setting a bad precedent and critics say a step toward authoritarianism if he were to issue that declaration also if he does it there's still no real understanding of where the money would come from trump wants five point seven billion dollars to construct the border wall between the u.s. and mexico and right now reporting indicates that that money may come from money set aside for disaster relief in the future which may be an idea that the american public is not so wild about trump himself has indicated that if he were to move forward with a declaration he'll likely immediately face court challenges that he says he would likely lose in the lower and appellate levels but all of that said this president who has wavered so much on whether or not to call a national emergency to build the border wall mais yet change his mind his latest indication to reporters at the white house was that if congress does not come together to fund the border wall and he indeed will still pull the trigger and

declare a national emergency republicans are still squarely in the president's corner because of his popularity with the republican voting base and democrats don't have reason to relent on not giving trump the border wall citing polls that show the majority of americans oppose the border wall construction so where that leaves everyone is there's very little incentive to meet in the middle even as this government shutdown drags into its third week. we're going to weather update next to zero then south africa's ruling african national congress prepares for elections as its popularity appears to be on the wane and we'll tell you why some colombia spawned the country's chief prosecutor to resign.

hello again it's good to have you back well here across the western part of the band over the next few days we're going to stay dry but we do have another storm system that's going to be coming into play bringing some more heavy rain across parts of the areas that have seen extreme flooding just last week i want to show you the forecast map here because it's in the mediterranean that we have our next storm system so here on saturday fairly dry here across eastern med but then as we go toward sunday you notice those clouds and rain showers pushing in anywhere from syria down towards lebanon as well into parts of jordan we are going to be seeing some very heavy flooding rains across many areas over here towards baghdad a system will push through you'll get a combination of mixed snow in the evening but as we go towards the daytime it will turn to rain and then we expect to clear out by sunday evening or cross much of the arabian peninsula to the north it is going to be cloudy for many locations we do expect to see quite a bit of clouds here on saturday with attempt a few of about twenty two degrees not much of a change across much of the area on sunday but over towards misguide

a little bit cooler than what we've seen with attempt a few about twenty four and then across parts of southern africa now tibet across the southern coast we're going to see a few clouds for cape down durban may see a shower or two but it's going to continue to be met again the seas very heavy flooding rain over the next few days. when a french soldier was murdered in a so-called terrorist attack. his mother retaliate his with love. speaking out against intolerance and daily a nation she travels the world with the resolve of a grieving mother who lost a son but adopted a generation. latifa a fighting hamas a witness documentary on al-jazeera.

again this is al jazeera a reminder of the main news this hour the runner up in the democratic republic of congo's presidential election has vowed to challenge the result in court citing catholic church election observers mohsin fail to says that she won with more than sixty percent of the vote. u.s. secretary of state by comparison the united arab emirates on the latest leg of his tour of the middle east he says that the u.s. will continue to support its allies in the fight against eisel despite its military withdrawal from syria. and u.s. president donald trump has backed away from his threat to declare a national emergency to pay for his controversial border wall he told reporters that congress must do its job and vote to approve more than five billion dollars in

funding for the. in venezuela opponents of president nicolas maduro have been protesting as he begins a second term in office the head of the opposition one congress is challenge but duras rights to lead the country saying that he's ready to assume power and self and call new elections risible reports from caracas. it's been a day seems economic was sworn in for his second term in office and already members of the opposition controlled national assembly took to the streets to denounce him as a super of the executive office and i've seen that his daughter is one of the millions that have left venice when in the past year she says families shouldn't be forced to leave apartheid and since we don't have a poly trail why if there is people die in them because we don't have. but maybe if it's our food. we don't have to stick to the streets the demonstration was small

compared to the massive ones that happened in two thousand and seventeen when thousands took to the streets to protest against muddled us attempts to disregard the national assembly for most of the people here this is a first step towards opposing what they call the dictatorship of precedent because a lot muddled up there also calling on the armed forces to rebel against the government even though the military has played a crucial role in a war child the socialist revolution was the precedent of a national assembly is one why though he was elected last week and now says he's ready to become the interim president and called for new elections he told al-jazeera he first needs the support of the armed forces and the venezuelan people for. the strength of the people is crucial in this process we have people that were forced to leave the country others detained murdered and even tortured nothing to stop us it has not been easy for us we are survivors and we are in resistance to

what is it. your position has called for a demonstration on january twenty third and promises the national assembly was considered to be in contempt by the administration will be in charge of defending democracy in this country international pressure may also help but analysts say it is not enough then the most assume politico coolant the need to force the government to negotiate the international community plays an important role but it's not enough there has to be a true leader that can connect to the masses to force majeure to negotiate you need a population ready to defend their rights. i says this is another attempt orchestrated by the united states to generate chaos if. this is a show to try to destabilize the country they are a group of kids who control the opposition and want to play to create chaos. it's the same group that carried out the street protests and every day they will have a new show that was but many of those opposing the government are desperately

looking for someone that would show them a way out of the crisis that has forced millions of venice wynans to emigrate in search of a better life was. it a subtle. us. in colombia people have marched in the streets calling for the country's chief prosecutor to resign. is accused of covering up the regular season bribes paid by the brazilian construction giant braxton twenty fifteen the attorney general who worked as a legal advisor to the brecht. at the time. the reports from. holding flashlights of colombians gathered in various cities demanding their country's attorney general steps down. is accused of covering up the regularities and bribes paid in colombia by the brazilian construction giant target rich at the center of the biggest corruption scandal in

the region we colombians are tired of seeing the powerful steal money and nothing happening our institutions our justice system i kept captive and we want them back i took you to forces were able to prevent protesters in front of the attorney general's headquarters taking down the offices flag and burning it i in two thousand and fifteen the legal advisor of colombia's biggest financial group. said to me and the country's richest men about partner with the british winning a one point six billion dollar contract to build a major modern way reading a series of documents. then the auditor of discovered more than thirty million dollars in illegal payments and informed my team is about them yet in a dramatic twist. in a third witness have seen what are said to be suspicious circumstances while

martinez became the man in charge of investigating the crimes other branches admitted in a plea bargain with the united states the partment up justice being eleven million u.s. dollars in bribes to colombian politicians but that's just a fraction of the total amount of right. he has allegedly hate hearing and yet tourney general denies any prior knowledge of the payments and continues to reject calls for his resignation. prosecutors have pressed charges against high ranking officials in a number of countries including former presidents while in colombia only mid level officials have been charged mad genius has recused himself from two related cases that many fear a complete and impartial investigation will not happen in colombia as long as he remains in office but. the issue is that the practice of finance the presidential campaigns of the two most important political parties in colombia they paid x.

ministers congressman if you turn a general falls the entire structure of halls with. just days ago peru's attorney general resigned under increasing public pressure after he missed two leads prosecutors in this scandal. powerful political backers continue supporting him but it's unclear if you'll be able to withstand the growing calls for his removal. the u.k. foreign secretary jeremy hunt says that the nation might have to stay in the european union if parliament rejects prime minister trees amazed that deal friday marked the third day of formal briggs's debates in london the head of a vote should yield for next tuesday the deal agreed that the e.u. has been criticised by m.p.'s across the political spectrum and looks unlikely to pass we can no longer assume by rejecting this deal there will be a better shade of breaks it and what is more likely if this deal is rejected is

that we have the risk of bricks at paralysis and. when that happens no one knows what might happen and the big risk more people worry about is that we don't actually deliver what people voted for. south africa's ruling party the a.n.c. has launched his campaign for this year's general election this year's polls to be held in may being seen as an important test of the a.n.c. his popularity after the scandal filled years of the former president jacob zuma which lost him support. from either miller as more oil from the city of durban. was these community members sing outside a courtroom lousy in the city of durban there seeking justice appearing in court an african national congress councillor accused of killing another councilor from the party it's been three months and sperm up more was shot and killed. his family says he was targeted because of factional infighting within the party we can sort of the

truth is that at home we live in fear because we don't know what's happening we can see now that there are two factions in the organization. the government says forty councilors have been killed in the past seven years mainly because of power struggles and greed of a government contract so that ricans a do at the polls in the coming months to vote for provincial representatives as well as a new president president it's all is important for political parties the province has the second highest number of voters but it's also where the ruling a.n.c. which is riddled by disunity faces one of its biggest challenges president jacob zuma resigned last year after a long running corruption scandal and was replaced by similar. but zuma despite the allegations continues to enjoy significant support in his home of course in a town adding to concerns of a split within the party the a.n.c.

leadership had a message of unity touring the party's one hundred seventh birthday celebrations this week. we're all still here where even with all of all of this is there another silly thing and yet they say you need to see that load of all things a few words from a person his first general election as president of the a.n.c. is trying to solidify his position in the party ways approved appears to be split between him and his peter says a jacob zuma so that some of the biggest regions of the a.n.c. across the country are in caves and so it's very important to understand that if your candidate is weak divide it has possibility to divide nation or to cause massive rifts within the city and this is the base. in much. closer natal is form a stronghold of opposition the inkatha freedom party and there are concerns that a lack of unity within the a.n.c.

allegations of corruption and poor delivery of services could see the party lose some of its support to its rival. for me to mete out. was in a town. eight members of one family have been killed in yemen shelling attack by hooty rebels the four women and four children were killed in a government held village called shalala close to the border with saudi arabia news of the attack comes as the saudi you a coalition says that it destroyed a hooty drone control center that was used in attack on a military parade on thursday. a fire at one of yemen's main oil refineries is under investigation the government believes that it was started deliberately it happened in the southern port city of aden an explosion at the refinery led to a fire and one of its oil tanks refineries been targeted in the past in clashes between government forces and hooty fighters causing fuel shortages and power cuts no casualties have been reported. a saudi teenager who fled saying that she feared

her family would kill her is on her way to carry it out for half mohamed el clune was granted asylum after gaining global attention when she barricaded herself in an airport hotel room in bangkok in order to avoid being sent back john hendren reports in a desperate plea from a barricaded hotel room half moon urged the world to come to her rescue. and. they said i have to to go. no one can help man right now on friday she got her wish and we have accepted the un's request that we grant her asylum that is something that we are pleased to do because canada is a country that understands how important it is to stand up for human rights to stand up for women's rights around the world the canadian prime minister's announcement ended a weeklong drama that drew worldwide attention the eighteen year old fled saudi

arabia accusing her family of physical and psychological abuse but was detained by the authorities in bangkok who at one point threatened to send her back she launched a social media campaign from her hotel room appealing to the united nations high commission on refugees saying she would be killed if she returned i'm not leaving my own until i see it. i want. the un agreed in turn to canada saudi arabia already faces international scrutiny over the killing of journalist jamal khashoggi in the saudi consulate in istanbul in october that prompted canada to review its arms sales to saudi arabia and. the case has drawn global attention district guardianship laws that require saudi women to get a male guardians permission to travel or escape is said to have inspired other

saudi women rajoub mohamed. mock my god is going to start a revolution in saudi arabia go on social media now and watch the accounts off so many young saudis see rob you have shown us that we can do this refused to see her father and brother who traveled to bangkok to seek or return in the end it might have been noon savvy use of social media that led her to a new life in canada as saudi official reportedly told the thai authorities who seized her passport i wish they'd taken her phone instead john hendren al jazeera. it is terry with. the headlines as they were the runner up in the democratic republic democratic republic of congo's presidential election to challenge the

results in court citing catholic church election observers most influenced says that he won with more than sixty percent of the votes he claims the declared winner rival opposition candidate felix. just eighteen percent syrian state media says that israel has fired several missiles towards its capital damascus unconfirmed reports suggests that they struck near the city's airport syria says that most of them were shot down by syrian air defenses but that one of the missiles damaged a warehouse at the airport. u.s. secretary of state mike is on his eight day tour of the middle east and says that the u.s. will continue to support allies in the fight against eisel despite its military withdrawal from syria. the u.s. president has backed away from his threat to declare a national emergency to fund his controversial border wall during a meeting on border security donald trump told reporters that he wants congress to do its job and to approve more than five billion dollars for the wall he called on

democrats many of whom have now left washington for the weekend to come back and vote a standoff over funding for the war has led to a partial government shutdown. opponents of nicolas maduro have protested this he begins his second term as venezuela's president an opposition rally was held outside the local office of the organization of american states the head of the opposition one congress has challenged the dewar's rights to the presidency saying that he is ready to assume power himself and call new elections. of of one of the heavens made oil refineries is under investigation the government believes that it was started deliberately it happened in the southern port city of aden an explosion at the refinery led to a fire in one of its tanks the refinery has been targeted in the past a saudi teenager who fled say that she feared her family would kill her is now on her way to canada. mohammad al kuhn was granted asylum to gaining global

attention when she barricaded herself in an airport hotel room in bangkok in order to avoid being sent back there's the headlines more use of the science in a golden age next. it's. just. been so many greats and vols and saw and so over the past hundred years everything from relativity and quantum mechanics to electronics computing and space travel but

none of this progress would have been possible without the math a much higher zation of songs and the development of algebra the term algebra can be traced back to the arabic word algebra which has its roots in the manuscript written around eight twenty during the time i refer to as the golden age of song it's this was the period between the ninth and fourteenth centuries when scholars in the islamic world first applied the principles of mathematics to science and jamal could be a british professor of theoretical physics but born in baghdad i'm going to look at how the mathematical underpinnings of science apply today and trace their roots back to this golden age.

in. aviation is one of the most remarkable achievements of modern science and in order to be sure that the planes we've built stay in the sky we've needed to master the mathematics of flying. this is we come on the and be green who's a jet pilot and a mathematician. and we are straight. and you have the mathematics background so you understand more the most the mathematics involved in aviation and flying absolutely it's it is a great way to be able to understand how to fly an airplane to understand the dynamics of what's actually going on in the aircraft because i can actually dig into the equations and understand the science behind it. the mathematics that i'm

interested in is something called a quadratic equation a square equation the unknown quantity x. times itself that square lower equation clique the essential basic core dry take is fundamental to how much lift an airplane can generate how fast it needs to fly it is the basis of all aviation it's actually not as complicated as many people might think if we think about lift and there was some various constants and then there's haul off road the squid so it looks complicated with lots of symbols but if you bracket all this all it's saying is lifts is some number it's hard to square of the velocity very simply if you go twice as fast you will get four times as much lift. which is why aerobatic airplanes are powerful they need to fly fast to do those very crisp very precise movements. if you want for instance to

roll the airplane and if you double the speed it will roll four times as fast so it's better. when andy increases his speed to twice as fast because the leaf depends on v squared this times as much left so he can roll the plane four times as. our modern methods to solving mathematical problems like these involving quadratic equations go all the way back to the golden age in fact to the wonderfully titled book and keep our. wish translate says the compendious

book on calculation by completion and balancing it was written by the nineteenth century persian mathematician i'll call it as me now he wasn't the first man to solve quadratic equations they go all the way back to antiquity but he was certainly the first mathematician to provide the general method the technique the recipe for solving them what we would today called the algorithm a word derived from alcoholism is a latinized name algorithm it's he's also right now regarded as being the father of the field of algebra even the term algebra comes from the word job or in the title of his book. what's most remarkable about this mathematical textbook though is not that it has any equations in it because it is me wrote his whole book in words alone. his muse book contains many practical everyday problems of the time such as dividing up land paying laborers or splitting up inheritance business

men and traders would have found the equations particularly helpful that's already business men diana had tree grew up in the desert raising camels and still keeps a herd today. so i mean these are beautiful camels here how important are camels in arabian in bedouin culture well come of a very important and bad when culture for transportation or milking for meat it's very important here and if i wanted to buy a camel i mean what sort of price would they fetch that expensive you know. fifty thousand to seven hundred million euros wow yes that beauty come of that that expensive talking about. millions you know that's not so this is just again it's both jealous yes there will be attention it's very very important i mean they're very expensive up to twenty million maybe more simple one is maybe five thousand

two thousand i ask you this because i want to use the value of a camel to carry out a particular mathematical calculation while. i want to give you a problem and show you the sort of thing the horrors me wrote about in his book of algebra going to use the example of a man who dies owning just one camel which of course has to be sold now what if that camel fetched eighty durham's the man has a friend to whom he bequeath a quarter of his money he leaves the widow to him because we've won eight and he has three sons how much does each son gets he would set up the algebraic equation where the unknown quantity the thing and shape is part of the equation this is what we call x. in algebra today so the way i would write it is eighty equals eighty divided by four plus eighty divided by eight plus three x.

three sons each receiving x. that's what we have to work out as we work through the algorithm the recipe to work this out so if i simplify this eighty equals twenty. plus ten plus three x. so eighties thirty plus three x. i take the thirty to the other side eighty minus thirty three x. fifty equals three x. and so x. is fifty over three which of i'm correct is sixteen and two third's there are times this sort of algebraic equation is something very complicated for people at the time of horror as me showed the recipe for carrying out very important calculations that would have been used in everyday life. that's right isn't it.

andy green isn't just a pilot he's also a world record holder in one thousand nine hundred seven he became the first and only driver to officially travel on land faster than the speed of sound. is the longest standing record in history and up till this point nobody has broken it that's about to change we're building a new car to go a lot faster. we are now building a bloodhound supersonic car it is going to be a car like no other. bloodhound has been designed using the latest engineering techniques and complex computer modeling to create such an advanced to

be a cool bloodhound engineers have solved thousands of equations we're going to put the limits of modern technology one thousand six hundred kilometers an hour one thousand miles an hour forty percent faster than the speed of sound and when traveling that fast some of the most important equations deal with drag the force of resistance that the car needs to overcome to reach a thousand six hundred kilometers an hour. exactly the same way that lift will increase by a factor of four when you double the speed the drag on the vehicle will also increase how much drag you will experience is again a square law and it's even more extreme in the land speed record context because of course we're going so much false about the square to this so enormous we're looking at sixteen hundred kilometers an hour square that it becomes a very big number and the amount of drag is in memphis to cool. eight such an advanced high speed vehicle as one is quadratics the bloodhound engineers have also

needed to solve many other types of equations press it is the car is nice work on quadratic equations then inspired other later mathematicians to solve even more complicated equations and another great high on who is regarded as one of the greatest medieval poets in my view was an even better mathematician he was solving cubic equations involving a quantity times itself target self again and this is also important for bloodhound because the amount of power that's needed from the engines is a cubic equation it's extraordinary that they make that step to the cubic equation they gave us the final building block because it's not only when we double the speed we have four times the drag but it takes eight tons the power is that she added so you trying to do and it becomes a very very large number it's that the tube which produces such a huge quantity fight they discovered it met able to answer this question.

it was just one of the many scholars who flourished in the ninth century although he was persian he spent his academic life in the city of baghdad which had become a renowned center of learning. during the first century after the birth of islam muslim armies conquered vast swathes of the old world they defeated the persians and entered iraq in seven sixty two the a basset caves established their capital in the newly founded city of baghdad from which they roamed over their great empire for the next five cents.