but one hundred sixty thousand square kilometers st kilda has been deserted ever since its thirty six remaining inhabitants left almost a century ago but humans lived there once and they could live there again at least theoretically. what does the u.k. want with all this water. what do you mean by owning a piece of the ocean. the idea of the ocean has changed over time. mums from the pros to show how the rules and their cult talk of his mum saw the world and what they threw into an ocean is very much sure what was important to them and most of us.

before fourteen ninety two before columbus's journey to the americas the ocean as a broad portion of the world surface as a major space that figured into our sense of the globe really wasn't there in the middle ages the world was thought to be a single large land mass a veritable mega continent without ocean. so the ocean really plays no role at all except to show a limit the ocean shows the limit of society and shows the limit of actually of god's kingdom of the kingdom on earth to the east beyond the ocean clay eden lay that the promised land lay heaven beyond that there was really nothing baptist. for most of human history the oceans were projection screens for the imagination of an unexplored and irrepressible loved a mighty barrier a place of terror. despite its dangers

the ocean became more and more important over the centuries. as global trade developed merchant fleets transformed the oceans into vast shipping lanes people from trials and centuries would never have dreamed of laying claim to the ocean for them it was a blue. and so forth with dangers and obstacles that needed to be overcome a sailor's journey to foreign lands. and of course the two dimensional bit is ironic because the ocean is so material a three dimensional you know we you step into the ocean you sink yet in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries something happened that changed our idea of the ocean for ever the seabed became a place of exploration in eight hundred fifty eight as the transatlantic cable was

being late engineers noticed variation in the oceans. be evidence of undersea mountains the first scientific study of the ocean floor was undertaken by the german survey vessel meteo in one thousand nine hundred twenty five scientists today likened the expedition to columbus's first voyage which began the exploration of a towering incognita a previously unknown land over the next few decades a picture of the undersea cosmos gradually emerged. suddenly kind of developed this new awareness of the seabed of the underneath of course this itself is also kind of a fantasized idealisation of the ocean because you're imagining that you can see through the water column the water is missing from here the fish are missing a subtle way the topography of the seabed is quite literally brought to the surface of the discovery of the seabed radically changed our idea of the ocean the ocean

was no longer just water it was first and foremost a land mass a vast expanse that belongs to no one but that could perhaps be seen just. this man had a groundbreaking idea. the president of the united states harry truman a man who would implement the war reeking of any other mammal on earth. curry truman asserted his country's influence with the north claim this ocean was a church or even to a tree under water that could be the next part of the united states. enormous quantities of oil the found in the gulf of mexico but the oil lay beyond the three miles island in which coastal states could exercise their song rights truman wanted more he wanted new terms sorry for the united states the superpower needed more

more oil urgently oil reserves on the mainland no longer sufficed. our dependence on these minerals and raw materials is so bread and our supply so uncertain that we are moving as rapidly as we can and by every means that ingenuity and divide to expand facilities to step up production find new sources develop substitutes and bring in increased supplies from foreign sources. after to second world war in one hundred forty five then us president truman issued a proclamation. declaring that the natural resources in the. seabed and subsoil belong to the united states of america.

in convincing the world that the american president not only had no will but also the right to incorporate undersea territory truman used an argument that built on a recent discovery in some areas of the seabed oceanic others but continental. the us had to have this kind of basis of a jew logical link between its land mass and the land mass submerge and lead to its territory. and be an idea of the geological continental shelf is the basis which the us saw as. a legal basis as well. they had to finally and the bases that they found most convincing was of course science.

the. odds of being at c.n.n. not so close by ever when you think was there should be there mirror she again let the entry fifteen years or the christening years. with every hour witness in the three hour bite again. the arguments that the continent continues on made up the core of truman's justification this was more convincing because the historical events that legitimized this theory which by far into history. simply follow. the entire do if keep this. time of true jumps. over korean talent lifters that efforts by medion

minimum. will feed your cat is a geophysicist at the alfred vega institute in play my husband alfred vega noticed that the coastlines of north and south america seems to fit together with those of you up and africa like pieces of a possible fun indeed carnegie lookee in differ on found on one of the dark horse dusty couldn't i much as some. pianist. in the record scientists today believe there was once a supercontinent that at some point began to drift apart in the early twentieth century this idea seemed completely lost taurus. this being water sanitary. just it. could turn. out adama's got kind of supervised. this is on the

continent on them in the atmosphere to know that if we only out working there that's africa the american doctors and indian. muslim if. one does this to cure the present. indian. it's here. to cost us as the con invite not. that. these are but i hear that's where the quote entire . went on he has only planted delegates as a. what ideas are up or can do that could depend. on this have to be done article sausan of the feel of. gas but. they didn't this submerged land mass is really a prolongation of your land territory you know it's who can argue that this would

not be partly right territory. the more people became aware of large quantities of oil and gas in the ocean floor the more coastal states tried to claim it for themselves they called for an international law based on the geological definition of a continental shelf yet many states resisted the earth's history has not favored each country equally to brushless learned how to answer but i can share. financier mind us as we but fear not part of. africa. particularly made up artist dozens i didn't want in modern context group or a picturesque land. to balance out the geological differences that emerged over hundreds of millions of years the nations of the world abandoned the geological definition of a continental shelf in favor of a legal definition that applies to all coastal states uniformly the godless of its

undersea geology every country is granted a continental shelf extending two hundred nautical miles out to sea its exclusive economic zone. so these did they be of this two hundred as a magic number became acceptable to many states at the conference but the broad margin states did not accept this because of course they were as far as they're concerned they would come out as a loser it's not just the us and it also other states such as canada russia is also one of those states so they were not willing to give this up. ultimately states with a wide continental shelf prevailed and a cool's with momentous consequences was quietly appended to the law of the sea convention the cruise in question is article seventy six it says that the state can

lay claim to its geological continental shelf in addition to its legal continental shelf provided in the state can supply data demonstrating the show's outer limits within ten years. the time limit triggered a veritable wound on the world's oceans and the largest land allocation in world history. for the first time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on traditional forms of count but rather on geological findings. scientists have a special role in the case of the ocean because the physical difference isn't as obvious it's not as experienced if you're on an island detention oh you're on an island you can experience where land meets water i have no idea where the seabed

ends you know where the continental shelf fans and you know nobody does from every day observation. so i would like to explain now actually article seventy six of the convention actually works and it's all about natural. laws so we have. actually the lab continues under water or something like this everything is decided by the point where the continental gradient off at the foot of the continental slope this spot is used to calculate the shelves out and. limits the states can choose between two formulas it can extend its borders sixty nautical miles hundred kilometers from this point see woods and be more dangerous however to use the settlement fixedness will because the settlements to which on the mainland the state has

a territorial claim to this part of the seabed the thicker the layer of sediment the better according to the think this will the continental shelf extends until the point where the thickness of sediment amounts to one percent of the distance from the foot of the slope. because no one knows the chests understand geological data only thing can determine how far the state somewhen winds extend over the election hence the commission of x. that was found to deal with the global community recognizes the stakes and has so far in bullet has evolved one. zero non-si beside thousands why mickey it's not so good because of the poem is your own or am a lesion omission on zit limits of the gun. as posey dba records out it is

as is easy in steve to join you bob keep enjoins head busy show fever. and be truly involved of the. call hindes helped build this commission yes now he is among its fiercest critics. g. home in their home is sure no one know that paper for ten c.n.n. live our stop they should read sua as yeah it's bad one farm on that our right mocked. are you know that united in present law asian history at least as know. the twenty one geologists of the continental shelf commission would building d.c. to the united nations plaza filming here is for me that none of the members may

speak to the company inspiring to precisely because of the feelings that their decisions can change maritime elimination. easily learn to. put their spin on our confidentiality do you hate it when bess i have seen d c and so excited as though there's iran have you noticed that joe. it down the debt even needs. this to the us and i'm kinda does yeah i. wake of confidentiality pfaff on the nights great but does ice sheets rising you know house. rewind returns a can bring your people back to life i'm sorry with brand new updates on the best

of al-jazeera documentaries there has been a number of reforms put in price since the program was filmed rewind continues with hamas of darkness we were following orders we sing young people to fight these wars put them in the most complex situations you can imagine and have them make life and death decisions rewind on al-jazeera if you are looking at this from the outside you would really wonder what was going on what do you see writes is it a religion that they have an in-depth exploration of global capitalism and our obsession with economic growth this is still the center of capitalism there is no limits i view myself as a capital artist we are trying to break through the world smaller and smaller we don't want to be set realistic in the world we would rather have a fantasy growing pain is coming soon. five families fight to survive in twenty first century america i live off my credit cards mine i don't make enough money the

last couple months it's been minimum balances can only keep their heads above water in a tough economic climate companies have had to lay off thousands of workers if he wants to go to school he'll be paying for his classes and books and knowledge that he can't do that on while he. just zero. hello i missed doha with the top stories on al-jazeera the runner up in the democratic republic of congo's presidential election is challenging the official results last in failure to appeal to the constitutional court describing the vote as forgery and. bring it down to the court we called the electoral commission to read the ballot papers because that's what the little

seed we are to tell you disagree with it is not as announced there are things they are fabricated nothing to do with the truth and then when this ruse the truth has to come from the. development the u.s. president has been accused of concealing details of his face to face meetings with the russian president the washington post alleges donald trump took back notes made by his interpreter after a meeting with vladimir pearson in hamburg in twenty seventeen a saudi teenager who fled from her family over fears for her life has arrived in her new country rough muhammad ali khan and flew from thailand to canada for an offer of asylum the eighteen year old one international attention when she launched a social media campaign from her hotel room in bangkok pleading for help turkish

backed forces have carried out military exercises at the border with syria ahead of an expected offensive in the northern city of men bridge it's currently held by u.s. backed kurdish fighters u.s. secretary of state mike pompei or says he is hopeful an agreement can be reached with ankara to protect kurdish troops as american forces prepare to leave syria. there's been more violence in france during a ninth saturday of yellow vest protests tear gas and water cannon were used to push back anti government demonstrators in paris who threw rocks and missiles at riot police. and protesters have marched through london calling for a general election that comes just three days before the british parliament votes on prime minister trees amazed that deal to leave the european union. south africa's ruling african national congress has launched its manifesto for elections in may president will run the poser promised to create more jobs and address racial

inequality at the launch in durban those are the headlines join me for more news here after ocean's monopoly. the book.

the commission of experts was founded in union with the global community recognizes states of suffering as posing. as jesus institute. for the first time in the history of humanity land grab a could based on traditional forms of power but rather on geological findings. the experts who tipped the scales in a return to a notoriously unforthcoming one members to speak about the commission on the condition the team me to. put in which to me in forums.

personally i always felt that we could do an effort to actually be more transparent and to communicate more. so my name is walter roost and i'm reading your physicist work at it from here in france and i'm a member of the un commission on the limits of the continental shelf. well the first thing i should say is that they're not the work of the commission yes it's true it's quite. three that in a very confidential fashion and the main reason behind that from the beginning while this two reasons one is that we're dealing with sovereign rights of states secondly many of the states submitted they'd actually confidential data derives from petroleum industry differences so in those data they have to be treated with

a very high level of confidentiality there were powerful interests behind the state's petitions seabed data have enormous economic significance this information contains important clues for where natural resources might be located industries and states are not inclined to share this information which can be worth billions i think what we did what i could say is that as members of the commission i think we consider ourselves really scientific and technical experts but we also. cautions of the fact that our recommendations or decisions that we make have huge impact both politically economically. and so on so is it possible to distinguish those two. for geologists in the commission have the job of evaluating continental shelf data submitted by countries officially the

commission only makes recommendations but since their conclusions are not cooperated by anyone else they have de facto or pfoa t. to decide which nations get which territories. five nations that border the arctic ocean are in a bid to extend their software rights in the direction of the north pole denmark china to us norway and russia each wants as much territories possible the area is best. managed to contain ten percent of the world's oil was. due to fire who. me and sulu shipped. if.

for. us we're doing is is hince has put down. that. russia understood to take advantage of the new. in two thousand and two it was one of the first countries to submit a claim to the continental shelf commission the russians asserted to no less than the entire essential arctic an area of one point five million square kilometers including the north pole coal hinz was known as the man who shot down blushes claim on account of insufficient scientific evidence employed a trick that many states are using to push through their claims even after they reject it. as. is and is

a country and. this is ip for both. events. or the also s. . ron. i'm a fresh one of. the. missions. in the race to control the world's oceans data is key if a claim that nations can have just collect more information this effectively allows countries to circumvent the commission's ten year deadline governments can submit new reports until their claims who approved each additional geological submission brings with it a fresh womb for interpretation the name of the game is if you want to have the best answer for your marathon boundaries and. nor the best answer for your extended

continental shelf you go out and collect the best modern day data possible to go in use for your final application for law to see to ensure that the answer is the best that it can be. russia has since submitted it refines to data to the continental shelf commission but canada and denmark want to know home. how can other countries with the same scientific documents claim the same territory . is an ocean and want to succumb to it it is a question of the spectators the commission evaluates the scientific data and makes a decision in the for or against a states claim once

a claim is approved it is binding and cannot be reversed. i don't know i mean we have no. if we replace all members of the commission that the cleeve we have twenty one new members and we would give them the same case it would be get the same result can be quite certain we will not get exactly the same result so i. i don't believe that the commission can be a hundred percent right because one hundred percent right does not exist in natural sciences we're talking about in the preaching based all right up to the response that. the commission is a clip of textbooks selected by the church the nations of the twenty one members on the commission nineteen come from countries that others write the territorial expansion to national interests playing the decisions of its members what is

certain is the recommendations. tested. and. the facts learned so good as your name. on top line is that the work that's how i am in every age i do my. bank under their control yet i'm glad to have a problem job nobody. why kingston well there were two candidates to make. and all i can say is that john mccain won so we end up in kingston. michael law which puts the international seabed to. say it is a type of executive council of the ocean floor they supervise one of the states are

unable to get their hands on with continental shelf claims the i.s.a.'s official motto is that the deep sea bed is the common heritage of mankind they believe that the ocean belongs to everyone the common heritage concept includes. a number of basic ideas the first idea is that. it's an area over which no single state can claim sovereignty and it has to be administered for the benefit of all mankind. the seabed all for two years the tolls distributing which is that are not in the sovereign areas of national states if a country or company makes a profit from mining minerals the i s a ensures that poor countries and countries without coastal borders receive a share. when founding the i s a states agreed to make

environmental regulations as strict as possible for deep sea mining in international waters because no one knows its effect on the merits of the ecosystem . so the i asked say has no standing in the continental shelf commission it's not an observer to the commission it has no right to object to a recommendation of the commission. the commission's recommendations go only to the coastal state that is making the submission and not to anybody else. the ocean compass ever three hundred sixty million square kilometers quarters of the earth's surface. over forty percent of this area has been assigned to

legal continental shelves. claims on expanded geological continental shelves make up another ten percent of the ocean. it is now projected that around fifty seven percent of the oceans will eventually be under the control of the coastal states. in the year two thousand and that's the latest set of figures that we have the international seabed authority which is based in jamaica they came up with an estimated as they saw that governments were starting to work through this more recent component for a lot of the sea for the extended continental shelf they have a figure just just below twelve thousand us trillion dollars is the in-situ estimate of seabed resources in the extended continental shelves.

estimates about the quantity of natural resources buried in the seabed are highly speculative but if the figure of twelve thousand trillion u.s. dollars is right it would be enough to every person on earth a check for one and a half million dollars. for this is one of the country's leading the charge to claim a piece of the pie. nothing has a leg over many other states at colonial past. worries so. please leave. blues. in a realm of more. say are hopefully she. will do. is. create a moment to feel at least one of. the

are. a lot. of things to its colonial past france administers islands in almost every ocean of the world now it stands to gain substantial maritime territory in which. currently france just eleven claims pending at the continental shelf commission. says it is. it is. not pretty says is. different. the army does he did was this is such young.

france has claimed territories amounting to some twelve million square kilometers around twenty times the size of continental farms if the claims are. it will become the world's second largest maritime nation its sovereign wide stretching over an area of the ocean almost as large as the entire arctic less yarl's also duff. you know bar a little him all this limo and bulldog. boss a good. leader of our. it could do just remodel a bit more now because i do security doing it don't drive or. duplicate some of the predict.

which is going to switch don't. believe. that you're not that or last disease do put in as. they go off or send decision. that's the button off that there's the down to the point. that the want you shall see it. for seventy. something for. the sort of grew to want their machine are

better may i make doll look why are they just that do some unity shut it is both. there is no pay support for shock even. one hundred forty newsy false or. false is not best. served for sets up a false credit. islands were present a crucial trumpet a lot in the battle to control the world's oceans it's all about geometry because the islands are surrounded by water there so for interest extends around them in a circle even if an island were just

a small walk it's maraton so would be larger than germany. if a group of islands forms and. a common baseline around the entire cluster of violence is used to calculate the maritime territory. this man is japan's hope in the race to claim the won't oceans he cracks the genetic code have a life form the could help japan i'd say four hundred thousand square kilometers to its territory make a ami is a geoscientist in the university of tokyo he specializes in coal organisms that display characteristics of both animals and plants. going to the mall all. is ok with that equip got up and causal steps that we all know. yet kayani has delved further into their biology into the

secret of their reproduction and found a method for breeding them on a large scale. osses on the through the wall. at the bottom of it it's akin to what i mean out of the often this is echoed argument about thought there were no weapons. of mass produced coles sixty thousand tiny coal babies are being artificially poor at a farm on a small island off the coast of okinawa put food walked her does. the. book in neutral wish him a is located seventeen hundred kilometers south of tokyo it is a small calling at all during high tide he clears the surface by

a mere centimeters japan regards it as an island but the existence of a q notorious under threat. all six join it and i see him in ga and he just said god i. really wanted to ask it of them all this one out of but we got a small civil system out there so you can ya get us bucks japan has decided that kinda troy you must know foundation its maritime area which presents a massive territorial expansion bringing with it so when whites over fish and other natural resources. the ornaments sickie. them. their gods will. there. and so they can hide that. nothings.

in. all. this territory be lost if the. these coals being used to save the thousands of them have been shipped to. preserve that we've been making those launches possible a pilot project on an island taiwan is studying what might one day look like things to. soon. could become we'll like the pilot project. which consists entirely of cars. being welcomed by everyone whether it's demerits on claims of tensions with his powerful neighbor china. in phone. disputes with

a whole array of countries. as states attempts to extend their maritime zones as far as possible many international conflicts. in the south china sea eight countries are fighting full value to one hundred billion dollars. there is no part of the world that is safer than others in other words with fifty three percent of all maritime boundaries within the easy unresolved we're seeing conflicts raising up to. driven predominantly by resource development for the offshore typically we'll end up having a coastal frontage area that looks like this and let's say that we have

a land boundary we're country a is sitting here and country b. is sitting here back in the seventy's when we were moving from oil and gas exploration on land to the marine area they may. i've negotiated a provisional boundary that sort of allowed them for country a to issue offshore oil and gas blocks and country b. and let's say in a so in a more recent scenario an extremely large discovery is made and let's say in the neighboring country country b. then all of a sudden size we'd like to have some of that so they are starting to propose new boundaries as this initial line was not even a modern day accepted boundary line. sions have become contestants territories the world over everyone wants a piece of the design new boundaries of being torn for to fighting no peace which is powerful industries on the move in the deep sea no one can predict the

consequences of this industrialized nation of the world's pollution is. there the consequences of a revolution that began years ago and has mostly gone on noticed the ocean is being defined you don't like the land. you also have to realize that the oceans are future so we need to have some way of. deciding who is responsible for walk and where and when. and so. at this point in time this is maybe not the ideal solution but this is this rouge and that was created with the convention. the world's oceans phone and it's continents bill with a cohesive ecological system a sensitive continuum in which wants happens to one area can affect the office. it is now up to the lowest nations whether they would take responsibility

for their new knee a quiet maritime territories. hello i can promise you much more rain or snow for afghanistan that's it for the time being there's a huge amount of cloud cascading out of southeastern europe shoot through the caucasus and the caspian a moment to think development is going to be further south and that this is the picture of something we've got rain coming into lebanon as you can see pharaoh breeze that's familiar a mass of cloud syria saudi arabia and iraq and then catching the rising ground of the western side of iran you see rain and you see snow and that is going to carry on falding throughout sunday night into monday huge amount of snow is possibly

right up to azerbaijan and then it tails off further east more case of cloud but all this time although there's been rain in lebanon touching northern syria it's not really come further inland have the ridge much be on the back it's called the still have to say signs of the cloud those different matter because of what they see is it's drawing air out from the side now this is the empty quarter it's not been raining here it's dusty said pictures like to be a fairly warm on have to say twenty six riyad twenty four and but also quite dusty was a strengthening wind but by the look of it it's just going to be clad as is the case at the moment no blue sky but no rain. how much more are we going to invest in the elusive notion that militaries guarantee on national security and poverty destitution and the sense of unfairness of actually being at the heart of virtually every civil conflict in the last twenty

years after him steiner head of the u.n. development program talks to al-jazeera. real understand the differences. and the similarities of cultures across the world so no matter how you take it al-jazeera will bring you the news and current of the matter to you al-jazeera. a handshake shrouded in secrecy a new report reveals just how far president trump went to high details of a meeting with vladimir putin. hello i'm just saying this is al jazeera live from doha also coming up demanding

a recount the runner up in the democratic republic of congo's presidential election challenges the results plus. it was a disaster waiting to happen the government was well aware of the risk of liquefaction here in this area with nothing to inform the people i'm stepfather reporting from without and to die off the earthquake in september and how a wave of sexual abuse cases has caused the biggest crisis facing america's catholic church in years. the u.s. president has been accused of concealing details of a meeting with russian leader vladimir pierson that's according to a report in the washington post the paper alleges donald trump has not released any notes made by his interpreter after meeting with person and hamburg in twenty seventeen trump reportedly instructed the translator not to tell anyone and he

didn't in his administration what's had been discussed castro has more from washington d.c. . we know of at least five private meetings between u.s. president donald trump and amir putin during trump's presidency and the reporting in this washington post article focuses on the twenty seventeen g. twenty meeting in hamburg germany we know that during this meeting president was also then the u.s. secretary of state rex tillerson and trump's personal interpreter now tillerson following this meeting told reporters that a wide variety of topics were discussed and that among them trump had pressed whether russia had meddled in the u.s. elections which putin denied than target or told other senior administration officials that trump responded with the words i believe you but since then the lips of that interpreter have been sealed and we may know the reason why now what into

this reporting in the washington post with which cites former and current u.s. officials they say that trump instructed the interpreter not to reveal details of this meeting not even to four other not even to other administration officials and the reporting says that trump took possession of the notes of the interpreter and the result is that not only is there no detailed record of what was discussed between these two leaders in the public arena there may not even exist records in classified records either all of this would which would handicap u.s. foreign policy experts which may have weighed in and influence the president's policy decisions into the future regarding russia and perhaps the biggest threat of all to the u.s. is giving putin extra leverage to manipulate the president. well a u.s.

house of representatives committee says it will look into another report on president trump this one by the new york times the newspaper claims the f.b.i. opened an inquiry to find out if he was secretly working on behalf of russia against u.s. interests it says the investigation began in may twenty seventeen. then f.b.i. director james comey counterintelligence investigators were assigned to evaluate whether trump was a potential threat to national security the f.b.i. also sought to determine whether the president was deliberately working for russia or had unintentionally been influenced by moscow trump has rejected the allegations saying it's the most insulting article i've ever had written about me bruce fein is a former us associate deputy attorney general and a constitutional lawyer he says this revelation could lead to more investigations. no other president has ever done anything that skates close to the line of acting on behalf of foreign intelligence service or

a foreign country it would necessarily constitute treason which under the united states constitution requires a level of war but certainly the evidence that was accumulated suggesting that there was some kind of collaboration between president trump and russia because the house democrats you know now control the house of representatives they can undertake an investigation issue subpoenas to those at the f.b.i. and even though this wasn't you know a crime necessarily it certainly bears on the fitness of the president for office and which means impeachment covers actions that are short of criminal activity but where does this go next and i can guarantee you that the house government affairs and oversight committee will probably issue subpoenas on monday to get the bottom of this why did the f.b.i. think the evidence was credible enough to suggest that mr trump was actually spying

on behalf of the country of russia. u.s. secretary of state mike pompei o. is in the gulf visiting allies some of whom are at odds with each other he is currently in the u.a.e. meeting with abu dhabi's crown prince mohammed bin ziad after that he heads to qatar and then to the saudi capital riyadh the u.a.e. and saudi arabia are part of a group of countries blockading qatar they accuse qatar of supporting armed groups something it strongly denies pump air has called for unity among gulf states as the u.s. prepares to withdraw its troops from syria and pump air is hopeful of an agreement with turkey to protect its kurdish allies who fought the war against eisel ankara accuses the kurdish fighters of terrorism turkish troops have now carried out military exercises at the border with syria ahead of an expected offensive on the rebel group stronghold of men in northern syria from their sin and cos the early reports. preparing for battle these men are members of the free

syrian army is homs a brigade their own laws of the turkish military or on a war footing and preparing for an offensive on the kurdish city of human bridge in northern syria these fighters say they will not be left behind. with or without the u.s. withdrawal and we will complete this military offensive we are ready for a leaderships order. men bridges controlled by the u.s. backed kurdish war p.g. turkey considers as the syrian branch of the kurdistan workers' party or which it recognizes as a terrorist group. indore ranks of this brigade are syrian kurds who say the white cannot be of the kurds legitimate representative in the war in syria. most of the kids fled to germany iraqi kurdistan because of the y.p. g.'s oppression they force you even girls for military service on the front lines

they charge an affordable taxi. many people support the military offensive surrounded by the p.k. cambridge reinforces and the populations living in fear of more places and liberated in the why pigeon is gone we can have a better business life this is our came out and it is one of two military bases which will coordinate the expected upcoming offensive on the eastern side of the euphrates river and the city of. turkey stays kurdish civilians will not be targeted but some people in members are not convinced that funny. since we learned the u.s. will withdraw many of our friends volunteered to join man military council to defend our city will protect ourselves. of course we have fears now we live in peace with really perform our religion but when other groups can there will be corruption. day and night the turkish army continues to strengthen its

forces inside syria sending a message that the offensive could start to see number al-jazeera northern syria. the runner up in the democratic republic of congo's presidential election says the vote has been fraudulent most unfairly wants a recount and is challenging the official results in court tassel reports from the capital kinshasa. martin for ulysses he has evidence to prove he won last month's election by a landslide sixty one percent of the votes and the presidential run up is challenging the result in the constitutional court bring it down to the constitutional court we called the electoral commission to. count the ballots because that's what the law says we have to politicise agree with the result that has announced that. they are fabricated nothing to do with the truth

provisional results released by the election commission on thursday declared felix just a kitty the winner with nearly thirty nine percent of the vote his supporters if she accept the result. more than thirty guys stop when it's done we want it we don't she didn't she did we didn't make an arrangement regional this is just the result of the polling station and we make sure what. we do or we don't want to go into a fight unlike previous elections voting day at the end of last month was relatively peaceful but growing suspicions over the count could derail congress for democratic transfer of power since independence from belgium in one thousand sixty constitutional court judges are due to meet on monday and tuesday to go through what martin félicie is evidence which proves he won last month's election if the judges say he has no case in felix's the katie will be sworn in as president of the influential catholic church is rejecting the official result so too is france and

former colonial power belgium the african union and the southern african development community regional body are appealing to the people of congo to respect the eventual decision of the constitutional court judges and avoid a violent reaction. twenty one people have died after the roof of a coal mine collapsed in china's shaanxi province there were eighty seven people underground at the time of the incident sixty six of them were rescued and airlifted to safety it's unclear what caused the collapse but an investigation is now underway thousands of people in indonesia will have to be relocated after their land turned into liquid when an earthquake struck the coast of suit away c. in september they were already is were reportedly aware of the risk of liquefaction as it's called but people living in high risk areas weren't warned step bason reports under this pile of mud are the remains of saw me as house it was buried on

september twenty eighth after a happy earthquake suddenly turned soil into liquid houses cars and people were sucked inside hundreds of people disappeared and the bodies of her three young nephews and nieces have yet to be found and for listeners that come on their front door if i think about my nephews and nieces i come here i have no more hope that we will find them but it helps me to cope with my sadness just to be here so me aboard the land in the one nine hundred eighty s. my den many houses have been built she remembers that it was muddy but she says she didn't think anything of it in two thousand and twelve a team of geologists found that seventy percent of barlow and its surroundings are either high risk of liquefaction. meaning that if an earthquake.