come in after the interior across the sea

of japan minus seven is a max of that of us or you could consider a woman advantage in honshu obviously there's going to be some snow up in the mountains of honshu for most places it's looking fine and quite mild. in the next episode of science in a golden age i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval islamic period in the field of astronomy. the pair nicholas knows this day to these medieval astronomers from the golden age. that streams in many ways with me the computers of the day you can use it to find the time you could navigate science in a golden age with jim mccoll on a. welcome

back reminder of the top styris stories here on al-jazeera purcell's new far right president diable so now rove is sworn in promising to combat crime and corruption in the so americans largest nation u.s. president donald trump says he won't rush to pull troops out of syria after coming under intense pressure from allies and senior figures in his republican party i mean i said nations is accusing both sides in the war in yemen abstaining on selling food aid and for millions of starving people. pressure is mounting on sudan's president omar al bashir to resolve the growing political crisis after opposition policies joined calls for him to step down one of the party said it's withdrawing from the cabinet after weeks of antigovernment street protests hiper

morgan has more from the capital khartoum. thousands have been demonstrating in sudan demanding president almighty bashir step down now twenty two different opposition parties are also calling on the president to resign as. the government needs to end its ruling step times we need to form a provisional council and a transitional government that will run this and used to prepare us for the new elections. the opposition groups say they will submit a memo with their demands to the president on wednesday in a further set back for the government another opposition party has announced it's withdrawing from the cabinet will. we realize the consequences of the current events and we are proud of our historic stand being in the thick of it therefore we decided within our political bureau to withdraw any representation we have in any official post. the crisis started two weeks ago with protest in the city of overbred shortages and rising prices that's quickly spread to other parts

of the country and turned into demonstrations calling on president and bashir to end his twenty nine year old amnesty international says at least thirty seven people have been killed as police responded with tear gas and live ammunition the president has promised to cut costs and improve the economy but that has not stopped the protests the president seems determined to continue his term until elections scheduled for twenty twenty elections that he's not eligible to stand in unless the dance constitution is amended. more demonstrations are planned in the coming days but some analysts see that likely won't change the president's position . on the continuation of protests in cities including khartoum doesn't mean it's a people's revolution yet there are many factors that are needed to make this a popular revolution and the sudanese president knows that this time there are factors missing to make demands that he step down effective there things can change down the road. and memo may not force the president to resign like the opposition

ones but with more protests planned and a defined president to dance or to head may not be easy people morgan al-jazeera to . western nations are urging the democratic republic of congo to restore internet access cut off after sunday's presidential election voters will have to wait several days for the results the government cut internet service is on monday afternoon as well as mobile phone texting some radio services have also been jammed replace joseph kabila was marred by violence and complaints of vote rigging. thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators have been on the streets of hong kong holding their annual rally but this year activists say the government implemented an unprecedented ban on pro independence symbols their vehicle and house was out the protest. this march happens every year but this year there seems to be more of an urgency than ever according to protesters they say it caps off

a year on presidential moves against hong kong's freedom of expression and on concert taught to me and its human rights if we don't talk about it you will just perhaps fall just for the same mistake then try your hand on the new application to the face and i think i would go on to become a person i gave him more than i did but i do what little he used to let the world you know it's time for us to fight for democracy and in my case uprising try to belittle and we still need to come here to. do things for the right color to show the future generations that we have tried even if we fail we're not going to fail and to hong kong is like it's a boat it's sinking fast behind me in the wrong wrong wrong way independents group that been bad for marching to the government headquarters so instead they're going to veer off from the rest of the protesters to the hong kong police headquarters

that's just about one hundred meters away from this position heard from where today has to be able to go through but in twenty eight mile per hour there were banned from running from office and from even exhausting how do i let a co-op blinking goldstone on the implosion of secrecy that only hong kong independence can secure a true democracy and freedom of speech for hong kong in this way hong kong people can be our own masters. and so on down begets another year in defiance protesters here say they want to defend their right to freedom of expression they want more accountability and they want real democracy but most importantly they want more of a say in how their city is run. north korean leader kim jong un has appeal to the u.s. president in his new yes address of a nation and the thirty minute speech came says he's willing to meet with donald trump as any time but he wants his country may see or he. court a new pass if washington doesn't keep its promises from a private course and so. even before the north korean leader spoke it was

clear this was going to be a new year's speech in a different tone a softer look for a softer message kim jong un spoke of into korean relations entering a completely new phase the escalating tensions building trust you pointed out in the last year's speech kim emphasized north korea's nuclear arsenal this year there was a different pledge you know not in was in our parties our governments and my resolve for complete denuclearization remain unchanged we have proclaims that we will no longer make nuclear weapons and will not use them or spread them we have also taken various practical measures already kim jong un stressed is a game of carrying forward the momentum from twenty eighteen into twenty nineteen it seems to confirm his intended historic visit to south korea is still a long track it's a prospect that divides people here including thousands of north korean defectors.

rehearsing for an end of year concert pianist kim plays a piece of music that is popular in both the north and south. when he defected sixteen years ago he couldn't have imagined a north korean leader might one day visit the south when the phone call i got excited made me think if he comes the day that i had it done home i may come sooner . but now i think one of the reasons for his visit is to sustain his regime so i don't think we're going to see any unification and the mood of optimism was also tempered when it came to relations with the u.s. kim says he wants to meet with president donald trump again but had this warning our money if the united states continues to break its promises and misjudges our patience by unilaterally demanding certain things and pushes ahead. with sanctions and pressure against our republic then we have to seek another way to protect our

country's sovereignty and interest under stablish peace and stability on the korean peninsula. twenty nineteen clearly holds the prospect of further improvements in relations but with the ever present risk of the process stalling or even going in reverse public bride al-jazeera so. rescuers have found a ten month old child alive in the rubble of a russian apartment block the partially collapsed and a gas explosion east of moscow on new year's eve the infant is in a critical condition has been taken to hospital rescue crews are braving some temperatures to try to find dozens of people they fear are still trapped in the wreckage as many as forty or forty missing from an investigation has been opened into the disaster. the french government has accelerated plans to tax higher earning tech giants after offering billions of dollars worth of tax concessions in response to the recent yellow vest protests companies like google apple facebook

and amazon will be charged with the so-called g eight tax starting in the new year the measures are expected to raise five hundred seventy million dollars for france and twenty nine thousand. a book released by two turkish journalists sheds new light on the planning of the murder of jamal khashoggi it includes details on the preparations made the focus showed she was killed and contains previously on same pictures a saudi agents with bags reportedly carrying his remains serum gustier was that has the latest from istanbul. diplomatic up crossed the dark secrets of the shoot to murder the title of the first book to be written on the murder of saudi journalist. the authors conducted a series of interviews the third officials to find out what happened before and

after the journalists killing going to stumble nearly three months ago. the book says' the case is the first of its kind a month secret service assess the nation's worldwide people we've talked in istanbul said they want to know more about what happened it's really good rather than this we're waiting for a result whoever is responsible for this murder must be brought to justice because it happened in our country. investigative journalist fairhope in new wrote the book with documents and footage gathered by his colleagues from turkey's sabbat daily newspaper kushat geo to make a good thing the primary sources told us that the hit squad had discussed the plan one hour before her show she was killed first they'd offered to take him to riyadh and if he doesn't accept they'd kill him they knew he wouldn't except they plan to wrap his body parts in plastic bags then carried out in the luggage. this new video was released by the team behind the book on monday it shows senior saudi agents name does

a tiger team sent to kill has to come so late unloading luggage and bags from when and taking them inside the consul generals residence just a few hundred meters from the crime scene the others have concluded his remains are likely still there inside a well saudi arabia had allowed turkish office also take a sample from the well but consistent that night requests to empty it and conduct the search the book reveals more interesting details for instance on saudi foreign sick experts solid how to break who is set to have dismembered hushes body after his killing in how often our using an autopsy saw to reach a douche to a credible sources are claiming letter begun his family enjoy the villa and pool in jeddah now far from riyadh i don't think the saudis would punish such committed servants because i don't think they have many our sources also confirmed that one of the hit men saba stanny died in a suspicious car accident in saudi arabia maybe he was leaning toward talking but the author sources say the crime was committed in istanbul because the saudis

wanted to show turkey is no longer safe for opponents of corrupt governments in order to finish the investigation and file possible indictments it is necessary to know the location of remains many people here in turkey strongly believe this diplomatic residence in istanbul that long society consul general is aware of the journalists remains were brought turkish authorities now how the right to ask for another search of the company on every quest that is likely to be denied by saudi arabia soon anchors solo al-jazeera a stumble now the new year has been ushered in with a remarkable achievement for space exploration now says a new horizon spacecraft successfully flew past the ultimate space rock is the most distant exploration in human history highly jocasta as the details. its name means a place beyond the known world and ultimate tooley shown in this artist's rendering is just that an object most likely iraq more than six and

a half billion kilometers from the sun because it's so far from the sun and the sunlight is so weak out there temperatures are down near absolute zero and as a result of that chemical reactions. are socially frozen. so the object is in such a deep freeze that it's perfectly preserved from its original formation essentially a dinosaur from the beginning of our solar system frozen in time scientists didn't even know it existed until the hubble space telescope spotted ultimate hooley four and a half years ago it's beyond pluto in the kiper belt at the edge of our solar system until now ultimate truly has been seen as nothing but a speck of light shaped like a long dated potato. it's taken nasa as new horizons spacecraft nearly thirteen years to get this close within thirty five

hundred kilometers of the object. and though the fly over happened at exactly five thirty three g.m.t. the scientific team that celebrated the moment like a second new year at the applied physics lab of johns hopkins university has to wait longer before the big payoff of high resolution photos and data is delivered those signals are now traversing space and will begin arriving in the next few days everything that we're going to learn about ultimate from its composition to its geology to how it was originally a symbol whether has satellites and atmosphere of those kinds of things are going to teach us about the original formation conditions of objects in the solar system tuesday morning brought a promising sign we have how the spacecraft we just cutler's the most distant site . by a phone home message from the new horizon to tell scientists to successfully survive the fly by the red. shirts to help peace and the wait here's the

mission's own theme music written by astrophysicist and new horizons team member brian may also the lead guitarist of the band queen. is ultimately one long rock or two that are touching does it have ice or craters the answers will be clues to understanding the origins of our solar system. castro al-jazeera washington i. ask you a quick run to the top stories now on al-jazeera brazil has a new president after the swearing in of giant ball so narrow the right wing hardline i won the election by a wide margin back in october and he's promising big changes also says he will make the difficult economic reforms they did to get latin america's biggest economy back

on track he was propel to victory on his campaign promises six have the option and combat crime. was brutal. corruption privileges advantages have to win and political favors forced trading that needs to be left in the past we want the whole nation to benefit everything that we do henceforth has an undeniable purpose to put first and foremost the interest of brazilians. u.s. president on the trump says he won't rush to pull troops out of syria after coming under intense pressure from allies and senior figures in his republican party last month from abruptly announced that all two thousand american troops will be brought home immediately following what he described as victory over i so. the united nations is accusing both sides in the war in yemen of stealing and selling food aid meant for millions of starving people the u.n. few days she is threatening to suspend aid shipments unless the theft by both the

rebels and saudi u.a.e. coalition stops rasher is mounting on sudan's president omar al bashir to resolve a growing political crisis after opposition passes joined calls for him to step down one of the parties announced it's withdrawing from the cabinets after weeks of anti government street protests. western nations are urging the democratic republic of congo to restore internet access to all five to sunday's presidential election voters will have to wait several days for the results election to replace joseph kabila was marred by violence and complaints of vote rigging. thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators have been on the streets of hong kong holding their annual rally this year activists say the government implemented an unprecedented ban on pro independence symbols being displayed at the government's head courses and north korean leader kim jong un has said he's willing to meet u.s. president donald trump at any time but in this annual address to the nation came

also warned his country may seek what he called a new path if washington doesn't keep its promises. from may but coming next is the scientists in the golden age. it was one of the biggest bank robberies of modern times with over eighty million dollars stolen from bangladesh's central bank one used investigates how cyber attackers infiltrated the global banking system and on al-jazeera. understanding the universe and the vastness of space is at the forefront of physics and astronomy research today everything from white dwarfs and bread giants to neutron stars and black holes but imagine trying to make sense of the cosmos before telescopes for even invented. well between the ninth and fourteen centuries

scholars from you slamming world consolidated and refined the astronomy of early civilizations and came up with ideas that have deeply influenced the stormy right through to the present day and to markedly approaches professor of physics the born impact that and i'll be taking a look at modern day astronomy an avocation and exploring the contribution made to these fields by the scientists of the golden age.

why would the scholars of the stomach world so interested in astronomy. one reason is for navigation. people have been using the sun than the stars to fall on their way around for thousands of years. i'm heading into the desert outside of doha. and i'm using the sat nav to help me. so in a sense i'm still looking to the sky to navigate. well now it's getting late and i think i'm really lost. cause someone to help me. is an utterly business man in bed with with a deep knowledge of the desert in the bed of which way of life. has always been a crucial skill for the bedouin. so as a bedouin how do you find your way around the desert so accurately.

during the day. we know by the sun if this side of the side if it's in the middle sometime we get lost during the night we'll go by stuff. you're familiar with. which is in the north yes it's always there and we have. names like. arabic name. and we know the direction by a by that. bed when by by the way they have a very unusual sense of direction it's in their d.n.a. one i'm driving walkin i know if you just. said ali was not it was this not immediately.

thank you. this one is navigation astronomy was also important for the measurements of time. for example the islamic calendar is a lunar calendar where the months are determined by the phases of the moon. during the golden age astronomers studied the movements of the moon to predict the calendar more accurately the twelve months making up the islamic year in the earth's orbit of the sun. months and religious observances like ramadan move from year to year. the. calendar is a short by eleven days and every thirty or thirty years about. that will cycle for example lunar gorean yes for example by the start of starts now in general which is in the middle of their wonder yes after thirty three years it will come back again in general i. think these days even someone like me

can pretend to be as knowledgeable about the night sky because i want to show you this i have a my tablet you see it shows why it maps the night sky. let me see if i can see that you have the star you saw you know that's north yeah i felt. that. i thought they call it the north star well that's another name for it but it's it's. i don't need to know that i can hold that if i know the north star is there then we know you know the direction that i don't i should know my directions. this apple my tablet allows me to scan the night sky and identify the stars and

planets is the modern day equivalent of the ancient star known in arabic as is each now in the early nineteenth century the boss of caleb. the ruler of the powerful islamic empire was a man obsessed with scholars. and learning and he commissioned a group of astronomers to produce a museum now they already had the astronomical tables of the ancient greeks but they were tasked with improving on them correcting errors and making more accurate measurements they produced a new star chart they became known as. the verified table.

i'm standing on the very edge. but i can look across asia on the other thought of the bosphorus. from the seventh century. when its people spread out of a arabia to asia in the east all the way to spain. but the call costs so much land they had to be great navigators. throughout antiquity maps were drawn by hand and relied on travellers accounts for example before the golden age the greek astronomer ptolemy had compiled lists of over eight thousand coordinates detailing the positions of the oceans landmarks and cities in the ninth century the ruling khelifa of baghdad. commission to group of his scholars to make a new map of the world and to improve on ptolemy's data. museum of the

history of science and technology in islam dr lith quintillion is a scholar of ancient geography together we're looking at moon's map. this myth dates back to the reign of mahmoud and the first third of the ninth century the florestan period of a replica islamic science and bugger that i guess what was different about is that they wanted to improve on on the greeks maps absolutely they measured the. after and of course the but that didn't even exist in the time of all the troops so they had to i guess add all these new cities medicare as well as well absolutely so there were a lot of more precise caught in the moment movement was from the very early years of the road age here we have an example of a map several centuries later the culmination of of geography in islamic empire

it's a map of the world but it's not one that i recognise i don't see any countries that look perfect they should know all the rhetoric maps asshole thwarts oriented africa's always on the top the top so in fact so this is upside down it is upside down we can turn it recognize it. that's better. ok so now i see arabia and the mediterranean so what was new or different about this man you can see the shape of the mediterranean shore and became more precise even aunts of the shape of the cusp in the sea and it was this map that then of course led on to advances in europe absolutely mental that was only a sort and cannot be race. so how did the map makers of the golden age determine such detailed measurement that used diverse tires scientific instruments record an astral eight. have come to the museum of

islamic art in our town where among their many artifacts they have a wonderful collection of astrally standing back. almost a thousand years and i'm hoping that one of the curators dr nor can is going to tell me what's special about a couple of them. the lovely thing about nor is that before the invention of the telescope these devices were incredibly important how far back the astral apes go when where they first well invented the story and say they go back to three hundred b.c. in greece and the word comes from the arabic just above exactly originally from the greek to grasp the stars because actually what you have here is a handheld model of the sky. astral apes offered only a few functions but during the golden age astronomers developed more sophisticated astral apes this one is very very elaborate and it's multi-functional restrooms in

many ways with the computers of the day and they basically served a number of purposes you can use it to find the time of day or night you could decide prayer times you could navigate you could measure the heights of buildings or distances there are all sorts you can see all that exists with this disk because of course these are all moving parts is a portal to two to take it apart yet and seeing it and whom we can a single map of the stars would only be correct for one location on the earth but these sophisticated astral aids were designed to work in many places a later astrid such as the seventeenth century astrid had a number of different plates engraved on both sides and each one could be used for a different city to tell the time to plot the motions of the stars or whatever it is that you needed your astraweb to do so wherever you were in the world you'd use

the you'd have rocio many of the scar absolutely with all its intricate markings and measurements to use and astrally already needed a good working knowledge of astronomy so here we have five. plates inside you then adjust this. so you put the right plates in position yes you take a measurement of the home of a particular star or a sun and then you and then you adjust the reach over the correct plate and that gives you a map of the sky where you are. asked . for astronomers in the golden age modern astronomers have access to a vast array of instruments such as this the lovell radio telescope bank in the u.k. .