and of the wage at the moment it doesn't affect established indigenous reserves in the country but they fear that a president who's made no secret really of his plans and decide to develop brazil's natural resources would then move on to that next the agricultural minister the new agricultural minister also came out and said that brazil had too many environmental moves the agriculture ministry at the moment is really in the hands of the agri business lobby who would also like to develop and stop farming on the brazilian countryside remember that more than half of this country is made up of the amazon rain forest also the new security the new justice minister came out and said that the president to charge him above all other things to try and deal with impunity this is a country that's coming off the back of the biggest corruption scandal in latin america in the new president bill so not a has made it really a priority and

a campaign promise to get to grips with and to be down corruption in the country still ahead on the program we hear from the youth movement accused of causing election violence in bangladesh and we look at what effect france says yellow vest protestors could have on this year's european elections. hello there's a persistent and slowly snaking line a frontal system run across the us that has got wants the size of it and cold to the north of it so it's the lie where you have to get rain or snow start quite possibly showing itself as a rare event in dallas or the next twenty four hours mainly it's north of austin texas rolling up through oklahoma eventually but rain and heavy rain could be the

worry here you know so the temperatures there the side of the cult side not as low as they were they've risen about fifty degrees in twenty four hours winnipeg's above freezing so as minneapolis and that's i think continuing trend if actually slightly warmer on friday and here's the rain risk and it could be significant running through wet dry and they have to work tennessee in kentucky division probably in the appalachians it will snow the ground it will be rain and it's plenty of rain still for the pacific coast snow rapidly falling out of the sky in british columbia in the cascades as well which is welcome but the rain itself is probably welcome a little bit further south in northern california. certainly caribbean apart from the great don't say should see a rain showers it's really quite quite a pleasant time of the year the onshore breeze for places like costa rica honduras and nicaragua just brings a little light rain. in

the next episode of science in the golden age i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval islam in the field of astronomy. to christos this day to these medieval astronomers from the golden. streams in many ways with the computers of the day you can use it to find the time you could navigate science in a golden age with german. you're watching al jazeera live from doha a reminder of our top stories donald trump has asked congressional leaders to return to the white house on friday after both sides failed to reach

a deal to end the partial government shutdown the president is refusing to budge until he gets funding for his a wall along the mexico border. at least thirty one people are dead after days of intense fighting between two armed groups in northern syria. turkey baths rebel forces abrading each other for starting the violence in aleppo provinces and brazil's new government has announced a major policy overhauling creating measures loosening protection of the amazon rain forest the far right president. also promised to introduce an anti-crime bill . now the head of apple has thought he blamed the u.s. president's trade war with china for missing out on billions of dollars worth of business tim cook warned of lower than expected earnings for the first quarter of this year also citing weaker demand from china stasia washington and beijing imposed a series of tit for tat tags on each other's goods a tooth agreed last month expired i am monch sean nichols is

a reporter at the register a technology news an opinion web site he says it's not just a trade war affecting apple i think what apple would like to do is really kind of as much as possible site china site the trade we're saying is issues as the cause of this but as you noted the over the last couple years apple has significantly increased the price of the i phone we've tim cook's official explanation of this is you're seeing kind of a combination of the trade wars kind of causing problems in china kind of worries over the economy and that's making people less likely to go in and purchase apple products so it's so you seem both apple saying this is the train where the economic policies but it's also you know our products are more expensive and fewer people want to go to the store and pay that much for a phone for hours trading it was something like seven point five percent drop in apple's share price i mean this isn't a huge hit for for apple as far as the shortfall i believe it's only about four or

five billion out of an eighty four billion dollar of revenue. for the quarter but if this is something that investors are paying attention to and they did punish apple pretty significantly in after hours trading. a prominent egyptian rights scientists is appealing to the president to pardon his wife who has been sentenced to two years in jail former actress he was arrested for posting a video online denouncing the treatment of women in egypt and accusing guards at a bank of sexually harassing her she was charged with spreading false news her husband hamad loftie is asking president abdel fatah c.c.t.v. his wife as a victim of. israel's public security minister has promised to make conditions worse for palestinian prisoners don says jails will remove cooking rice begin rationing water and reduce prisoners' autonomy they also will also lose the right

to be house with members of their factions don says the new policies aimed to deter future acts of violence while more than five thousand palestinians are being held in israeli jails as political prisoners many say they have been subject to torture and violence while in custody more than two hundred children are among those being held say more than one thousand eight hundred are in need of medical care with about seven hundred suffering from serious or chronic illnesses and prisoners often protest against poor conditions they have been several hunger strikes in recent years. barghouti secretary general of the palestinian national initiative he says it would be another escalation of human rights violations by israel. these. days is very clear. is the. operation on. as an instrument competition.

elections. some ministers are enhanced include a moment activities of those showing people through imprisoning them specially children. now wanting to make conditions much worse for post in persons and others are a group. of violence against palestinian people so in my opinion this is one of the way over skeleton their human rights violations critics say the bangladeshi prime minister's landslide victory in sunday's election could allow her to become even more authoritarian she has seen as party won more than ninety five percent of seats in parliament securing her a third consecutive term in office but a sudden movement which backed her campaign has been accused of violence and voter intimidation stratfor put those allegations to the movement's leader. twenty five year old saddam hussein is the leader upon the day she's running

student we would call the child truly. it has tens of thousands of supporters the opposition say prime minister sheikh hasina used the chance or leaked to intimidate threaten and commit acts of violence against them during the election campaign. including this attack on the motorcade of opposition leader kemal hussain. to be able to see the victims with the awami league. nation there was no violence committed by the roaming the us we followed the election commission in wellness we kept communication ties with the awami league candidates they needed to know what the younger generation wants the opposition alliance has rejected the election is demanding another under a neutral interim government hussain rejects the allegation made by international human rights organizations that the awami league and the sheikh hasina has committed major human rights violations including forced disappearances and the murder of opposition activists. sina has become known to the international

community as a mother of humanity we were able to help their hanger refugees are exulting this proves she is humanitarian in the bell there was a lot of extra judicial caning entering the military government in the past do you deny that there was no intimidation by awami league supporters like your youth movement for. not only me but one hundred million voters they were new generation millions that through the won the league we won our independence and it's through the party that they dream of a modern bangladesh will be realised. the opposition say more than ten thousand of its supporters were restes it during an election campaign it calls a farce hussein and his young supporters say the opposition has no grounds for complaint john strafford al jazeera dhaka. there's been a protest across the indian state of caroline against the entry of two women in the somebody's ma temple police fired tear gas and water cannon against

a group of demonstrators in the state capital the women were the first to enter the temple since the supreme court overturned a centuries old ban on women of menstruating age of protestors support the temples refusal to implement the court ruling saying hindu values are under attack while the temple and the dispute over gender equality are now at the center of a political fights just months ahead of national elections though such a barrier reports. under the cover of darkness and escorted by police these two women defied religious hardliners by entering one of hindu isms holiest shrines the shop a remodeled temple in the southern state of carola which attracts millions of worshippers ear their historic move is backed by india's supreme court which in september ordered the authorities to lift the ban on women or girls between the ages of ten and fifty from entering the temple. but the temples authorities refused so by by the court's ruling and subsequent attempts by women to visit had been

blocked by thousands of the bootees supporting the bam conservative hindu group say they believe women of menstruating age would defile the temples in her shrine local media is reporting the chief priest briefly shocked the temple for purification rituals it isn't clear to me any issue of all idiots and electoral politics by am saying days after these two women ended up being. a dad being a baby at most very and that everybody in my eyes is peaceful. there have been these three men very endearing baby not object dated not paris is their very very peacefully silently allowing gays to be men to war and what before that board. the care of a state president of the hindu nationalist party claims that these events are politically motivated. the b.g.p.

has been seeing local government orchestra can plan what happened there declared a missile destruction but i'm allowed to achieve the community's gone into the fold of anybody vs means advantage to be to this. it's an issue that's become increasingly contentious on tuesday millions of women from across the state formed a six hundred twenty kilometer human chain and called it the woman's wall dorsetshire party al jazeera. in the united states survivors of sexual abuse by the catholic church are demanding a u.s. cardinal be barred from organizing a papal summit on misconduct by the clergy victims have called on the pope to remove cardinal bay's q. page from his position saying in oid bishops concealed hundreds of abuses names under his watch u.s. base catholic bishops are currently meeting near chicago ahead of next month's vatican summit on the sex abuse crisis what we want is for this summit to be able to be taken seriously interested in real and meaningful reform for survivors here

in chicago not just in the united states but the world over and the fact is that currently with this summit as we cannot have faith that it will result in any real reform the electoral commission in the democratic republic of congo says results for the presidential vote may be delayed because it hasn't received most of the ballots regional monitors say sunday's election was relatively well managed despite several challenges technical and organizational problems meant many people were unable to vote one more than a million others in three opposition strongholds were excluded because of ebola and security concerns a manner in mexico's southern state of what has been shot dead just hours after being sworn into office gunmen opened fire on. as he was on his way to a meeting four other people were wounded in the attack a man has been arrested in connection with the killing. peru's attorney

general has reversed his decision to dismiss two prosecutors leading a corruption investigation involving several former presidents they were reinstated after anti-corruption demonstrations outside his office in the capital lima prosecutors are investigating whether former presidents and top government officials accepted bribes from brazilian construction construction giant old rates . rescue workers in the philippines are struggling to reach areas cut off by floods and landslides which have now killed at least eighty five people storm hit shortly after christmas devastating central provinces also the victims died when their homes collapsed a state of calamity has been declared in three provinces to give access to emergency funds. british authorities have arrested two people on suspicion of smuggling migrants across the english channel into the u.k. and iranian national and a british man were detained this week the government deployed extra patrols boats

in the channel after more than two hundred migrants attempted the crossing in december french president emmanuel mccall had no shortages of challenges last year received as being out of touch anger with his government came to a head with often violent yellow vests protests and as bernard smith reports from paris because political rivals are trying to capitalize on the mood in the country to prepare for next the next european elections in may. they have no leader no manifesto no political party and no candidates yet five months before election day for the european parliament france's main political parties a nervous about what they call the yellow vest effect was the. there's no political party that can decide on the out of the people we are the french people that fall for the land and we continue the struggle no political party is above the french people should caution honestly i'm not going to fight

because i don't want to fight the people who look down on us who talk to us disrespectfully who just buy something and leave us alone anonymous you aisy one of the protesters strongest demands after tax relief is for direct democracy referendums rather the more elected representatives that worries e.u. leaders just forty percent of french people voted in the last european elections there is a real crisis suffer presentation and europe is fucked of it in particular as the open parliament is not so well known by most people it's important to. show much better what true rock is doing for people for all people from a high of three hundred thousand protesters nationwide in november to thirty thousand by the end of the year than maybe far fewer yellow vests willing to take to the streets every week but polls consistently show support for more than seventy percent of french people support the political parties are trying to harness

actually say you know this one thing i think it's working from on their own topics on the table meaning what actually is in your appear if you're winning and that's for them on the road on the day to day basis only one opinion poll has tested how yellow vest candidates might fare in a european election and it suggested they'd win twelve percent of the vote and almost all last would be at the expense of the far left and far right the same polls are not. the public on the. twenty one percent of the whatever. the biggest problem might be yellow. which is so far resisted attempts to create a leadership birds with al-jazeera powers. so again i'm fully back to bill with the headlines on al-jazeera donald trump has asked congressional leaders to return to the white house on friday after both sides

failed to reach a deal to end the partial government shutdown the u.s. president is refusing to budge gentilly he gets funding for his border wall along the mexico border and the democrats say trump couldn't give them a credible reason to continue the shutdown the only reason that they are shutting down the government is very simple they want to try and leverage that shutdown into their proposals on home on border security we have we want strong border security we believe ours are better but to use the shutdown as hostage which they had no war you moved against is wrong at least thirty one people are dead after days of intense fighting between two armed groups in northern syria al qaeda linked fighters in turkey banks rebel forces of blaming each other for starting the violence in

a band aleppo provinces meanwhile didn't try and pass a scribe syria's war as sand and death while defending his decision to withdraw u.s. troops from the country still hasn't provided a timetable for the military exit he announced last month last month against the advice of his defense chiefs brazil's new government has announced a major policy overhaul including measures expected to lessen protection of the amazon rain forest president jade watson are also promised to introduce an anti-crime bill. there have been protests across the indian state of caroline against the entry of two women into the temple police fired tear gas and water cannon against a group of demonstrators misstate capital the women were the first to enter the temple since the supreme court overturned a century old ban on women of menstruating age and israel's public security minister has promised to make conditions worse for palestinian prisoners dance's jails will remove cooking rice and begin rationing water they'll also lose

the right to be house with members of their factions advances a new policies aimed to deter future acts of violence those are the headlines on al-jazeera coming up next it's science in a golden age. we understand the differences and the similarities of cultures across the world. so no matter where you call home al-jazeera will bring in the news and current of friends that matter to you. al-jazeera. understanding the universe and the vast space is at the forefront of physics and astronomy research today everything from white dwarfs and bread giants to neutron stars and black holes but imagine trying to make sense of the cosmos before

telescopes for even invented. well between the ninth and fourteen centuries scholars from you fly make world consolidated and refined the astronomy of earliest civilizations and came up with ideas that have deeply influenced the story to me right through to the present day and to markedly be a british professor of physics but born in baghdad and i'll be taking a look at modern day astronomy and application and exploring the contribution made to these fields by the scientists of the golden age. the book.

why would the scholars of the stomach world so interested in astronomy. one reason is for navigation. people have been using the sun and the stars to fall on their way around for thousands of years. i'm heading into the desert outside of doha qatar and i'm using the sat nav to help me. so in a sense i'm still looking to the sky to navigate. well now it's getting late and i think i'm really lost going to call someone to help me. is an utterly business man in bed with with a deep knowledge of the desert in the bed of which way of life. navigation has always been a crucial skill for the bedouin. so as

a bedouin how do you find your way around the desert accurately. during the day. we know by the sun this side or the side if it's in the middle sometime we get lost during the night we'll go by stops. you're familiar with. which is in the north yes it's always there and we have. names like. the. arabic name. and we know the direction by a by that. bed went by by the way they have a very unusual sense of direction it's in their d.n.a. one i'm driving. i don't know if you just. said ali was not this not immediately.

thank you. this one is navigation astronomy was also important for the measurements of time. for example the islamic calendar is a lunar calendar where the months are determined by the phases of the moon. during the golden age astronomers studied the movements of the moon to predict the calendar more accurately the twelve months making up the islamic year in the earth's orbit of the sun. months and religious observances like move from year to year. and. the short by eleven days and every thirty or thirty years about. that will cycle for example lunar gorean yes for example by the start of starts now in general which is in the middle of their wonder yes after thirty three years it will come back again in general.

i think these days even someone like me can pretend to be as knowledgeable about the night sky because i want to show you this i have in my tablet you see it shows . maps the night sky. and let me see if i can see that you have the star you saw you know that's north yeah i thought. i thought they call it the north star well that's another name for it but it's it's . i don't need to know that i can hold that if i know the north star is there then we know you know the direction that i don't i should know my directions.

this app on my tablet allows me to scan the night sky and identify the stars and planets is the modern day equivalent of the ancient star known in arabic as is each now in the early nineteenth century the boss of caylee. the ruler of the powerful islamic empire was a man obsessed with scholars. and learning and he commissioned a group of astronomers to produce a museum now they already had the astronomical tables of the ancient greeks but they were tasked with improving on them correcting errors and making more accurate measurements they produced a new star chart they became known as. the verified table.

on the very edge of. what i can look across asia on the other thought of the bosphorus. from the seventh century. and its people spread out of a arabia to asia in the east all the way to spain. but the caucus so much land they had to be great navigators. throughout antiquity maps were drawn by hand and relied on travelers accounts for example before the golden age the greek astronomer ptolemy had compiled lists of over eight thousand coordinates detailing the positions of the oceans landmarks and cities in the ninth century the ruling baghdad. commission did group of his

scholars to make a new map of the world and to improve on ptolemy's data. museum of the history of science and technology in islam dr ben left quintillion is a scholar of ancient geography together we're looking at moon's map. to the reign of mahmoud in the first third of the ninth century the florestan period of a replica islamic science in baghdad i guess what was different about is that they wanted to improve on on the greeks maps absolutely they measured. by and of course the but that didn't even exist in the time of opportunities or they had to i guess add all these new cities medicare as well as well absolutely so there were a lot of more precise caught in the moment movement was from the very early years of the road age here we have an example of

a map several centuries later the culmination of of geography in islamic empire it's a map of the world but it's not one that i recognise i don't see any countries that look perfect they should know all the rhetoric maps asshole thwarts oriented so africa is always on the top the top so in fact so this is upside down it is upside down we can turn it recognise it. that's better than a ok so now i see arabia and the mediterranean so what was new or different about this man you can see the shape of the mediterranean shore and became more precise even onto the shape of the sea and it was this map that then of course led on to advances in europe absolutely massive that was only a sort and cannot be a race. so how did the map makers of the golden age determine such detailed

measurement that used diverse tires scientific instruments record an astral eight. have come to the museum of islamic art in our town where among their many artifacts they have a wonderful collection of astrally standing back almost a thousand years and. hoping that one of the curators dr nor can is going to tell me what's special about a couple of. the lovely thing about asteroids nor is that before the invention of the telescope these devices were incredibly important how far back the astral apes go when where they first well invented the story and say they go back to three hundred b.c. in greece and the word comes from the arabic of love exactly originally from the greek to grasp the stars because actually what you have here is a handheld model of the sky. astral apes offered only a few functions but during the golden age astronomers developed more sophisticated

astral apes this one is very very elaborate and it's multi-functional that's true it's in many ways with the the computers of the day and they basically served a number of purposes you can use it to find the time of day or night you could decide prayer times you could navigate you could measure the heights of buildings or distances there are all sorts you can see all that exists with this disk because of course these are all moving parts is a portal to two to take it apart yet and seeing it and we can a single map of the stars would only be correct for one location on the earth but these sophisticated estoril aids were designed to work in many places. later astrid such as the seventeenth century astrid had a number of different plates engraved on both sides and each one could be used for a different city to tell the time to plot the motions of the stars or whatever it

is that you needed your astraweb to do so wherever you were in the world you'd use the you'd have of the scar absolutely with all its intricate markings and measurements to use an astral leg you already needed a good working knowledge of astronomy so here we have five plates inside you then adjust this. so you put the right plates in position yes you take a measurement of of a particular star. and then you and then you adjust the reach over the correct plate and that gives you a map of the sky where you are. astronaut powerful tools for astronomers in the golden age model astronomers have access to a vast array of instruments such as this.